复合诱变选育耐高温高产葡萄糖酸盐的黑曲霉菌株

以黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)Y8为研究对象,经过紫外-高温复合诱变处理后,利用初筛及复筛,得到一株耐高温高产葡萄糖酸盐的黑曲霉菌株UT-1。菌株UT-1在45℃,220 r/min条件下进行摇瓶发酵,其平均产葡萄糖酸盐的量为(23.23±0.02)g/100 mL,较出发菌株提高了32.44%,经4次传代培养后,菌株UT-1遗传稳定性能良好。5 L发酵罐试验结果表明,菌株UT-1与出发菌株相比适应期缩短了2 h,发酵周期缩短了4 h,葡萄糖酸盐产量提高了17.14%,为葡萄糖酸盐工业化生产提供理论基础和技术支持。     

复合诱变原生质体选育高活性苎麻脱胶菌

为了提高菌株的脱胶能力,使微生物脱胶能用于工业生产实践中,以黑曲霉An1.1为出发菌株,采用紫外线和硫酸二乙酯复合诱变处理原生质体,以制霉菌素抗性和2-脱氧葡萄糖抗性为遗传标记,定向筛选得到一株高活性苎麻脱胶菌黑曲霉D5。在以未经刮制的苎麻韧皮为主要碳源,0.7%(NH4)2SO4为氮源,添加0.05%KCl、0.05%MgSO4、0.1%K2HPO4、0.1%酵母膏的培养液中,接入黑曲霉D5菌株,置于30℃下,150r/min处理30h左右,脱胶麻纤维的残胶率平均为14.13%。     

海洋纤溶酶高产菌株的选育及产酶条件优化

以海洋枯草芽孢杆菌FA-7为出发菌株,经紫外诱变获得一株遗传稳定性良好的高产纤溶酶菌株Y-22,并对该菌株的发酵培养基和发酵条件进行优化,确定菌株Y-22的最佳产酶条件为可溶性淀粉4％,黄豆粕粉2．5％,CaCl20．025％,MgSO4·7H：00．35％,吐温-80O．15％;接种量4％,装液量50mt：250mL,初始pH值为5．5,发酵温度30℃,180r／min振荡培养96h。在此条件下,菌株Y-22的发酵液粗酶酶活为（910±11．3）1U／mL,是出发菌株的3．05倍。     

壳聚糖酶高产菌株选育及发酵条件研究

以自筛曲霉CJ2 2 -3为出发株 ,经紫外线和6 0 Co诱变处理 ,获得 1株壳聚糖酶高产菌株CJ2 2 -3 2 6,经正交实验初步优化了其液态产酶培养基 :壳聚糖 1 5 % ,麸皮 2 % ,(NH4 ) 2 SO4 0 2 % ,KH2 PO4 0 2 % ,MgSO4 0 0 5 % ,Tween -80 0 0 5 % ,pH5 5。优化的发酵条件为 :装液量 75mL/ 2 5 0mL三角瓶 ,摇床转速 1 5 0r/min ,发酵温度为 3 0℃ ,发酵时间为 96h。在此条件下 ,CJ2 2 -3 2 6产酶活力为3 0 6U/mL。     

β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶高产菌诱变选育及基因克隆表达

为获得β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶高产菌株,以高地芽孢杆菌YC-9为出发菌株,通过亚硝基胍(nitrosoguanidine,NTG)和低能N+束诱变育种,筛选和选育得到两株突变株N-2-2和10-30s-3,发酵培养60 h,酶活力分别达到28.6 U/m L和36.1 U/m L,分别是出发菌株的2.36倍和2.98倍,与YC-9菌株相比,突变菌株菌体生长下降但发酵产酶量增加。进一步将β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶克隆并在大肠杆菌中成功表达,经过30℃诱导6 h后,胞内酶活力达79.2 U/m L,为出发菌株的6.5倍。     

固态发酵生产植酸酶的研究

阐述以AS3.4309为出发菌株,采用紫外线和EB的复合诱变获得植酸酶高产菌AS3.4309-12作为发酵菌株.确定液体种子最佳发酵条件为:发酵温度30℃,摇瓶速度为210 r/rain,装液量为50 mL/250 mL三角瓶,pH5.5,培养基为5%的玉米淀粉和0.5%(NH4)2SO4,孢子接种量2%.确定最佳固态发酵条件:发酵温度30℃,玉米面和麸皮比例4:6,最初pH5.培养基水分51.3%,液体种子接种量5%,发酵时间108 h.     

“神州八号”航天搭载诱变选育果胶酶高产菌株

以泡盛曲霉40499为出发菌株,通过“神州八号”航天搭载进行太空诱变选育,共培养得到168株生长菌,经碘液染色法初筛,液态发酵法复筛,得到5株果胶酶高产菌株,分别命名为HP26-2、HP37-5、HP39-1、HP45-1、HP48-3,其中HP26-2酶活最大,达到17.162U/mL,比对照菌株高1.26倍,HP37-5和HP39-1在发酵时间60～132h持续产酶能力最强,产酶能力最稳定.     

高产碱性果胶酶吉氏芽孢杆菌的诱变育种与固态培养条件优化

以吉氏芽孢杆菌(Bacillus gibsonii)S-2为出发菌株,经紫外线诱变育种,得到产碱性果胶酶较高的新菌株2249.优化后的固态培养基为甜菜粕5g、酵母膏0.15 g、KH2PO40.0075 g、Na2CO30.12g、水15 mL、液体种子种龄为24 h、接种量为2 mL、培养温度为35 ℃、培养时间为72 h,酶产率达到6.05 kU/g(干甜菜渣),较出发菌株S-2提高68%.该酶的最适pH10.0、最适温度为55 ℃,NaCl、MgSO4、CaCl2、KCI对酶活有明显激活作用,CuSO4、ZnSO4对酶活有明显抑制作用.     

营养因素及环境因子对合成L-组氨酸的影响

本文以谷氨酸棒杆菌TLU05（5-MT^r＋SC^r＋5-FT^r＋8-AC^r＋6-MP^t＋2-TA^r）为出发菌株，在摇瓶水平上考察了碳源、氮源和无机盐等营养因素及环境因子对合成L-组氨酸的影响。在上述条件下，72h摇瓶可积累L-组氨酸达23-24g／L。     

工业酿酒酵母木糖代谢途径的建立及酒精发酵初步研究

以酵母AS2.1190为出发菌株,把含有木糖还原酶基因(XYL1)、木糖醇脱氢酶基因(XYL2)以及木酮糖激酶基因(XKS1)的质粒载体pYMIKP-xy127线性化后多拷贝整合进入其基因组,筛选得到基因工程菌株GZ4-127,并对此工程菌株进行葡萄糖、木糖共发酵试验.结果显示GZ4-127比出发菌株的菌体密度提高5%,木糖消耗提高2倍,酒精产率提高12%,说明工程菌已能够有效地利用木糖生产乙醇.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.