玉米薄饼贮藏品质分析及货架期预测模型建立

为探索玉米薄饼贮藏品质变化规律,以玉米粉和小麦粉为原料制备韧性玉米薄饼,研究玉米薄饼贮藏14 d内感官品质、理化指标、微生物指标、质构及老化特性的变化,探讨影响玉米薄饼贮藏品质变化的主要因素,建立玉米薄饼货架期预测模型。结果表明：贮藏在4、25 ℃和40 ℃ 3 种温度条件下,玉米薄饼的酸值、过氧化值、菌落总数、热焓值、b*值随贮藏时间的延长逐渐增大;韧性、延展性、L*值、a*值、感官评分逐渐降低。通过相关性分析得出菌落总数可以作为反映玉米薄饼贮藏货架期的品质因子,建立不同温度条件下菌落总数生长动力学模型及随贮藏温度变化的动力学模型,其准确因子为1.126～1.281,偏差因子为0.899～1.051。在此基础上建立韧性玉米薄饼货架期预测模型,预测值和实际值的相对误差为－4.10%～2.91%,模型能够快速可靠地预测饼的货架期,可为玉米饼及相关制品的工业化生产提供技术和理论依据。     

冷却猪肉货架期预测模型建立及验证

建立针对不同贮藏温度下冷却猪肉的货架期预测模型,为猪肉贮藏和物流过程中品质评价、货架期预测提供技术支持。分析了0,2,4,6,8,10℃不同贮藏温度下猪肉的挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、pH值、色差(a*)、水分活度(Aw)与感官评定结果的相关性,利用一级反应动力学方程和Arrhenius方程求得TVB-N变化反应的活化能(E0)为87.19 kJ/mol,指前因子(k0)为2.169×1014,速率常数k为2.169×1014e-87190/RT,在此基础上建立了以TVBN为指标的冷却猪肉货架期预测模型。在0,4,8,10℃贮藏条件下对TVB-N预测模型进行验证,相对误差均小于10%,准确度和偏差度均为1.03,在可接受范围内。TVB-N是预测冷却猪肉货架期的有效指标,用其建立的货架期预测模型准确实用。     

油炸裹糊牡蛎贮藏品质的变化与货架期预测

为探讨油炸裹糊牡蛎的货架寿命,以感官评分、pH、挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen, TVB-N）含量、菌落总数为指标,研究在4、15、25 ℃下贮藏的油炸裹糊牡蛎的品质变化规律,建立并验证油炸裹糊牡蛎在4～25 ℃贮藏温度下的货架期预测模型。结果表明:随贮藏时间的延长,油炸裹糊牡蛎的感官评分不断下降,pH呈先下降后上升的趋势,TVB-N含量和菌落总数不断增加,且贮藏温度越高,变化越快。感官评分与TVB-N含量的相关性较pH与菌落总数的高,以TVB-N含量作为关键品质指标,建立的油炸裹糊牡蛎货架期预测模型预测的货架期相对误差小于6%,可用于快速准确地预测4～25 ℃贮藏温度下油炸裹糊牡蛎的货架寿命。     

荸荠皮提取物对冷却猪肉保鲜效果的影响

为考察荸荠皮提取物对冷却猪肉货架期品质变化的影响,将冷却猪肉分别用0.2%,0.4%,0.6%和0.8%的荸荠皮提取液浸渍处理,并置于4℃贮藏,分别进行感官评价、理化(p H、TVB-N值、TBA值)及微生物(菌落总数)指标测定。结果表明,荸荠皮提取物对冷却猪肉具有明显的保鲜作用,能保持猪肉良好的感官品质,延缓各项指标的上升。0.8%的处理液保鲜效果最明显,能使猪肉的冷藏货架期延长至15 d。     

即食中华管鞭虾贮藏品质变化及其货架期研究

目的 探究贮藏期间,不同温度下(4、15、25和37℃)即食中华管鞭虾肌肉品质变化情况,并构建即食中华管鞭虾的货架期模型。方法 以即食中华管鞭虾为研究对象,测定不同温度下虾仁肌肉中挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen, TVB-N)含量、菌落总数、硫代巴比妥酸(thiobarbituric acid, TBA)值、色差、pH、持水力和感官评分变化,以虾仁肌肉TVB-N构建货架期模型。结果 随着贮藏时间的延长,不同温度下贮藏的即食中华管鞭虾肌肉TVB-N含量、菌落总数、TBA值和b*值均呈上升趋势;肌肉pH呈先下降后上升趋势;肌肉L*值和感官评分呈下降趋势,且贮藏温度越高,即食中华管鞭虾虾仁肌肉品质劣化越快。此外,受贮藏温度影响,4和15℃贮藏的虾仁肌肉持水力呈先上升后下降的趋势,而25和37℃贮藏虾仁肌肉持水力呈下降趋势。采用Pearson相关系数分析,确定了TVB-N含量和菌落总数为虾仁肌肉品质变化的关键性因子,其变化特征符合一级动力学模型。Arrhenius方程结果显示,虾仁TVB-N值的拟合精度更高,用TVB-N值建立货架期模型结果更为准确。通过模型验证发现,以虾仁肌肉TVB-N含量建立的货架期模型能够较为准确的预测其货架期。结论 贮藏温度升高会加速即食中华管鞭虾品质的劣化。4~37℃贮藏时,以虾仁肌肉TVB-N含量建立的货架期模型可较为准确地预测其货架期。     

