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加脂剂是制革生产中重要的化工材料之一,现代制革技术对加脂剂的品种、性能及质量都提出了越来越高的要求。本文较全面地综述了皮革加脂剂的种类及应用,尤其对国内外常用加脂剂和防水、低雾化性等多功能加脂剂的应用进行了详细的讨论。 相似文献
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低雾化值加脂剂是汽车和飞机装饰革生产中重要的化工材料,它不仅应满足一般加脂剂的综合性能指标,更强调其雾化性。本文介绍了以复合油脂为原料,通过化学改性和净化,制得低雾化值加脂剂,测定其雾化值,并与美国ATLAS公司的EUREKA975-ES产品进行了对比。 相似文献
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2.5 耐光性加脂剂
耐光性对皮革,特别是白色革和浅色革很重要.凡含有双键的加脂剂,其耐光性较差,因为可通过氯化和氢化反应使双键发生加成反应,经久置后颜色发暗,白色革则发黄.各种耐光性加脂剂分子键中含有不饱和双键.较好的耐光性加脂剂有氯化硫酸化油、氯化亚硫酸化油、氯磺酸化脂肪酸甲酯、氯磺酸化猪脂等.硬脂酸及其衍生物也具有理想的耐光性,但放置过程中会有白色油霜浮现在革面.90年代以后,这个加脂剂得到了近一步的发展.如徐州化工研究所[16]ECS皮革加脂剂,其适用于各种轻革及软革加脂,亦适用于羊毛皮加脂.加脂后的成革丰满、柔软、弹性好,手感舒适、光滑.加脂后的皮革和毛皮均不出现脂斑,无浮油,无油腻感,无异味.ESC加脂剂与天然油脂加脂剂、硫酸化天然油脂加脂剂相比,其突出的优点是高度耐光坚牢性和较好的抗自动氧化稳定性,而且比传统的硫酸化天然油脂稳定,是一种很受制革厂欢迎的新型高档白色革加脂剂. 相似文献
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在第2部分,我们采用了十八种不同类型的加脂剂对铬复鞣后的蓝湿皮进行加脂,然后分别进行温度和紫外光试验.评价了铬复鞣工序对皮革发黄、退鞣和六价铬形成的影响,并将所得的结果与没有进行铬复鞣的第1部分试验结果进行比较。温度试验结果表明.铬复鞣革的发黄程度比没有进行铬复鞣的革发黄程度低;对于收缩温度.尽管铬复鞣革的收缩温度有偏低的趋势,但不存在线性变化。在铬复鞣革中.六价铬的含量随着加脂剂种类不同而有所变化,这些被氧化的铬可能是来自于铬复鞣工序中残留的或者是结合不牢固的铬。对于皮革的耐紫外光性能,实验结果表明.铬复鞣革的发黄程度和收缩温度的降低幅度都相对较小根据以上实验结果.本文选择了八种加脂剂,与作为参照的硫酸化甘油三酸酯进行比较,考察了它们对皮革物理和感官性能影响,并为四种不同种类的皮革产品选择了最合适的加脂剂品种。 相似文献
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DLF—5两性皮革加脂剂,是丹东轻化工研究所研制并生产的。该产品外观为白色膏状液体,油脂含量为60%,具有较好的乳化性和较强的渗透性分散性能。我厂对该产品进行了应用试验和生产使用,均感到其加油效果比较理想,认为它是一种良好的皮革加脂剂。我们将DLF—5两性皮革加脂剂与部分阴离于加脂剂结合使用,对猪正软面革、猪劳保手套革、猪服装革及猪二层绒面服装革分别进行加油验证,从成品质量来看,加油 相似文献
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皮革加脂剂研制新进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
皮革加脂剂研制新进展魏竹波(中国日化所030001)皮革加脂剂是制革生产中用量最大的皮化材料,有关皮革加脂剂在动植物油加工产品、合成加脂剂、加脂剂新原料、各种离子型的加脂剂及多功能加脂剂的国内外研制新进展,作者已有文章介绍这些方面的情况(参见《皮革化... 相似文献
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《Contact lens & anterior eye》2020,43(6):602-608
PurposeTo estimate the prevalence of patient-reported midday fogging and to identify risk factors for midday fogging.MethodA multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted with an electronic survey that was distributed to scleral lens practitioners. The survey asked them to describe their most recently examined established scleral lens patient. Respondents provided data about patient-reported midday fogging, patient demographic characteristics, indication for lens wear, lens-wearing schedule, lens design, and care products.ResultsOf the 248 survey respondents who indicated whether their patients had midday fogging, 64 (25.8 %) had patients who self-reported such issues. Midday fogging was not associated with demographic characteristics (age, sex, race/ethnicity), indications for scleral lens wear, mean lens diameter (P = .30), haptic design (P = .29), use of a daily cleaner (P = .12), disinfection/storage solution used (P = .71), or filling solution (P = .65). Patients who reported midday fogging more commonly reported redness or irritation associated with scleral lens wear compared with those who did not experience midday fogging (P = .03).ConclusionsPrevalence of midday fogging in this study was similar to previously reported rates. No specific lens design or care product was associated with patient-reported midday fogging. If inflammatory mediators are elevated in the postlens fluid reservoir of patients with midday fogging, as previously described, the redness or irritation associated with scleral lens wear suggests that ocular surface inflammation may be contributing to this phenomenon. 相似文献
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Gonzalo A. Ojeda Sonia C. Sgroppo Noemí E. Zaritzky 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2020,55(2):660-668
Mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) is a highly perishable product and can be easily damaged when immersion in antibrowning solutions is performed; therefore, fogging application represents a less aggressive technique. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different antibrowning agents (ascorbic acid, sodium metabisulphite and L-cysteine) applied by two methodologies (immersion and fogging) on the quality of mushrooms during storage at 5 °C. Weight losses, microstructural organisation, colour and texture changes were evaluated as quality indicators. Polyphenol oxidase activity, phenolic content and antioxidant activity were also evaluated. Fogging achieved browning inhibition without major changes in firmness, while immersion treatments inhibited browning but significant changes in firmness were found. Browning inhibition achieved by fogging showed similar results when compared to the conventional immersion treatments. Fogging has the advantage of being less aggressive than immersion while requiring a significantly smaller amount of antibrowning solution than traditional immersion. 相似文献
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《Contact lens & anterior eye》2019,42(1):15-19
PurposeThe purpose of this survey was to better understand scleral lens (SL) practitioners’ fitting preferences and minor SL complications and their subsequent treatments.MethodPractitioners who attended the 2017 Global Specialty Lens Symposium were asked to complete an electronic questionnaire that was created by the investigators, a survey that asked practitioners about their SL fitting experience and preferences, their patients’ experience with poor SL wetting, SL fogging, ocular symptoms (redness, pain/discomfort, dryness), and blurred central and side vision, and how the practitioners treated these conditions.ResultsThis study analyzed data from 164 SL practitioners. The practitioners had been in practice for 16.3 ± 13.4 years, had been fitting SL for 5.5 ± 5.0 years, and fit 7.4 ± 7.1 SL/month. Practitioners preferred a SL with a final central corneal clearance of ∼200 μm and an overall diameter between 15.1 mm to 16.5 mm. Poor SL wetting (90.8% of practitioners documented condition), SL fogging (84.8%), blurred central vision (40.2%), ocular redness (34.8%), ocular dryness (24.4%), ocular pain/discomfort (20.7%), and blurred side vision (12.8%) were encountered by the practitioners. Practitioners preferred treating poor wetting and fogging with lens removal, cleaning, and reapplication, blurred central vision with a lens power change, blurred side (peripheral) vision, ocular redness, and ocular pain with a lens parameter change, and dryness with artificial tears.ConclusionsMost SL practitioners preferred a SL central corneal clearance of ∼200 μm, and they occasionally encountered SL-related complications in their practice, which they treated similarly to corneal gas permeable CLs. 相似文献
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该文采用水蒸馏法提取4种伞形科植物芫荽、莳萝、葛缕子和孜然的种子精油,将上述精油进行复配和纳米乳化处理,并用所得的复配精油纳米乳雾化处理马铃薯,研究其对马铃薯发芽的抑制效果,以及对马铃薯块茎活性氧和关键抗氧化物质含量及抗氧化酶活性影响。结果表明,复配精油纳米乳雾化能够明显抑制马铃薯块茎发芽,降低块茎过氧化氢含量,显著提高块茎的烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸磷酸(nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate,NADPH)和还原型谷胱甘肽含量,降低马铃薯块茎中总黄酮及总酚的含量;复配精油纳米乳雾化显著提高块茎部分关键抗氧化酶[过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT);超氧化物岐化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD);过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD);多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase,PPO)]的活性。由此可知,复配精油纳米乳通过调节马铃薯块茎关键抗氧化酶的活性和抗氧化物质含量来降低活性氧含量,从而延长马铃薯块茎的休眠期,达到抑制其发芽的效果。 相似文献
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《Contact lens & anterior eye》2019,42(1):36-42
PurposeThe purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate tear inflow in a scleral lens system using fluorophotometry, and indirectly assess the exchange of the tear reservoir in habitual scleral lens wearers with the presence or absence of midday fogging (MDF).MethodsHabitual scleral lens wearers (n=23) and normal scleral lens neophytes (n=10) were recruited. Of the 23 habitual wearers, 11 of them experienced MDF and 12 did not have a diagnosis of MDF. Contact lens-fitting characteristics were evaluated using ocular coherence tomograpy (OCT) and biomicroscopy. High molecular weight fluorescein (FITC) Dextran was instilled into the tear reservoir beneath the scleral lens, and the tear fluid fluorescein concentration was measured using the Fluorotron fluorophotometer. Calculated fluorescein concentrations were plotted over time to measure the fluorescein decay rate of the tear fluid beneath the scleral lens, which was used to calculate