Cytoprotective effects of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner) seed extracts on oxidative damaged mouse embryonic fibroblast cell

This study was conducted to evaluate the cytoprotective activity of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner) seed extract (LSE) on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. The DPPH free radical scavenging activities of LSE increased in a concentration dependent manner. The cells, damaged by oxidative stress, decreased their viability following increasing concentration of H₂O₂, but the cotreatment of ethyl acetate fraction of LSE and H₂O₂ resulted in an increase in cell growth, by about 25%, compared to the cells treated with H₂O₂. The ethyl acetate fraction of LSE inhibited the cytotoxicity induced by H₂O₂ in a concentration dependent manner. The treatment of the n-butanol fraction of LSE on MEF cell was also examined by analyzing the DNA content and apoptotic rate, using flow cytometry. The oxidative damage to the cells, measured by apoptotic and necrotic cell accumulation, was similar with the addition of the ethyl acetate fraction of LSE to H₂O₂. These results suggest that LSE inhibited the cytotoxicity which is induced by H₂O₂, and has a protective effect on MEF cell against oxidative stress.     

Cytoprotective activity of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner) leaf extracts on the mouse embryonic fibroblast cell

This study was conducted to evaluate the cytoprotective activity of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertner) leaf extract (LLE) on mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. The 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging activities of LLE increased in a concentration dependent manner. The cells, damaged by oxidative stress, decreased their viability following increasing concentration of H₂O₂, but the co-treatment of n-butanol fraction of LLE and H₂O₂ resulted in an increase in cell growth, by about 25%, compared to the cells treated with H₂O₂. The n-butanol fraction of LLE inhibited the cytotoxicity induced by H₂O₂ in a concentration dependent manner. The oxidative damage to the cells, measured by apoptotic and necrotic cell accumulation, was similar with the addition of the n-butanol fraction of LLE to H₂O₂. Taken together, these results suggest that LLE inhibited the cytotoxicity which is induced by H₂O₂, and has a protective effect on MEF cell against oxidative stress.     

Antioxidative mechanisms of sea buckthorn fruit extract in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells

This study was conducted to define the antioxidant properties and cytoprotective mechanisms of sea buckthorn fruit extract (SFE) against cellular oxidative stress in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. Cell viability of MEF cells damaged by H₂O₂ was significantly increased by addition of SFE in a concentration dependent manner. Cytoprotective effect of SFE against oxidative damage was observed to be co-related with regulation of cell cycle progression. Induction of cell cycle arrest in G₂/ M checkpoint was mediated by oxidative stress, but significantly reduced by treatment of MEF cells with SFE. Analysis of key regulatory proteins involved in G₂/M arrest showed that SFE treatment leads to down-regulation of both phosphorylated Chk1 and cyclin B, which play important roles in cell cycle arrest of oxidatively damaged cells. Effect of SFE on apoptosis was evaluated by morphological and flow cytometric analysis. Apoptotic cell accumulation occurred by H₂O₂ treatment was decreased by co-treatment of MEF cells with SFE. Early apoptotic process involved in DNA fragmentation and condensation was also inhibited by additional treatment with SFE. Overall results suggest that cytoprotective effect of SFE is mediated by effective radical scavenging activity as well as altered cell cycle regulation which prevent apoptotic cell death induced by cellular oxidative stress.

     

Cytoprotective effect of fucoxanthin isolated from brown algae <Emphasis Type="Italic">Sargassum siliquastrum</Emphasis> against H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript>-induced cell damage

In this study, the cytoprotective effect of fucoxanthin, which was isolated from Sargassum siliquastrum, against oxidative stress induced DNA damage was investigated. Fucoxanthin, a kind of carotenoid, was pretreated to the medium and the protective effect was evaluated via 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, and comet assays. Intracellular reactive oxygen species were over produced by addition of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), but the production was significantly reduced by the treatment with fucoxanthin. The fucoxanthin strongly enhanced cell viability against H₂O₂ induced oxidative damage and the inhibitory effect of cell damage was a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, a protective effect against oxidative stress-induced cell apoptosis was also demonstrated via nuclear staining with Hoechst dye. These results clearly indicate that fucoxanthin isolated from S. siliquastrum possesses prominent antioxidant activity against H₂O₂-mediated cell damage and which might be a potential therapeutic agent for treating or preventing several diseases implicated with oxidative stress.     

