制备万寿菊叶黄素技术研究进展

由于叶黄素(lutein)是自然界广泛存在的二羟基类胡萝卜素,也是人眼视网膜黄斑色素主要组成部分。叶黄素可有效预防并辅助治疗老年性黄斑退化病和白内障等眼部疾病,其在生物活性物质利用领域有广泛的应用前景。万寿菊是工业上提取分离叶黄素的理想工业原料。本文从万寿菊叶黄素提取专用品种、叶黄素分子结构及叶黄素稳定性等6个方面综述了近年来国内外有关万寿菊叶黄素的研究工作,并进行了前景展望。     

万寿菊中叶黄素的生产技术及应用

介绍了万寿菊中叶黄素研究开发现状、化学组成、应用,探讨了万寿菊中叶黄素的提取和纯化方法,展望了万寿菊中叶黄素的开发应用前景。     

葵花籽油微乳液对万寿菊中叶黄素提取工艺优化

以万寿菊颗粒为原料,利用葵花籽油微乳液作为提取剂提取叶黄素。在单因素试验的基础上,进行响应面试验优化微乳提取万寿菊颗粒中叶黄素的工艺。结果表明:影响万寿菊颗粒中叶黄素提取率的顺序为时间固液比温度,温度和时间的交互作用对葵花籽油微乳提取万寿菊颗粒中叶黄素提取率的影响较为明显(P0.05);通过响应面的数据分析得到,万寿菊颗粒中叶黄素的最佳提取条件为固液比1∶61(g/mL)、温度40.00℃、时间96 min,此时叶黄素的实际提取率为0.86%。     

万寿菊花中叶黄素酯的提取及皂化工艺

叶黄素具有调节人体的免疫能力、防治老年性视黄斑退化和白内障等作用,目前天然叶黄素的提取原料主要为万寿菊花,万寿菊花的有机溶剂提取物含有大量叶黄素酯,经皂化后可转变为叶黄素,广泛用于食品、食品添加剂、药品及饲料等工业.本文采用甲醇处理万寿菊鲜花后直接用正己烷提取叶黄素酯,并通过L9 (34)正交实验选择了叶黄素酯皂化的最佳条件,即KOH/甲醇浓度为20%,提取液﹕KOH为4 : 1,时间为40min,温度为50℃时,叶黄素酯皂化进行的比较完全.皂化得到的叶黄素在丙酮﹕甲醇(v : v)为1 : 1的混合溶剂中进行重结晶,得到叶黄素晶体,纯度为97.2%.     

叶黄素树脂生产工艺参数的选择

根据生产实践讨论了以万寿菊干花颗粒为原料提取叶黄素树脂的主要生产工艺参数，介绍了叶黄素的一些特性。     

益生菌对万寿菊发酵品质及叶黄素含量的影响

万寿菊是提取叶黄素的天然原料，由于使用单一乳酸菌，发酵周期长，叶黄素损失量大，文章分别选用2种益生菌菌群(乳酸菌菌群、乳酸菌+芽孢杆菌菌群),采用2个接种量(2‰、5‰)发酵万寿菊鲜花，通过比较感官指标、温度、pH值、还原糖和叶黄素酯含量来研究益生菌对万寿菊鲜花发酵的影响。结果表明，发酵结束后，由乳酸菌发酵万寿菊的感官评价指标优于乳酸菌+芽孢杆菌菌群，乳酸菌对pH和还原糖含量的降低效果较好，5‰接种量发酵效果优于2‰。发酵57 h后，乳酸菌+芽孢杆菌菌群的发酵温度均高于乳酸菌，接种量越大，温度波动越小。5‰乳酸菌和2‰乳酸菌+芽孢杆菌菌群发酵万寿菊叶黄素酯含量保存效果较好。与常规万寿菊发酵效果相比，益生菌菌群发酵能够更好地缩短发酵周期，减少叶黄素酯的损失。     

宏基因组文库脂肪酶提取分离叶黄素晶体的工艺研究

以万寿菊油树脂为原料,采用源于宏基因组文库脂肪酶处理,有机溶剂萃取的方法提取叶黄素,研究优化此过程的工艺条件。实验表明:万寿菊油树脂的最适溶解介质为乙醇溶液,宏基因组文库脂肪酶的添加量为万寿菊油树脂的2.0%,水解时间为12min,水解温度为50℃,液料比7v/m,提取温度40℃。对此工艺进行验证叶黄素提取率可达94.8%,收率为84.6%;总类胡萝卜素的含量为87.2%,其中含全反式叶黄素91.2%,全反式玉米黄质5.6%。与普通酶法提取叶黄素的方法相比较,本研究所采用的宏基因文库脂肪酶的效率更高,制备的叶黄素含量和收率更高,此方法明显优于普通酶法。     

叶黄素（1utein）及其护眼功能

类胡萝卜素中有一种叶黄素，它广泛存在于绿色蔬菜和人体的血浆和眼球中。它不仅有和类胡萝卜素相似的抗氧化活性，而且对视网膜色斑褪化引起的视力下降和失明有明显的保护作用。目前在欧美以叶黄素为功能因子的护眼食品已大量商品化。鉴于从蔬菜中提取不仅含量低成本过于昂贵，成熟的技术是从叶黄素含量较高的万寿菊(金盏花)中提取。本文简要介绍叶黄素性质功用、不同来源含量以及国内外发展状况。     