the tear exchange rate.ResultsThere was no significant difference in tear inflow between the MDF group (mean: 0.111%) and the non-MDF group (mean: 0.417%), and there was a high amount of variability seen in the rates (p = 0.26). In addition, there was no significance between the tear reservoir thickness in the MDF (283um) and non-MDF (326um) groups (p = 0.53).ConclusionsThe relationship between the amount of tear exchange during scleral lens wear and the incidence of MDF was not significant. Additional studies are needed to further examine the role of tear exchange in MDF and address the causes of variability to improve measurement techniques with fluorophotometry in the scleral lens system. 相似文献
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M.A. Delele B. VorstermansP. Creemers A.A. TsigeE. Tijskens A. SchenkU.L. Opara B.M. Nicolaï P. Verboven 《Journal of food engineering》2012,109(1):87-97
To study the operation of postharvest storage fungicide fogging systems, a CFD model was used. The modelling was based on an Eulerian-Lagrangian multiphase flow model. The effect of air circulation rate, circulation interval, bin design, stacking pattern and room design on deposition of fungicide was investigated. Air circulation rates of 0 m3 h−1 (no circulation), 2100 and 6800 m3 h−1 were used. Interval circulation of air was also investigated. The highest fungicide deposition was observed during fogging without circulation while the lowest deposition corresponded to fogging with the highest circulation rate. For the considered on/off combination times, the effect of circulation interval on overall average deposition and uniformity was not significantly different from the case of fogging with continuous air circulation. Bin with higher vent hole ratio and the presence of air deflector increased the amount and uniformity of deposition. Good agreement was found between measured and predicted results of deposition of fungicide particles. 相似文献
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M.A. Delele B. VorstermansP. Creemers A.A. TsigeE. Tijskens A. SchenkU.L. Opara B.M. Nicolaï P. Verboven 《Journal of food engineering》2012,108(1):59-68
Postharvest treatments of fruits in storage rooms using a fogging system is a recent development that offer a promising means to reduce the use of fungicides in the orchards, where ecological and environmental risks are higher than in the closed environment of the storage room. To investigate the effectiveness of postharvest storage fungicide fogging systems, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed and validated. A discrete element (DE) method was applied to generate a random stacking of spherical fruits in a typical bin. The CFD model was then employed to study explicitly the air and fungicide particle flow through the bin vent holes and through the voids of the stack, and to predict the deposition behaviour of the fungicide particle on the products. For model validation purposes, a standardized set-up was used with a single fruit bin positioned in a cold store that was operated at different air flow rates. Good agreement was found between measured and predicted results of deposition profiles of fungicide particles. The deposition on the top layer of the fruit stack was higher than the bottom one, and higher deposition was observed on the top sides than on the bottom sides of the fruit.The effect of air flow rates and different bin handling parameters on fungicide particles flow and deposition were investigated. Air circulation rates of 0 m3 h−1 (no air circulation), 4080 m3 h−1 and 6800 m3 h−1 and 9520 m3 h−1 were used. The highest fungicide deposition on the fruit was observed during fogging without air circulation while the lowest deposition corresponded to fogging with the highest air circulation rate. Covering the top of the bin with foil and removing the bottom plastic foam that is usually placed on the bottom floor of the bin improves the uniformity of fungicide deposition throughout the bin. Removing the bottom plastic liner increased the average deposition of the fungicide particles, while covering the top of the bin decreased the average deposition. 相似文献