棉织物的TiO_2/ZnO水溶胶-凝胶抗菌整理

在TiO2/ZnO水溶胶对纺织品抗菌整理中,探讨了水溶胶中TiO2与ZnO物质的量之比、TiO2/ZnO水溶胶的浓度、掺杂类型、掺杂Ag+浓度、掺杂La3+浓度、陈化时间以及外部测试的光源环境对其抗菌整理效果的影响。优化的TiO2/ZnO水溶胶抗菌整理工艺配方为:水溶胶中TiO2/ZnO物质的量之比为2∶1,复合水溶胶适宜的摩尔浓度为0.2~0.3mol/L;掺0.5%La3+或0.5%Ag+到TiO2/ZnO水溶胶中,对金黄葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌的抑菌率明显高于未掺杂的TiO2/ZnO复合水溶胶。     

改性SiO2水溶胶在棉织物超疏水整理中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法,以甲基三甲氧基硅烷为前驱体,氨水为催化剂,十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷为添加剂,在表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠作用下制备了改性纳米SiO2水溶胶,并将其成功应用于棉织物的超疏水整理.通过控制氨水用量和表面活性剂浓度,制备不同颗粒尺寸及粒径分布的改性SiO2水溶胶,讨论溶胶粒径大小及分布对棉织物拒水性的影响.采用...     

TiO_2水溶胶改善聚丙烯土工布耐老化性的研究

探讨TiO_2水溶胶处理对聚丙烯土工布耐老化性能的改善效果。采用溶胶凝胶法制备TiO_2水溶胶,测试了经过TiO_2水溶胶处理后聚丙烯土工布不同老化时间下的耐酸性、耐碱性、耐水洗性和耐金属离子性。结果表明:TiO_2水溶胶在钛酸丁酯质量分数13%,冰醋酸质量分数25%,搅拌时间70min时,处理所得聚丙烯土工布防紫外线整理效果最好;经TiO_2水溶胶浸渍整理处理后的聚丙烯土工布防紫外性能得到提高,其耐酸碱性、耐水洗性、耐金属离子性较好。认为:TiO_2水溶胶处理能改善聚丙烯土工布的耐老化性能。     

溶胶-凝胶法对织物的功能整理

采用溶胶-凝胶技术,用TiO2水溶胶处理纯棉织物,可以赋予织物多重整理效果.如:具有较好的屏蔽紫外线的作用,用037 mol/L TiO2水溶胶处理过的织物在297 nm处的紫外线透过率仅为0.8%,且水洗牢度较稳定;处理过的织物同时还具有一定的拒水作用,耐水压值能达到19.7 cm水柱,淋水级数50分;与带有环氧基的硅氧烷水溶胶混合使用能使直接染料染色的皂洗的白布沾色牢度提高1～2级.目前存在的问题是:处理后的织物撕破强力损失较大.     

纳米二氧化钛水溶胶的制备及表征

纳米二氧化钛可用于织物的后整理,使织物具有抗茵、抗静电、抗紫外线的功能.综合溶胶--凝胶法乙酰丙酮和硝酸的抑制水解作用和微乳法表面活性剂的分散效果制备纳米二氧化钛水溶胶.并用ZETAR激光粒度分析仪进行粒度分析,从而得知本实验制得了粒子大小在37～100 nm之间的TiO2水溶胶.     

羊毛和蚕丝织物的TiO_2水溶胶防泛黄整理

采用Ti O2水溶胶对羊毛和蚕丝织物进行防泛黄整理。分析了Ti O2水溶胶的制备温度、溶胶用量和光源对织物泛黄速率的影响,并通过SEM观察了整理后的织物表面,测试了断裂强力。结果表明:Ti O2水溶胶整理能降低羊毛和蚕丝织物的泛黄速率。60℃时制备的Ti O2水溶胶,当整理液中纳米Ti O2粒子的质量浓度为0.4 g/L时,整理后织物的防泛黄效果好。Ti O2水溶胶整理后,羊毛和蚕丝织物的断裂强力略有损伤。     