Inhibitory effect of wheat bran feruloyl oligosaccharides on oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes

The present work assessed the protective effect of feruloyl oligosaccharides (FOs), the ferulic acid ester of oligosaccharides from wheat bran, against oxidative DNA damage in normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The DNA damage was measured by using the single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet assay). Lymphocytes were subjected to DNA damage by exposure to a range of H₂O₂ concentrations (10–200 μmol/l). H₂O₂, at a concentration of 200 μmol/l, resulted in nearly all cells being highly damaged. FOs showed no cytotoxicity and genotoxicity to normal human lymphocytes at the tested concentrations (10–500 μmol/l). In addition, DNA damage in human lymphocytes induced by 100 μmol/l H₂O₂ was inhibited by FOs in a concentration-dependent fashion with 91.1% inhibition of lymphocyte DNA damage at 500 μmol/l as compared with the control. The results suggest that water-soluble FOs from wheat bran are able to enhance the ability of human lymphocytes to resist H₂O₂ induced oxidative damage.     

Comparison between conjugated linoleic acid and essential fatty acids in preventing oxidative stress in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Some in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated protective effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers against oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. However, only a few and conflicting studies have been conducted showing the antioxidant potential of essential fatty acids. The objectives of the study were to compare the effects of CLA to other essential fatty acids on the thiol redox status of bovine mammary epithelia cells (BME-UV1) and their protective role against oxidative damage on the mammary gland by an in vitro study. The BME-UV1 cells were treated with complete medium containing 50 μM of cis-9,trans-11 CLA, trans-10,cis-12 CLA, α-linolenic acid, γ-linolenic acid, and linoleic acid. To assess the cellular antioxidant response, glutathione, NADPH, and γ-glutamyl-cysteine ligase activity were measured 48 h after addition of fatty acids (FA). Intracellular reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production were also assessed in cells supplemented with FA. Reactive oxygen species production after 3 h of H₂O₂ exposure was assessed to evaluate and to compare the potential protection of different FA against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. All FA treatments induced an intracellular GSH increase, matched by high concentrations of NADPH and an increase of γ-glutamyl-cysteine ligase activity. Cells supplemented with FA showed a reduction in intracellular malondialdehyde levels. In particular, CLA isomers and linoleic acid supplementation showed a better antioxidant cellular response against oxidative damage induced by H₂O₂ compared with other FA.     

Effects of anthocyanins and other phenolics of boysenberry and blackcurrant as inhibitors of oxidative stress and damage to cellular DNA in SH‐SY5Y and HL‐60 cells

There is growing interest both from consumers and researchers in the role that berries play in human health. The objective of this study was to investigate whether anthocyanins and other phenolics present in boysenberries and blackcurrants are effective in protecting cells against the oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂). The concentrations of polyphenols used were within the human physiological range. The data showed that SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were protected against H₂O₂‐induced toxicity by the anthocyanins and phenolic fractions. The concurrent addition of either fractions of these berries with H₂O₂ significantly inhibited the increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Pre‐incubation of cells with the same concentrations had no effect on the ROS level—a result that may be due to the metabolic conversion to inactive compounds. Anthocyanins and phenolic fractions of blackcurrant were better at protecting DNA of HL‐60 human promyelocytic cells from damage than similar fractions from boysenberry. The phenolic extract of blackcurrant demonstrated the highest protective effect against H₂O₂‐induced neurotoxicity, oxidative stress and DNA damage and may be a good candidate for inclusion into a processed functional food. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

Isolation and identification of compound from dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) with protective potential against oxidative stress in HepG2 cells

The protective effect of dropwort (Oenanthe javanica) was investigated in HepG2 cells under oxidative stress, and its active compound was identified. Compared to H₂O₂-alone treated cells, a drastic increase (35%) in protective activity was observed in the cells pretreated with 80% ethanol extract (OJE) of dropwort, suggesting that OJE possessed a potent hepatoprotectant. After a sequential procedure consisting of solvent-partitioning chromatography, TLC, and HPLC was conducted, the compound with proven hepatoprotective activity from OJE was isolated and identified as caffeic acid. Results indicated that caffeic acid in dropwort contributed to this herb’s protective profile against oxidative stress-induced liver damage.     

Antiproliferative effects of cherry juice and wine in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast cells and their phenolic constituents and antioxidant activities

Cherries are good sources of bioactive phenolic compounds that are widely considered to be potentially healthy. Here we investigated the protective activities of juice and wine products of tart and sweet cherries and their constituent anthocyanins (e.g., cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside) against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79-4). Total phenolics in the cherry juices and wines were 56.7–86.8 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/l and 79.4–149 mg GAE/l, respectively. Total anthocyanins in the cherry juices and wines were 7.9–50.1 mg of cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents (CGE)/l and 29.6–63.4 mg CGE/l, respectively. Both cherry juices and wines exerted protective effects against oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂ on V79-4 cells and also enhanced the activities of antioxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and catalase, in a dose-dependent manner. The protection of V79-4 cells from oxidative stress by phenolics was mainly attributable to anthocyanins. The positive correlation between the protective effects against oxidative stress in V79-4 cells and the antioxidant enzyme activities was stronger for cyanidin 3-glucoside than for cyanidin 3-rutinoside.     