仙草胶/酪蛋白复合膜对冷却猪肉保鲜效果的影响

研究了仙草胶/酪蛋白复合膜对鲜猪肉在冷藏期间保鲜效果的影响。测定了在(4±1)℃冷藏期间,经不同保藏处理(无覆膜保鲜、酪蛋白膜覆膜保鲜、仙草胶/酪蛋白复合膜覆膜保鲜)猪肉的挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)含量、硫代巴比妥酸反应(thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances,TBARS)值、色泽度(L*值、a*值、b*值和ΔE值)、韧性和菌落总数的变化情况。结果表明:仙草胶/酪蛋白复合膜处理组的冷却猪肉品质较其他两组好。经仙草胶/酪蛋白复合膜包裹的冷却猪肉在4℃下保存10 d后,其菌落总数、TVB-N值和TBARS值等指标仍在新鲜肉的标准范围内,其贮藏期比酪蛋白膜处理组和对照组分别延长了2 d和4d。这表明添加仙草胶可有效提高酪蛋白可食性膜的抗菌和抗氧化活性。利用仙草胶/酪蛋白复合膜包裹冷却猪肉能有效控制猪肉的TVB-N值、TBARS值、色泽和韧性的变化,减缓了贮藏过程中猪肉的脂肪氧化和菌落总数的上升,提高了冷却猪肉贮藏过程中的品质并延长货架期。     

牛肉玻璃化冻藏温度对肉品质的影响

利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)测量出牛肉玻璃态转化温度(glass transition temperature,T_g)为-14℃。将牛肉贮藏在-10℃(T_g)、-14℃(=T_g)、-18℃和-22℃(﹤T_g)条件下7个月,通过测定贮藏过程中颜色参数、嫩度、菌落总数、挥发性盐基氮(volatile base nitrogen,TVB-N)的变化研究玻璃态贮藏对牛肉品质的影响,并建立牛肉品质(TVB-N)的动力学模型,对货架期进行预测。结果表明,-14、-18、-22℃贮藏牛肉,随时间的延长,L*值较稳定,a*值先增大后减小,b*逐渐增大;-10℃L*值下降幅度大,a*值逐渐降低。4种贮藏温度下牛肉的剪切力均先增大后减小;菌落总数整体呈上升趋势;TVB-N值随贮藏时间的延长逐渐增加。根据Arrhenius方程,以TVB-N为指标建立预测冻藏牛肉货架期的动力学模型。得到Ea值为0.2 kJ/mol,指前因子K0为0.004 2。     

荧光假单胞菌和热杀索丝菌对低温贮藏期间猪肉品质变化的影响

为研究荧光假单胞菌和热杀索丝菌与猪肉品质变化的相关性,测定了在4 ℃下贮藏猪肉的微生物菌落数、pH值、色泽（L*、a*、b*值）、质构特性、总糖含量、总挥发性盐基氮（total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N）值和硫代巴比妥酸反应物（thiobarbituric acid reactive substances,TBARS）值以及通过扫描电子显微镜观察猪肉肌纤维微观结构的变化。结果表明,在冷藏期间,微生物菌落数、pH值、TVB-N值、TBARS值等随着猪肉冷藏时间延长而上升,而总糖含量、L*值、a*值、硬度、咀嚼性均呈降低趋势。同时,研究发现猪肉冷藏过程中微生物的生长繁殖使其肌纤维结构发生明显变化。猪肉理化品质变化与微生物的种类和生长速率相关,热杀索丝菌的致腐败能力高于假单胞菌。相关性分析结果表明,菌落数、pH值、总糖含量、TVB-N值、TBARS值与冷藏时间密切相关,其中微生物菌落数与冷藏时间的相关性最高,可作为冷藏猪肉品质评价和货架期预测的监测指标。     

大菱鲆微冻贮藏过程中的品质变化规律

以微生物、理化和感官为指标,对大菱鲆在-2℃微冻贮藏过程中的品质变化进行了研究。试验结果表明,大菱鲆在-2℃贮藏时其货架期可达到20 d。货架期终点时菌落总数为5.99 ln(CFU/g),pH值为6.88,TVB-N值为37.08 mg N/100 g,TBA值为1.81 mg MDA/kg。硬度、弹性和色差b*值与贮藏时间呈显著负相关。电子鼻LA分析结果与贮藏期鱼肉品质变化相吻合。     

南方大口鲶在微冻和冻藏条件下鲜度及品质的变化

为研究3种贮藏温度对南方鲶品质变化的影响,分别对微冻(-3℃)和冻藏(-18、-25℃)条件下南方大口鲶的菌落总数、pH、挥发性盐基氮(total volatile basic nitrogen,TVB-N)值、K值、色差值、弹性、硬度等指标的变化进行研究,并结合感官评价分析其新鲜度。结果表明:贮藏温度越低,各指标变化趋势越慢;随贮藏时间的延长,3种贮藏温度下南方大口鲶的感官评分、亮度值L*、弹性值及硬度值均不断降低,菌落总数、TVB-N、K值和黄蓝值b*均呈上升趋势,pH均呈先降低后增高的V型变化趋势。综合各指标的实验结果得到:南方鲶-3℃微冻贮藏下货架期为18 d;冻藏组在实验终点(60 d)并未出现腐败变质的情况;与微冻相比,冻藏能明显延长南方鲶的贮藏期。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.     

National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the "13~(th) Five-Year Plan"

In Apri Commi major p Plan＂ （h 2014, the National Development and Reform ssion issued an announcement for selection of reliminary research projects for the ＂13th Five-Year ereafter referred to as ＂The Announcement＂）     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the latest scientific     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,