稳定TiO_2水溶胶的制备及其在棉织物上的紫外线屏蔽整理

研究用钛酸丁酯作前驱物 ,水作溶剂 ,冰乙酸为稳定剂 ,制备稳定的TiO2 水溶胶 ,测定了不同温度、pH值下TiO2 水溶胶的凝胶时间。并将TiO2 水溶胶用于纯棉织物后整理上 ,结果表明 :用含 0 9%的TiO2 水溶胶整理的纯棉织物 ,在波长 2 97nm处紫外线屏蔽率达到 93% ,同时还有一定的疏水作用 ,经过整理的纯棉织物的水滴润湿时间远大于 1h。     

超疏水棉织物的硅水溶胶制备法

为制备超疏水纺织品,通过水性溶胶-凝胶反应,在表面活性剂作用下制备了含甲基纳米SiO2（M-SiO2）和十六烷基改性纳米SiO2（H-SiO2）水溶胶,分别采用二步法（即先用M-SiO2水溶胶对棉织物浸轧处理,再进行低表面能修饰）、一步法浸轧H-SiO2水溶胶对棉织物进行超疏水整理。结果表明,制备的M-SiO2和H-SiO2水溶胶较稳定,粒径分布较窄,而H-SiO2水溶胶更容易在棉纤维表面引入致密的低表面能粗糙疏水膜,与二步法相比,一步法整理棉织物接触角达到152.1°,滚动角为8°,沾水等级100,具有工艺简单、节省原料、动态疏水效果更佳的优势。     

溶胶-凝胶法改善芳纶织物的耐光性

针对高性能纤维耐光性较差的现状,采用TiO2溶胶-凝胶涂层方法改善芳纶织物的耐光性.利用动态光散射激光粒度分析仪Nano ZS分析发现,制备的TiO2水溶胶粒子尺寸和分布都很均匀.利用U-4100紫外/可见/近红外分光光度计表征,对比涂层前后织物对光的透射、反射和吸收量,发现涂层后织物耐光性提高.同时,通过扫描电镜观察,涂层后在织物表面形成TiO2水溶胶一凝胶的连续膜结构,对光辐照有较好的屏蔽作用.     

纳米二氧化钛水溶胶对涤纶织物的抗静电整理

分析了纺织品产生静电的机理,并采用溶胶--凝胶法和微乳法制得的纳米TiO2水溶胶处理涤纶机织物,系统地分析了各种工艺因素对抗静电效果的影响并对整理后的织物性能进行了测试,通过正交实验得到最佳的整理工艺为:纳米TiO2水溶胶质量浓度为1.412 g/L,处理温度为50 ℃,处理时间为30 min,通过测试表明达到了较好的效果.     

常温交联型水性聚氨酯的合成及其在水性丝网印染涂料中的应用

干性植物油与二乙醇胺发生胺解反应,合成产物经红外谱图分析为植物油酰二乙醇胺,将它和功能单体作为复合二元醇组分,与TDI/HDI二异氰酸酯复合组分逐步加成聚合再经中和成盐,得到水溶性聚氨酯树脂,该树脂用作主成膜物与水复合溶剂及优质的颜料(染料)、填料和助剂复配,得到可用于丝网印染的常温交联型水性聚氨酯涂料.     

The effect of Allium sp. on the extension of lipolysis and proteolysis in Van herby cheese during maturation

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of herb (Allium sp.) on biochemical changes of herby cheese produced in Turkey. Raw cows' milk was used for cheese manufacture. Five groups of cheeses, containing 0 (as control), 0.5, 1, 2, and 3% herb, were produced and coded as K, A, B, C, and D respectively. All cheese groups were ripened at 8 degrees C for 90 days. Samples were taken from cheeses after 3, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days, and analysed for lipolysis (as acid degree value) and proteolysis (water-soluble nitrogen, TCA-soluble nitrogen, and PTA-soluble nitrogen). It was found that lipolysis in herby cheeses increased with increasing herb addition, and the increase in lipolysis degree was significant (P < 0.05) in cheese D. Water-soluble N, TCA-soluble N, and PTA-soluble N as indicator of proteolysis degrees were affected significantly (P < 0.05) by increasing herb ratios.     

