毛细管电泳分离啤酒废酵母中4种5’-核苷酸

研究了毛细管区带电泳法同时测定啤酒酵母RNA的4种5’-核苷酸降解产物的适宜条件。应用57cm熔融石英毛细管柱、25kV分离电压、5s进样，在260nm检测波长下，以0．008mol／LNa2HPO4溶液（pH9．79）作运行缓冲溶液，5min内可实现对AMP、CMP、GMP、UMP的基线分离及定量测定。4种5’-核苷酸的检出范围分别为2mg／L～180mg／L、2mg／L～180mg／L、2mg／L～200mg／L、4mg／L～200mg／L，回收率超过97％。方法重现性高，定量实验的相对标准偏差（RSD）为0．57％～1．09％，保留时间的相对标准偏差为0．18％．-0．29％。     

啤酒酵母RNA降解产物5′-核苷酸的高效液相色谱分析

研究了高效液相色谱法同时测定啤酒酵母RNA降解产物4种5′-核苷酸的适宜条件。应用Hypersil ODS2色谱柱,在260nm检测波长下,以0．08mol／L KH2PO4缓冲溶液（pH2.5）作流动相,10min内可完成CMP、UMP、AMP、GMP含量的同时测定,最小检测限分别为0．2mg／L、0．2mg／L、0．1mg／L和0．3mg／L,平均回收率分别为99．21％、100．39％、100．07％和99．88％,相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为2．27％、2．83％、2．05％和1．85％。     

超高效液相色谱法快速检测乳粉中维生素A方法的研究

本文建立了超高效液相色谱法快速测定乳粉中维生素A的方法。采用紫外检测器,Waters公司的T3柱,以甲醇-水（97：3,V／V）为流动相,流速0．2mL／min,波长为325nm,测定一个样品只需2min。结果表明：该方法的回收率为：94．0—101.2％。RSD（n=6）为：2．94％。标准曲线相关系数R为0．9999。检出限为：0．1ug／100g。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定家禽组织中硝基呋喃类抗生素代谢物残留的研究

本文建立了用高效液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS-MS）测定禽肉组织中3-氨基-2-唑烷基酮（AOZ）、5-甲基吗啉-3-氨基-2-唑烷基酮（AMOZ）、氨基脲（SEM）和1-氨基-2-内酰脲（AHD）4种硝基呋喃类抗生素代谢物的方法。0．2mol／L盐酸水解禽肉组织中与蛋白结合的硝基呋喃代谢物，用2-硝基苯甲醛（2-NBA）37℃衍生16h。上清液调pH=7．4后，用LiChrolut EN固相萃取柱净化，乙酸乙酯洗脱，流动相定容。采用电喷雾电离，正离了扫描，多反应监测（MRM）模式检测，标准曲线用空白禽肉样品添加标准与样品同步操作获得并用其进行外标定量。在添加浓度0．5～10μg／kg范围内，四种代澍物的平均回收率在70．2％～89．1％，检出限AMOZ、AOZ为0．1μg／kg，SEM、AHD为0．2μg／kg。10次测定结果相对标准偏差在5．59％～10．10％之间。     

高效液相色谱法测定酱油中呈味核苷酸

利用高效液相色谱法测定酱油中呈味核苷酸二钠盐的含量。以醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液（pH4．5）配制流动相，等梯度洗脱，254nm波长，Hypersil-ODS反相色谱柱，在20min内分离测定酱油中呈味核苷酸二钠盐的含量。结果表明：肌苷酸二钠和鸟苷酸二钠的保留时间和峰面积的相对标准偏差分别为4．0％-4．6％，峰面积与进样量之间的线性关系数分别为0．9999，标准加入回收率平均为100．06％。     

新鲜果蔬中β-胡萝卜素的快速测定

选用胡萝卜、番茄和红辣椒三种常见新鲜果蔬作为供试品，采用无水乙醇匀浆、脱水，丙酮提取一直接定容的方法制备供试品溶液，使用高效液相色谱法测定供试品中β-胡萝卜素的含量。结果表明：三种供试品中β-胡萝卜素的含量分别为0．841、0．067、0．260mg／100g平均加标回收率为95．45％（RSD=1．41％，n=5）、97．17％（RSD=0．94％，n=5）、97．54％，（RSD=0．86％，n=5）。此方法结果准确、方便快捷、重复性好，可用于多种新鲜果蔬中β-胡萝卜素含量的快速测定。     

不同季节桑叶中1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)含量的测定

建立了柱前荧光衍生-高效液相色谱法测定桑叶中1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ)含量的方法。并对不同生长季节桑叶药材的DNJ含量进行测定。桑叶经0．05mol／L盐酸提取，在pH8．5的硼酸盐缓冲液条件下，用芴甲氧酰氯(FMOC-Cl)与DNJ反应生成荧光产物，然后用高效液相色谱-检测器测定。流动相为乙腈-0．1％醋酸(55：45，V／V)；流速：1．0ml／min；柱温25℃；荧光检测器激发波长254nm，发射波长322nm。线性范围为0．567～34ug／ml(r=0．9999)，平均回收率为97．2％。测定结果表明，桑叶中DNJ含量与生长季节、温度有关，七、八月份DNJ含量最高。该方法准确、灵敏度高，重现性好，可用于桑叶中DNJ的定量分析。     

超高效液相色谱法快速测定纺织品中的1-萘胺和2-萘胺

采用超高效液相色谱技术对纺织品中1-萘胺和2-萘胺进行了分离测定,建立了纺织品中1-萘胺和2-萘胺的高效液相色谱测定方法。试验结果表明,该方法线性范围为0．1～50mg／L,回收率为93．53％～101．95％,精密度为1．10％～2．50％,在5／N=3的条件下,检出限为0．01mg／L。该方法能解决禁用偶氮染料测试中2-萘胺的假阳性结果问题。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定茶叶中12种农药残留的方法

用气相色谱-质谱仪研究同时测定茶叶中12种农药残留的测定方法。分析样品经粉碎、浸泡，用丙酮-正己烷(1：4，V／V)AA，经活性炭柱和弗罗里硅土柱净化，乙醚-丙酮-正己烷(4：4：2，V／V／V)洗脱后，以环氧七氯为内标，GC／MS测定。经过对茶叶加标的回收实验，证实具有快速灵敏简便的优点，适用于多种农药残留分析。其平均回收率在75%-110％，变异系数下于21％，最低检测限为0．01-0．5mg／kg。     

微波辅助萃取-气相色谱法测定茶叶中多种有机氯和拟除虫菊酯农药残留

建立了茶叶中18种有机氯和9种拟除虫菊酯农药残留微波辅助萃取．气相色谱分析方法。运用正交设计法对微波萃取条件进行了优化,茶叶样品用正己烷-二氯甲烷混合溶N（1：2,V／V）进行萃取,萃取液用弗罗里硅土和中性氧化铝混合层析柱净化,采用J＆WDB-1701毛细管柱分离,GC．ECD法同时测定。在0．4、0．2、0．1ml（0．5μg／m1有机氯农药＋1．0μg／ml拟除虫菊酯农药）三个水平添加时的平均回收率（n=5）分别为80．9％～118．5％、88．4％～120．7％、80．9％～116．3％;相对标准偏差分别为2．09％～6．70％、1．89％～6．49％、1．98％～11．87％。该方法的检出限为：有机氯农药0．0004～0．0048mg／kg,拟除虫菊酯农药0．0033～0．0400mg／kg。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.