光叶楮杆芯的化学成分、组织结构和细胞形态

光叶楮杆芯化学成分、组织结构和细胞形态的研究表明:它具有阔叶木的一些特点,同时又具有非木材纤维原料的一些特征.与三倍体毛白杨等一般的造纸用阔叶材和麦草相比,光叶楮杆芯抽出物及戊聚糖含量较高,细小组分含量也较高.光叶楮木质部为散孔材,纤维长宽比小,粗度大;杆芯由导管(单孔、两孔和三孔组成)、木纤维、木射线薄壁细胞(两列或三列排列)和髓芯薄壁细胞组成.     

新疆博斯腾湖芦苇特性及其APMP制浆研究

测定了新疆博斯腾湖芦苇的纤维形态和化学组成,发现其纤维平均长度大于其他产地的芦苇,综纤维素含量高,1%NaOH抽出物和戊聚糖含量低.探讨了NaOH用量、H2O2用量、挤压预处理及磨浆过程对新疆博斯腾湖芦苇APMP浆料性能的影响,优选出芦苇APMP制浆的适宜预处理工艺条件.结果表明,经过两段碱性过氧化氢预处理,然后磨浆至打浆度64°SR时,可制得白度57.8%ISO、裂断长2.82km、撕裂指数3.7 mN·m2/g的芦苇APMP.     

水预水解提取半纤维素对桉木碱法制浆的影响

研究了150℃和160℃下4种反应时间桉木片热水预处理对半纤维素预提取及后续烧碱-蒽醌法和硫酸盐法制浆的影响.结果表明,热水预处理对半纤维素水解糖提取效果显著,戊聚糖提取率在27%～43%.与未预处理木片相比,预处理后木片综纤维素含量降低约12%,木素含量下降了11%,苯-醇抽出物和1%NaOH抽出物含量均大幅度上升.木片经热水预处理后,碱法制浆性能提高,易成浆,可降低用碱量,缩短蒸煮保温时间,而且与原木片碱法制浆相比,相近蒸煮条件下浆料卡伯值下降7～10个百分点,浆料己烯糖醛酸含量下降75%～95%,原浆白度升高4～6个百分点,黏度有小幅度降低,得率下降1.5～4.5个百分点.     

龙须草预处理及其对烧碱-蒽醌蒸煮的影响

分别采用冷热水、冷热碱及其组合8种方式对龙须草进行预处理,处理后的龙须草进行原料化学成分分析,并进行烧碱-蒽醌蒸煮。结果表明:预处理后原料的灰分含量、1%NaOH抽出物、酸溶木素含量降低,酸不溶木素、聚戊糖含量增加。制浆结果表明,预处理可使浆料卡伯值降低。显著提高了未漂浆的白度,降低了黑液中的SiO2含量。8种预处理方式中,热碱预处理效果最好,热碱预处理工艺为:5%用碱量,煮沸10min。     

三倍体毛白杨P-RC APMP制浆过程中浆料化学成分变化

本文对速生阔叶木三倍体毛白杨在P—RC APMP制浆过程中各化学成分的变化进行了研究。结果表明，在P—RC APMP制浆过程中，原料中的木素、聚戊糖、苯醇抽出物和1％NaOH抽出物均有所溶出，各种成分在各制浆段的溶出比例也有所不同，其中木素的溶出主要发生在预处理段和磨浆段，而聚戊糖在磨浆过程中大量溶出，木素和聚戊糖的溶出是得率下降的主要原因。     

芦苇APMP性能和化学组分变化的研究

探讨了NaOH和H2O2对芦苇机械浆的物理性质的影响,对苇片(浆)化学组分在制浆过程的变化进行了考察.实验结果表明,各化学组分在制浆过程中发生了较大的变化,其中1%NaOH抽出物由原料的29.50%下降到成浆的17.45%,苯醇抽出物由3.11%下降到1.06%,木素由24.36%下降到20.16%,戊聚糖由19.76%下降到15.61%.同时,芦苇APMP的白度不断上升,达到55.9%ISO,而得率逐渐下降,最后纸浆得率为79.9%.     