水溶性橘黄素的提取及稳定性研究

研究水溶性橘黄素提取工艺及其稳定性,旨在促进水溶性橘黄素的综合利用。通过单因素试验和正交试验确定从橘皮中提取水溶性橘黄素的最佳工艺:料液比1∶5(g∶mL),温度50℃,提取时间2.0h。在此最佳条件下,橘黄素提取液的吸光度值为2.661。稳定性试验表明:温度、金属离子、常见食品添加剂、常见氧化剂对水溶性橘黄素影响不大。     

Composition and characterization of cordyxanthins from Cordyceps militaris fruit bodies

Fruit bodies of Cordyceps militaris are widely used as functional food in China, Southeast Asia and North America. Cordyceps carotenoids are the important active components in the fruit bodies. However, chemical composition and property of the cordyceps carotenoids are still unknown. In this study, the novel carotenoids from C. militaris fruit bodies were separated and identified as xanthophylls and named as cordyxanthin-I (2, 3, 2′, 3′-tetradehydro-18, 16′, 17′, 18′-tetranor-ε, ε-carotene-5, 5′, 1′ -triol), cordyxanthin-II (2, 3, 2′, 3′-tetradehydro-18, 1′, 16′, 17′, 18′-pentanor-ε, ε-carotene-5, 5′, -diol), cordyxanthin-III (2, 3, 2′, 3′-tetradehydro-18, 17′, 18′-trinor-ε, ε-carotene-5, 5′, -diol) and cordyxanthin-IV (2, 3, 2′, 3′-tetradehydro-18, 18′-dinor-ε, ε-carotene-5, 5′, -diol). The four cordyxanthins proved to be highly water-soluble and could be directly quantified at 447 nm with β-carotene as a standard. Compared with traditional cultivation, the contents of the four cordyxanthins could be significantly increased by treatment of pink light (2/3 of 620–630 nm + 1/3 of 450–460 nm).     

凹凸棒土与活性炭对水溶性染料的吸附研究

研究了凹凸棒土与活性炭对水溶性染料亚甲基蓝和弱酸艳蓝RAW的吸附作用，考察了各种因素对吸附效果的影响．结果表明：升高温度、增加pH值均有利于凹凸棒土对亚甲基蓝的吸附，不利于其对弱酸艳蓝RAW的吸附,温度升高，活性炭对2种染液的脱色率均有提高；酸性条件有利于活性炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附，而碱性条件有利于其对弱酸艳蓝RAW的吸附．达到同等处理效果，凹凸棒土用量明显少于活性炭,除活性染料外，凹凸棒土对其他染料的脱色性能均优于活性炭．     

Water-insoluble complexes of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase of alfalfa with pectin

The formation of water-insoluble complexes of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase with pectins was studied using gel-permeation chromatography and phase analysis. The decrease in the pectin charge density accompanying an increase of its esterification degree caused both the lowering of its content in the complex precipitate and the shift of pH value, corresponding to the maximum of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase subunit precipitation, towards the isoelectric point of the protein. The increase in ionic strength decreases the amount of pectin in the complex precipitate. Pectins with an exterification degree of 98% presumably form the soluble protein-pectin complexes. The evidence of fractionation of protein subunits accompanying the formation of soluble and insoluble complexes with pectin has been given. The results obtained suggest a principal role of the electrostatic factor in the formation of water-insoluble complexes of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase with pectins. The formation of water-soluble complexes of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase with pectin of a high esterification degree presumably occurs due to the forces of non-electrostatic origin.     

