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1.
黄粒米中黄曲霉毒素B_1的调查吉林粮食高等专科学校王晓英前言1995年夏,长春市售部分大米黄粒米含量高达10%左右,超过国家标准。随着有关黄曲霉毒素知识的普及,部分人误认为黄粒米是黄曲霉污染所造成,黄粒米含有黄曲霉毒素,甚至误认为黄粒米会致癌。为了澄?..  相似文献   

2.
二氧化氯对霉变玉米黄曲霉毒素B1脱毒效果的研究   总被引:10,自引:3,他引:7  
张勇  朱宝根 《食品科学》2001,22(10):68-70
霉变染有黄曲霉毒B1(AFB1)的玉米,用低浓度(250μg/ml)二氧化氯浸泡30-60min,能有效地解除AFB1的毒性。比较了二氧化氯作用时间及不同产地产品脱毒效果的差异,对二氧化氯的解毒功效及其使用安全性也作了探讨。  相似文献   

3.
评估粉碎粒径对黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)测定的影响,改进样品制备方法,提高现行国标检测方法对玉米原粮样品AFB1测定结果的重复性。以天然AFB1阳性玉米为实验材料,采用分级制备方式得到不同粒径范围的四个级别样品,使各级样品的粒径分布差异最大化,通过各级别样品中AFB1测定值及变异系数评估样品制备对AFB1测定值的影响,得到最佳样品制备要求和称样量,进行验证。样品粉碎后的不同粒径样品与该部分的AFB1含量成反比;当称样量为5 g时,应将样品粉碎至全部通过0.6 mm网筛;当称样量为10 g时,应将样品粉碎至全部通过0.9 mm网筛,以使检测结果重复性符合GB/T 32465—2015《化学分析方法验证确认和内部质量控制要求》的要求。研究结果兼顾AFB1测定准确性与操作效率,可扩大应用于其他真菌毒素的检测,对完善食品中真菌毒素检测方法具有参考意义。  相似文献   

4.
玉米是我国重要的食品和饲料原料,当收获、加工和储藏等措施不当时,可能会造成黄曲霉毒素B1(aflatoxin B1,AFB1)污染玉米这一突出问题,AFB1已被国际癌症机构定为1级致癌物。尽管目前已建立了一些物理、化学和生物降解AFB1的方法,但高效、安全、经济的绿色降解方法仍很少。本研究以AFB1污染的玉米为试样,研究臭氧对玉米中AFB1的降解效果。结果表明:AFB1降解率随着臭氧质量浓度的增加和处理时间的延长而显著提高;当水分质量分数为20.37%的玉米经90 mg/L的臭氧处理40 min后,AFB1含量由77.6 μg/kg降低到21.42 μg/kg,降解率达72.4%。臭氧降解AFB1的动力学模拟结果表明,臭氧降解AFB1符合一级动力学模型。玉米中AFB1降解速率常数按以下次序递减:k90 mg/L>k65 mg/L>k40 mg/L。实验得到臭氧降解AFB1的动力学方程、反应速率常数、决定系数和半衰期,为最优地控制臭氧降解AFB1的反应条件奠定了理论和实践基础,也为臭氧降解AFB1污染玉米的应用提供了技术保障。  相似文献   

5.
热处理对玉米粉中黄曲霉毒素B1含量变化的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
张超 《中国粮油学报》2012,27(11):10-13
黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)是霉菌的次级代谢产物,是玉米的主要污染物之一,对人类和家畜的健康均有较大危害。研究热处理对玉米粉中黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)含量变化的影响,建立玉米粉中AFB1含量变化与处理条件的动力学模型。试验结果显示在热处理过程中,玉米粉中AFB1的残留率随着处理温度的升高而降低,随着处理时间的延长而降低。依据阿伦尼乌斯方程,玉米粉中AFB1含量变化属于一级反应,其活化能为42.2 kJ/mol,在100~200℃范围内,该模型可以有效预测玉米粉中AFB1在热处理过程中含量变化规律,模型预测值与实测值相关系数高于0.80。  相似文献   

6.
采用超高效液相色谱法对玉米中黄曲霉毒素B1的不确定度进行评估。根据CNAS-GL006-2018《化学分析中不确定度的评估指南》和JJF1059.1-2012《测量不确定度评定与表示》中的有关规定,建立测定玉米中黄曲霉毒素B1不确定度的数学模型,逐层对不确定度来源进行分析。通过对不确定度分量进行量化和合成,得出当玉米中黄曲霉毒素B1为3.60μg/kg时,其相对扩展不确定度为0.14μg/kg(k=2)。结果表明,影响检测结果的主要因素为样品非均匀性、回收率、校准过程及样品处理液定容;其量化结果分别为0.0140、0.009、0.007、0.0058。  相似文献   