人工种植构树的材性特点及制浆性能研究

对人工种植构树的化学成分、材性特点、纤维形态及制浆性能进行了研究。结果表明,人工种植构树韧皮部果胶含量较高,达11.67%;皮、杆的冷、热水抽出物及1%NaOH抽出物均比杨木高出几倍;韧皮部纤维平均长度为7.45 mm,而木质部仅为0.58 mm。木质部采用NaOH-AQ法制浆,KMnO4值19.6时,粗浆得率为49.7%;原浆KMnO4值16.6、有效氯用量8.0%时,浆料白度可达到65.7%ISO。木质部采用两段浸渍工艺制APMP,浆料白度能达到72.5%ISO,打浆度49°SR的浆料抄纸后的浆张裂断长为4.65 km。     

大麻芯秆的碱-H2O2机械法制浆特性--造纸大麻芯秆和纺织大麻芯秆的比较

讨论了造纸大麻芯秆（PHW）和纺织大麻芯秆（SHW）的碱-H2O2机械法制浆（APMP）特性。实验的结果表明，与PHW相比SHW的热水抽物及1%NaOH抽出物明显较低，而苯醇抽出明显较高，半纤维素及灰分含量略低，木素和综纤维素含量则大体相当。经过相同的APMP制浆过程，二者各种成分的变化趋势大体相同，但变化的幅度不同，与PHW的APMP相比，SHW的APMP木素含量较高，而综纤维素含量较低，成纸的抗张强度、耐破强度和撕裂强度均较低。     

蓝桉碱性亚钠化机浆磺化预处理废水的特性及污染负荷

对蓝桉原料进行了分析试验,蓝桉1%NaOH抽出物中除了溶出热水抽提出的物质外,还可溶出部分木素、戊聚糖、己聚糖、树脂及糖醛酸等.通过5个试样的桉木模拟CTMP制浆废水提取试验,以及对所得废水的特性及CODc r及BOD5负荷进行分析测定,结果表明:NaOH用量的增加会使废水污染负荷加大.同时探讨了不同工艺条件对废水色度的影响关系,各组试验的色度值在4050～23600C.U.之间,色度值主要取决于NaOH的用量.     

苇浆打浆工艺探讨

为改善原料结构，提高产品质量，从2000年起我公司大量购进东北优质芦苇。由于东北气候寒冷，所产芦苇高度一般都在2m以下，茎秆直径小于1cm，穗小叶少，除尘率低得率高，蒸出的浆料白度高且尘埃少，适合于抄造优质文化用纸。为改化学组分分析：灰分4.2%，热水抽出物5.5%,1%NaOH抽出物32.2%,木素含量21.2%,纤维素含量55.5%,聚戊糖含量21.1%。为改蒸煮工艺：在麦草蒸煮工艺的基础上，采用高用碱量、小液比和适当延长蒸煮时间的方案，蒸出的浆料打浆度22～24°SR，湿重2.2g以上。为改开始苇浆打浆按草浆的打浆机理，采用轻刀疏解的方法，但…     

芦苇APMP牲能和化学组分变化的研究

探讨了NaOH和H2O2对芦苇机械浆的物理性质的影响，对苇片（浆）化学组分在制浆过程的变化进行了考察。实验结果表明，各化学组分在制浆过程中发生了较大的变化，其中1％NaOH抽出物由原料的29．50％下降到成浆的17．45％，苯醇抽出物由3．11％下降到1．06％，木素由24．36％下降到20．16％，戊聚糖由19．76％下降到15．61％。同时，芦苇APMP的白度不断上升，达到55．9％ISO，而得率逐渐下降，最后纸浆得率为79．9％。     

竹子SCMP碱抽出物的UV和GC-MS分析及其对过氧化氢漂白的影响

竹子SCMP(磺化化学机械浆)碱抽出物的紫外光谱和GC-MS分析及其对过氧化氢漂白影响的研究结果表明,短链小分子类、酚类和脂肪酸类是竹子SCMP碱抽出物的主要成分。其中酚类物质是最主要的组分,其溶出量随碱抽提过程中NaOH用量的增加而增多,同时竹子SCMP过氧化氢漂白浆的白度也明显提高,NaOH用量3.5%时,白度最大上升了5.83%ISO,PC值降低了55.7%。这部分酚类物质易于生成颜色较深的共轭结构,是造成竹子SCMP难以漂白的一个重要原因。     

脂肪酶和酯酶去除废纸浆中胶黏物效果的比较

选取一种脂肪酶、两种酯酶处理废纸浆料,并在酶处理后进行浮选脱墨,考察酶处理后废纸浆中胶黏物的去除效果;测定了酶处理前后废纸浆的四氢呋喃抽出物的结构和相对分子质量变化。结果表明,脂肪酶a和酯酶b、c在最佳用量时,脂肪酶a和酯酶c对废纸浆中胶黏物的去除率分别达到46%和59%;一段浮选后,残余油墨浓度分别降低了310 mg/kg、411 mg/kg和385 mg/kg,纸浆白度分别增加了6.9、7.4和7.3个百分点。与脂肪酶相比,酯酶对废纸浆中胶黏物的降解及后续浮选脱墨具有明显优势。凝胶渗透色谱和红外光谱分析表明,经脂肪酶或酯酶处理后,四氢呋喃抽出物的相对分子质量均有明显下降,酯键发生了断裂。此外,酶处理不会对浆料的物理性能产生不利影响。     