叶黄素酯在体内消化吸收过程中水解的研究

叶黄素已经证实具有对视网膜黄斑衰退症的防治作用,被认为是一种在食品或药品中有前景的功能因子。叶黄素的制备原料为万寿菊的花,并以叶黄素酯的形式存在。在本研究中,首先从万寿菊干花颗粒中制备叶黄素酯,然后与食用油配制成灌胃液,给SD雄性大鼠一次灌胃,2h后采血,萃取其中的类胡萝卜素,HPLC分析萃取物。分析结果显示:在血清中只能检测到叶黄素单体。这个结果证实:叶黄素酯在消化和吸收过程中被水解成单体,客观上证明了在功能性食品和药品中直接应用叶黄素酯的可能性。     

叶黄素树脂生产工艺参数的选择

根据生产实践讨论了以万寿菊干花颗粒为原料提取叶黄素树脂的主要生产工艺参数,介绍了叶黄素的一些特性。     

叶黄素的视力保护作用及提取工艺

叶黄素(lutein)是一种含氧的类胡萝卜素,分布在黄斑区和整个视网膜,具有蓝光屏蔽和抗氧化功能,具有重要的保护视力的作用。本文介绍了叶黄素与黄斑变性、白内障的关系,揭示其对视觉发育及功能的影响,并总结了叶黄素的提取技术,通过示例探讨了提取条件优化及工艺特点,最后展望了黄素的及提取方法与市场前景。     

Lutein: a valuable ingredient of fruit and vegetables

Lutein is a human serum carotenoid which is not synthesized by humans and thus must be obtained by the ingestion of food containing it such as fruits and vegetables. Lutein is present in different forms in those foods as all-trans-lutein, cis-lutein, epoxi-lutein, and lutein linked to proteins. It discusses if the intake of lutein or diets supplemented with lutein or diets rich in fruits and vegetables are important in the prevention of diseases like some cancers, cardiovascular diseases, etc., that may be affected by the antioxidant effect of lutein; or in the prevention of age-related macular degeneration and other eye diseases. The concentration of lutein in fruits and vegetables depends on the species. We've included the concentration of lutein in 74 species reported by different authors since 1990. Currently the quantification of lutein is mainly performed by HPLC, but more investigations into a quantification method for lutein, lutein isomers, and epoxi-lutein are necessary. Improvement of lutein extraction methods is important as well. Methods commonly used in the vegetable and fruit industry like heat treatment, storage conditions, etc. can change lutein concentrations; other factors depend on the plant, for instance the variety, the stage of maturity, etc.     

A Biological Role of Lutein

Lutein, a non-provitamin A carotenoid, is found in dark green, leafy vegetables. Lutein, being fat soluble, follows the same intestinal absorption path as dietary fat and is affected by the same factors that influence fat absorption. Unlike β-carotene, another major carotenoid in diet and tissue, the bioavailability of lutein appears to be less influenced by food processing. Lutein has been strongly implicated as being protective against eye diseases, age-related macular degeneration, and cataracts. In the eye, lutein may act as a blue light filter to protect the underlying tissues from phototoxic damage. The mechanism by which lutein is involved in the prevention of eye diseases may also involve its role as an antioxidant. Dietary surveys indicate that average intakes of lutein in the United States may be below levels that are associated with disease prevention. Therefore, increased intakes of food sources rich in lutein may be warranted.     

叶黄素的提取及应用研究进展

叶黄素属于类胡萝卜素类色素,具有多种生物活性,是当今国际上研究的热点之一。叶黄素的提取技术较多,主要有溶剂抽提法、微波提取法、超临界CO2萃取法、酶介质有机溶剂提取等。近年发现其具有保护视力,预防动脉硬化,抗氧化,抗癌等作用。叶黄素的性状及提取方法,功能特性及其在饲料、食品、药品、保健品等中的应用进行综述。     

黄体素、玉米黄素及其生理功能研究现状

黄体素和玉米黄素是自然界广泛存在的类胡萝卜素 ,它们的抗氧化特性及生理保健功能正在日益受到关注。大量研究结果已证明了黄体素和玉米黄素在保护视力、预防心血管疾病和抗癌等方面的功能。本文对近年来关于黄体素和玉米黄素的生理功能的研究报道进行了综述     

叶黄素的提取、功效和应用研究进展

叶黄素属于类胡萝卜素色素之一,功效独特,具有多种生物活性,应用广泛,为当今国际上研究的热点之一.叶黄素的提取技术较多,主要有溶剂抽提法、微波提取法、超声波提取法、超临界CO2萃取法、酶介质有机溶剂提取等.随着进一步的深入研究,对于相关机理的认识将不断加深、技术手段迅速进步,叶黄素的功效作用机制将逐步被揭示,为更好地应用叶黄素而奠定基础.     

A Simple and Selective Analytical Procedure for the Extraction and Quantification of Lutein from Tomato By-Products by HPLC–DAD

Lutein, a yellow dihydroxylated carotenoid, is present in many dietary supplements due to its biological properties. Currently, lutein is extracted from marigold flowers by expensive and time-consuming processes. Since tomatoes contain significant levels of lutein, in this study we have examined the feasibility of using tomato by-products as an alternative, low-cost source of this carotenoid. The determination of this carotenoid was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection, after selective extraction from tomato waste product samples. Lutein levels ranged from 9.9 to 10.5 μg/g dry weight. Tomato waste products may be indicated as an alternative commercial source of lutein for food fortification and/or dietary supplements.