A new hydrate-based recovery process for removing chlorinated hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions

The main objective of this study was to check the feasibility of the newly proposed hydrate-based chlorinated hydrocarbon (CHC) recovery process for removing chlorinated hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions. Two key process variables of hydrate phase equilibria and formation kinetics were closely examined to develop the overall conceptual design of this technology. First, the ternary four-phase (H-LW-LCHC-V) hydrate equilibria of aqueous solutions containing methylene chloride (CH2Cl2), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), 1,2-dichloroethane (CH2ClCH2Cl), 1,1,1-trichloroethane (CH3CCl3), and 1,1-dichloroethylene (CH2= CCl2) were measured at various temperature and pressure conditions using three different types of help gases (CO2, N2, CH4). The help gas + water + chlorinated hydrocarbons systems greatly reduced the hydrate-forming pressure, which confirmed the mixed hydrates with chlorinated hydrocarbons more stabilized than the simple hydrates consisting of a help gas and water. The degree of stabilization was found to follow the order of 1,2-dichloroethane < 1,1-dichloroethylene < methylene chloride < 1,1,1-trichloroethane < carbon tetrachloride. For the N2 + water + carbon tetrachloride system, the formation pressure reduction as much as 96% was observed at 279.35 K. Second, the formation kinetic experiments of carbon dioxide hydrates containing chlorinated hydrocarbons were conducted under isothermal and isobaric conditions. The consumption rate of carbon dioxide gas became fast at the early time of the growth period, gradually decreased, and finally went to the complete hydration. The proposed hydrate-based recovery process appears to be very simple from the operational point of view because no special facilities requiring sensitive and complex function are needed. Another advantage is that this process only requires carbon dioxide as a hydrate former. Best of all, this process can be applied to separation and recovery of other organic pollutants dissolved in aqueous solutions without changing the basic concept.     

芋头淀粉纳米颗粒的制备及其表征

以芋头淀粉为原料,经普鲁兰酶脱支不同时间,在4 ℃下回生制备淀粉纳米颗粒,通过Zeta电位仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪、差示扫描量热仪和X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等对芋头原淀粉和淀粉纳米颗粒的结构和形貌进行了表征。结果表明,经过不同酶解时间(4、6、8和10 h)回生得到的芋头淀粉纳米颗粒的平均粒径分别为354.7、235.4、274.6和400.9 nm。傅里叶红外光谱显示芋头淀粉纳米颗粒没有出现新的特征峰,但分子间作用力和氢键作用都有所增强。与芋头原淀粉比较,淀粉纳米颗粒的糊化温度和焓值降低,糊化温度范围增大,晶型由A型变为V型,相对结晶度明显降低。芋头淀粉纳米颗粒呈多边形或球形,比表面积增大,出现了一定的团聚现象。     

纳米花生蛋白颗粒的制备和性能表征

以花生粕为原料提取花生分离蛋白,利用反溶剂法制备纳米花生蛋白颗粒。采用激光粒度仪、扫描电镜(SEM)、差示热量扫描(DSC)、热重分析仪等仪器对纳米花生蛋白颗粒表征结构和性质进行分析。结果表明:纳米花生蛋白颗粒的粒径随着乙醇添加量的增加而减小,其粒径分布在100~300 nm之间;SEM图片显示,纳米花生蛋白颗粒呈球形,颗粒大小分布均匀;纳米花生蛋白颗粒的Z–电位的电荷量随乙醇添加量的增加而增大;傅氏转换红外线光谱分析仪(FTIR)分析表明纳米颗粒分子内的羟基有所增加;DSC分析发现纳米花生分离蛋白的变性温度在100℃左右,并且随乙醇添加量的增加而有所降低。     

纺织品耐氯化水色牢度试验标准工作液的制备

参考GB 19106-2003次氯酸钠水溶液及定量分析等相关文献,对GB/T 8433-1998纺织品色牢度试验耐氯化水色牢度(游泳池水)中的标准工作液的制备方法进行详述,增强了原标准的可操作性;同时对制备过程中应注意的事项进行了说明.     

玉米醇溶蛋白负载叶黄素纳米粒的制备与表征

以玉米醇溶蛋白为纳米载体,通过反溶剂法制备玉米醇溶蛋白负载叶黄素纳米粒(Zein-Lutein),并对其结构表征进行解析。通过单因素和正交试验,优化玉米醇溶蛋白负载叶黄素纳米粒的制备工艺,得到了玉米醇溶蛋白负载叶黄素纳米粒制备的最佳工艺条件为:玉米醇溶蛋白与叶黄素质量比20:1,水合时间150 min,水合温度50℃,该条件下对叶黄素的包封率为81.00%。所制备的Zein-Lutein纳米粒经Nano分析仪测得平均粒径为398.3 nm;透射电镜(TEM)显示叶黄素被玉米醇溶蛋白包埋后,Zein-Lutein纳米体系形态和分布发生了改变;傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析证实玉米醇溶蛋白能够负载叶黄素形成纳米结构。