菊芋秆资源在造纸工业的利用

对菊芋秆的纤维特性、化学成分及制浆造纸性能进行了研究。研究结果表明：菊芋秆纤维平均长度为0．72mm，最大值为2．21mm，最小值为0．22mm。菊芋秆的聚戊糖含量为16．08％，综纤维素为62．59％，均比人工构树木质部低5％～11％。采用NaOH-AQ法制浆，制浆得率为51％；以10％的有效氯用量漂白KMnO4值为15．5的浆料，浆料白度可达到70．21％ISO。采用化学预浸渍工艺制浆，其磨浆得率为88．7％，配入20％进口#11废旧箱纸板抄纸，成纸的裂断长达到了7．65Km／4．03km（纵／横），环压强度为257.0N／m／187．0N／m．     

Zum Recycling von Span- und MDF-Platten

In part 1 of the work (Franke and Roffael 1998) investigations were carried out on the influence of thermal hydrolysis of UF-bonded particle- and medium density fibreboards (MDF). The degradation of UF-resins was followed up, the change of the pH-value in the water extractives, the yield and the pentosan content of the lignocellulosic material were also assessed. Due to thermal hydrolysis the pH-value of water extractives increases and their alkaline buffering capacity decreases? Moreover, it was shown that UF-resins have a relatively high resistance towards hydrolysis. In this part of the work investigations were conducted on the formaldehyde release at different test temperatures. Further, the influence of thermal treatment of the disintegrated baords on the ammonia release was assessed. Moreover, the change of the pH-value of the extractives was determined. For comparison particles from round pinewood were included in the investigation.     

三倍体毛白杨木材特性分析及CTMP制浆

对三倍体毛白杨全材和心材的化学组成差异,CTMP制浆的影响因素,特别是化学处理过程的工艺参数对CTMP制浆的影响进行了研究。三倍体毛白杨全材的综纤维素含量高于心材,而木素和苯醇抽出物的含量低于心材。NaOH用量影响着白度、得率、筛渣、羧基和磺酸基含量、松厚度和浆料强度;Na2SO3用量主要影响白度和磺酸基含量;提高温度能够增加浆料的强度,而延长化学预处理时间可以降低浆料中纤维束（筛渣）。三倍体毛白杨CTMP在碱性过氧化氲漂白过程中具有良好的可漂性。     

Wood adhesives fromPinus radiata bark

Conditions for extracting bark of radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) were examined with the purpose of obtaining high yield and high quality extractives for wood adhesives. A four-stage squeeze extraction comprising a two-stage extraction with hot water and one-stage extraction with NaOH aqueous (pH 8.3) solution followed by a one-stage washing with hot water doubled the extractives yield obtained by the first two-stage hot water extraction alone and resulted in a total extractives yield of 30% from commercially available samples of the radiata pine bark. Furthermore, high purity of polyflavanoids in the extractives was obtained by the four-stage squeeze extraction and viscosity reduction was achieved by sulphitation of the insoluble fraction of the extractives. Subsequently, unfortified plywood adhesives of sufficiently high quality to satisfy the requirements for Type A bond (fully weather and boil proof) were readily formulated from the high yield extractives.     

Characteristics of Pleurotus sp. TD36 and its ability to reduce wood extractives in pretreatment for pulping

Lipophilic extractives of wood cause pitch deposition during pulp and paper production, leading to serious economic losses and environmental pollution. Natural seasoning of wood material before pulping can reduce wood extractives, but there is no control of the pulp yield and quality. Pretreatment of the wood chips with selected fungi is regarded as better controlled seasoning with effective removal of problematic extractives. Commercially available fungal preparations are effective mostly for softwood, but not quite suitable for Acacia mangium and hybrid hardwood—the main pulpwood of Vietnam. In this paper, a fungal isolate TD36 was identified as white-rot basidiomycete Pleurotus sp. TD36 based on the biological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis. Having high activity of ligninolytic enzymes, amylase and protease, Pleurotus sp. TD36 was able to degrade lignin-like compounds (guaiacol, Remazol Brilliant Blue), starch and casein. Degradation of wood extractives was evaluated by laccase and sterol esterase assays of the fungus in shake flask cultures and in pretreatment of Acacia wood chips. Favorable conditions for wood pretreatment were selected, including: inoculum size, 1% v/w; wood moisture, 60% v/w; temperature, 28–30 °C and 30 days. Under such conditions, Pleurotus sp. TD36 removed about 68?±?2.75% of wood acetone extractives soluble in chloroform. Of that, about 73–89% of fatty acids and fatty alcohols, 76% of free sterols and 63% of sterol ester, were removed. Fungal pretreatment did not significantly affect the cellulose content of wood and Kraft pulp yield.