7.
食品中黄曲霉毒素B1污染研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
张牧臣  郑楠  王加启 《食品科学》2018,39(7):312-320
农作物(包括玉米、小麦等)在生长、收获和储存的过程中,容易受到产毒真菌及其代谢毒物(霉菌毒 素)的污染;其加工形成的粮、油等食品及被污染饲料饲养所得的畜产品进入食物链后,易引发人类急、慢性中 毒。黄曲霉毒素B1是众多霉菌毒素中较常见且毒性较高的一种,过量摄入具有致癌、致畸形、免疫抑制等毒性效 应。本文综合国内外研究进展,从食品中黄曲霉毒素B1污染发生的来源及影响因素、黄曲霉毒素B1的分子结构与毒 性、致病机理、限量标准、风险评估及防控等方面对食品中黄曲霉毒素B1污染展开综述。  相似文献   

8.
以黄曲霉毒素B1(Aflatoxin B1,AFB1)含量为50μg/kg的花生油为原料,254 nm的紫外灯为光源,通过调节紫外照射强度、照射时间以及花生油的铺展厚度,研究不同条件下紫外照射对花生油中AFB1含量的影响.研究结果表明,紫外照射能显著降低花生油中AFB1含量,其残留量与照射强度和照射时间成正比,与油的铺...  相似文献   

9.
10.
黄曲霉毒素B1检测方法的分析   总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19  
黄曲霉毒素B1是一种致癌物质 ,许多国家已将其限量标准提高 ,黄曲霉毒素B1检测方法的检出限已因其毒性而提高 ,并已成为国际贸易中新的技术壁垒。文中介绍了黄曲霉毒素B1的几种常见检测方法 ,并对其特点及检出限进行了概括性的分析。  相似文献   

11.
ABSTRACT

Occurrence of aflatoxins (AFs) AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and ochra toxin A (OTA) was studied in 65 samples of stored and freshly harvested wheat, barley and maize collected in Tunisia. The mycotoxins were simultaneously extracted and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. Determination of AF-producing (section Flavi) and OTA-producing Aspergillus species (sections Nigri and Circumdati) was conducted in these samples by species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results showed that most of maize samples were contaminated with AFs, data after storage showing lower values than those collected at harvest. All contaminated maize samples contained AFG1 and AFG2, among which 27.78% also had AFB1 and AFB2. This AFs pattern was consistent with the A. parasiticus toxin profile. A. flavus however showed the highest frequency in maize but was also found in barley and wheat where no AFs were detected. In contrast, OTA was neither found in maize nor in barley and only one wheat sample contained OTA. A. niger was the only OTA-producing species detected.  相似文献   

12.
采用便携式真菌毒素快速定量检测仪对玉米中黄曲霉毒素B1和呕吐毒素进行定量检测,同时与酶联免疫法对比检测结果。结果显示黄曲霉毒素B1快速定量检测卡检出限为1.75μg/kg;准确性与所采用酶联免疫法无显著差异;检测结果变异系数范围在7%~11.2%之间,平均变异系数为8.7%;定量检测仪台间无显著差异。呕吐毒素快速定量检测卡检测限为0.078 mg/kg;定量检测仪台间无显著差异;采用便携式定量检测仪具有简单、快速、成本低、能实现现场操作且实时上传数据并记录监测地点位置等优势,具有较好的推广使用价值,特别适用于卫生调查、研究、筛查等现场使用。  相似文献   

13.
    
BACKGROUND: The influence of a mixture of butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and propyl paraben (PP) (each at a concentration of 20 mmol L?1) on mycoflora and Aspergillus section Flavi populations in stored maize grain was evaluated. A survey of 120 maize samples was carried out from June to November 2005. RESULTS: The predominant populations in non‐treated (control) maize between the first and sixth sampling periods were Aspergillus section Flavi and Penicillium. Aspergillus flavus was the fungus most frequently isolated from both control and antioxidant‐treated kernels. All samples of control and antioxidant‐treated maize kernels were negative for aflatoxins during the 6 month storage period. Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus strains showed a variable ability to produce aflatoxins. The contribution of the strains to silo community toxigenicity was higher for A. flavus L (large) and S (small) strains in the fourth sampling period. CONCLUSION: Antioxidant treatment negatively affected natural maize mycoflora and Aspergillus section Flavi populations between the second and sixth months of storage. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