Lipid-protein interactions during dough development

Radionuclide-labelled glycerol triolein has been used to follow the fate of triglyceride lipids during the mixing of wheat flour doughs. After removal of residual free lipid by petrol extraction, initial fractionation of freeze-dried dough identified the acetic acid-soluble protein as being the only component involved significantly in work-induced lipid binding during dough development under nitrogen, and also in lipid release on admission of air. Very little labelled lipid was found in either the water-soluble proteins or the starch residue. Sub-fractionation of the acetic acid-soluble protein by ammonium sulphate precipitation from acetic acid-urea-cetyltrimethyl-ammonium bromide (AUC) solvent showed bound lipid to be distributed almost entirely between high-molecular-weight glutenin and protein which remained soluble in the AUC supernatant even in the presence of 20% ammonium sulphate. Precipitated gliadins contained very little labelled lipid. However, significant levels were found in classical ethanol-extracted gliadin, and were traced predominantly to the same supernatant-protein owing to its solubility in aqueous ethanol. Examination of this AUC-supernatant fraction showed it to contain a hitherto unreported protein which had a molecular weight of about 9000, was strongly complexed with tri-glyceride lipid on a 1:1 molar basis and showed a tendency to aggregate in solution. Its amino acid frequency was found to differ significantly from both glutenin and purothionin, the latter containing in particular very much more cysteine than the supernatant-protein. Representing 10% or more of the total gluten, this small, highly interactive protein is responsible for a significant, if not the major, part of lipid binding activity in dough and may well have a fundamental role in the formation of an insoluble glutenin structure through both —SH and hydrophobic interaction. Accordingly, the name ‘Ligolin’ is proposed, from the Latin ligare: to bind, to tie.     

Reaction of Nitrite with Ascorbic Acid or Ascorbic Acid-2-Derivatives

The decrease in free nitrite in aqueous solutions of nitrite and ascorbic acid (AsA), ascorbic acid-2-phosphate (AsA-2-P) or ascorbic acid-2-sulfate (AsA-2-S) was studied. Both AsA-2-P and AsA-2-S reacted with nitrite as did AsA. The rate of the reaction followed the order AsA > AsA-2-P > AsA-2-S. The reaction solution of AsA and nitrite did nitrosate cytochrome c and regenerate nitrite, but the reaction solution of nitrite with either AsA-2-P or AsA-2-S did not. When surimi with myoglobin added as a pigment was used as a model meat curing system, the addition of AsA-2-P and AsA-2-S did not participate in the reactions resulting in development of cured meat color.     

Investigating the mechanism of phenol photooxidation by humic substances

To probe the mechanism of the photosensitized loss of phenols by humic substances (HS), the dependence of the initial rate of 2,4,6-trimethylphenol (TMP) loss (R(TMP)) on dioxygen concentration was examined both for a variety of untreated as well as borohydride-reduced HS and C(18) extracts from the Delaware Bay and Mid-Atlantic Bight. R(TMP) was inversely proportional to dioxygen concentration at [O(2)] > 50 μM, a dependence consistent with reaction with triplet excited states, but not with (1)O(2) or RO(2). Modeling the dependence of R(TMP) on [O(2)] provided rate constants for TMP reaction, O(2) quenching, and lifetimes compatible with a triplet intermediate. Borohydride reduction significantly reduced TMP loss, supporting the role of aromatic ketone triplets in this process. However, for most samples, the incomplete loss of sensitization following borohydride reduction, as well as the inverse dependence of R(TMP) on [O(2)] for these samples, suggests that there remains another class of oxidizing triplet sensitizer, perhaps quinones.     

Inhibitory effect of dissolved silica on H₂O₂ decomposition by iron(III) and manganese(IV) oxides: implications for H₂O₂-based in situ chemical oxidation

The decomposition of H(2)O(2) on iron minerals can generate ?OH, a strong oxidant that can transform a wide range of contaminants. This reaction is critical to In Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO) processes used for soil and groundwater remediation, as well as advanced oxidation processes employed in waste treatment systems. The presence of dissolved silica at concentrations comparable to those encountered in natural waters decreases the reactivity of iron minerals toward H(2)O(2), because silica adsorbs onto the surface of iron minerals and alters catalytic sites. At circumneutral pH values, goethite, amorphous iron oxide, hematite, iron-coated sand, and montmorillonite that were pre-equilibrated with 0.05-1.5 mM SiO(2) were significantly less reactive toward H(2)O(2) decomposition than their original counterparts, with the H(2)O(2) loss rates inversely proportional to SiO(2) concentrations. In the goethite/H(2)O(2) system, the overall ?OH yield, defined as the percentage of decomposed H(2)O(2) producing ?OH, was almost halved in the presence of 1.5 mM SiO(2). Dissolved SiO(2) also slowed H(2)O(2) decomposition on manganese(IV) oxide. The presence of dissolved SiO(2) results in greater persistence of H(2)O(2) in groundwater and lower H(2)O(2) utilization efficiency and should be considered in the design of H(2)O(2)-based treatment systems.