14.
应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术(UPLC-MS/MS),在多反应离子检测(MRM)方式下对食品中的黄曲霉毒素B1(AFB1)和M1(AFM1)污染量进行检测.样品经乙腈-水混合试剂提取,中性氧化铝柱净化,经Agilem ZORBAX Eclipse plus C18色谱柱(100 mm×4.6 mm,1.8 μm),以甲醇和10 mmol/L NH4Ac溶液(含0.1%的甲酸)为流动相洗脱分离,以MRM方式进行定量分析.AFB1和AFM1分别在0.12~6.12 μg/L和0.11~2.28 μg/L质量浓度范围内线性关系良好,相对标准偏差(RSD)<5%,加标回收率为81.3%~97.2%.该方法具有低成本、准确、快速、简便、灵敏度高等优点,可满足我国对AFB1和AFM1检测限要求.  相似文献   

15.
    
The present study was designed to assess the incidence of aflatoxin contamination in animal feed and raw milk samples (total 240 each) collected from dairy farms during the complete year of 2015. These samples were collected through a cluster random sampling technique by dividing the province of Punjab, Pakistan into five clusters (north, south, east, west and central). Factors (environmental & physical) affecting aflatoxin contamination in milk and animal feed at farms were also studied. The AFM1 levels in raw milk & AFB1 levels in feed samples were analyzed by using the ELISA technique. Results demonstrated that overall about 53% raw milk samples from dairy farms were contaminated beyond the US MRL (0.50 µg/L) for AFM1 with than average level of 0.59 µg/L, while the 95% farm feed samples were exceeding the FDA MRL (20 µg/kg) of AFB1 with average level of 43 µg/kg. During winter season, the concentration of AFM1 was higher in all clusters with avg 0.68 µg/L, while the AFB1 contamination was highest in the spring season with avg 54 µg/kg. Market feed prices had negative correlation with AFB1 contamilevels, which were further supported by the positive correlation between quantity of feed at farms with AFM1 and AFB1 contamination. Results exhibited significantly positive impact of environmental factors on milk and feed aflatoxin contamination levels, whereas temperature showed an inverse relationship with AFM1 and AFB1 levels. The study recommends need of synergistic extension work to support dairy farms and highlight the contamination levels for regulatory bodies to introduce strategic policies for control measures.  相似文献   

16.
    
The objective of the study was to assess the amount of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) during fermentation, drying, and storage of Tarkhineh—a traditional Persian fermented food—over four months. Tarkhineh samples were produced based on a traditional method. Various concentrations of AFB1 (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 µg/kg) and AFM1, stood at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 µg/kg, were added to Iranian yogurt drink, called doogh, samples. Tarkhineh samples were evaluated for AFB1 and AFM1 on days 0, 2, 6, and 8 and also after drying and four months of storage. In cases of repeatability, recovery, and reproducibility, the high-performance liquid chromatography through fluorescence detector (HPLC-FD) method was successfully done to demonstrate aflatoxins (AFs) in Tarkhineh samples. The fermentation process had a considerable consequence on the reduction in AFM1 and AFB1 as compared to the control group, evidenced by 65.10%–81.20% and 55.80%–74.10%, respectively, after eight days of fermentation (p < .05). The highest reduction in AFB1 existed in samples containing 2.5 µg/kg toxin, followed by 5, 7.5, and 10 µg/kg, respectively. A similar trend was found for AFM1, as the highest concentration was found in samples containing 0.25 µg/kg toxin, followed by 0.5, 0.75, and 1 µg/kg, respectively.  相似文献   

17.
乳杆菌及不同pH值对黄曲霉生长与产毒的影响   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
为探讨植物乳杆菌及不同PH值对黄曲霉生长与产毒的影响,将植物乳杆菌与黄曲霉孢子同时加入到MRS肉汤和先厌氧培养植物乳杆菌后再加入黄曲霉孢子;以乳酸将LTB培养基的初始PH值调整为3.0,4.0和5.0,以PH值为6.8为对照组,在LTB培养基中接种黄曲霉孢子悬液。上述试验均在28℃培养15d,在培养的第3、6、9、12和15天测定培养液中的PH值,黄曲霉素素B1和黄曲霉菌丝重量。结果显示:植物乳杆菌可显抑制黄曲霉生长(P<0.05),同时检测不到黄曲霉毒素B1。随着LTB培养液中PH值的降低,黄曲霉毒素B1的量增加,在PH3.0组,差异有极显性(P<0.01),各组间黄曲霉素菌丝量未见显性差异,结果表明:植物乳杆菌可显抑制黄曲霉生长与产毒。在PH值3.0-5.0范围内,乳酸可以刺激黄曲霉毒素B1的产生。  相似文献   

18.
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