Quercitrin protects against oxidative stress-induced injury in lung fibroblast cells via up-regulation of Bcl-xL

The cytoprotective effect of quercitrin (QR) against oxidative stress induced cell damage by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) in Chinese hamster lung fibroblast (V79-4) cells was investigated. QR evidenced a scavenging effect of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide, hydroxyl radicals and on intracellular ROS, and thus prevented lipid peroxidation. As a result, QR reduced H₂O₂-induced cell death and apoptosis in V79-4 cells. Moreover, H₂O₂ induced the cleavage of caspase-3, -9, and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and a reduction in Bcl-xL levels, whereas pretreatment with QR significantly inhibited caspase-3, -9, and PARP cleavage and the reduction in Bcl-xL levels, and ultimately ameliorated H₂O₂-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these results indicate that the treatment of V79-4 cells with QR can block H₂O₂-induced apoptosis via the regulation of Bcl-xL. QR may be exploited as a biopreservative in food applications or as a health supplement to alleviate oxidative stress.     

Cytoprotective effect of white tea against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in vitro

The protective effect of water extracts of white tea (WEWT) on oxidative stress in vitro is investigated. WEWT, like water extracts of green tea (WEGT) and water extracts of Pu-erh tea (WEPT), demonstrates a marked inhibition of the oxidation of liposome, albumin and LDLmodel systems. WEWT protects against H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity, in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition of ROS generation and MDA formation by WEWT in H₂O₂-induced Clone 9 cells parallels the effects on cell viability. Moreover, GSH and antioxidant enzymes may play an important role in the protective effect that is associated with H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress. The HPLC-DAD and HPLC–MS/MS analysis, shows that sixteen bioactive compounds are present in WEWT, which may partially account for its protective effect against oxidative insult. These results suggest that the mechanism of the protective actions of WEWT is related to its antioxidant potential and the maintenance of the normal redox status of the cell.     

Antioxidative effects of whey protein on peroxide-induced cytotoxicity

Myoblastic toxicity is a major adverse effect caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exercising heavily. Although protection or alleviation of ROS toxicity can be achieved by administration of antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin E and vitamin C, their protective effect remains controversial. Thus, alternative natural antioxidants may be potential candidates for foods for athletes. In this research, we investigated the antioxidative effect of whey protein against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) toxicity using C₂C₁₂ myoblasts. Whey protein pre-incubation prevented the decrease in cell viability after H₂O₂ treatment. The production of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine associated with DNA oxidative damage was also inhibited by the whey protein pre-incubation. Endogenous antioxidant defense, such as glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity, was also modulated by the antioxidant. At the same time, enhanced mRNA expression levels of heme oxygenase-1 and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase-1 were observed in cells pre-incubated with whey protein before H₂O₂ abuse. These findings suggest that whey protein improved the antioxidant capacity against acute oxidative stress through multiple pathways and this protein may serve as an alternative source of antioxidants for prevention of athletic injuries caused by ROS.     

Napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum S.) protects oxidative damage of biomolecules and modulates antioxidant enzyme activity

The effects of water extract of napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum S.) (WEN) on oxidative damage of biomolecules and modulation of antioxidant enzyme activity were investigated. The results showed that WEN displayed marked free radical scavenging, reducing power, as well as ferrous ions chelating effects. WEN has a dose-dependent response for protective action on oxidation of phospholipid, deoxyribose and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the range of 0–0.5 mg/ml, indicating that WEN had in vitro protective action on oxidative damage of biomolecules. Oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂ significantly decreased the viability of BNL cells. However, addition of WEN in the medium protected cells from H₂O₂-induced cytotoxicity. Furthermore, treatment of cells with WEN in the range of 0–0.2 mg/ml displayed protective effect from H₂O₂ induced oxidation in a concentration dependent manner. With respect to the effect of WEN on antioxidant enzymes, the results showed the WEN at 0.2 mg/ml enhanced activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) in BNL cells by 2.93-, 35.8-, 4.23-, and 2.78-fold, respectively, compared to the control; WEN increased the GSH content by 3.2-fold, implying that WEN may up-regulate the levels of GSH and antioxidant enzymes in BNL cells. WEN scavenged NO generated by a NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and suppressed NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The determination of ascorbic acid and total anthocyanins as well as HPLC analysis revealed that ascorbic acid, rutin, epicatechin, anthocyanins, p-coumaric acid, quercetin and catechin were present in WEN, which function as in vitro antioxidants by virtue of their ability to scavenge ROS and RNS. Overall, the results obtained showed that WEN is rich in antioxidant components and they can serve as an excellent potential for use as a natural phytochemicals source.     

Protective effect of two edible mushrooms against oxidative cell damage and their phenolic composition

The aim of the study was to investigate phenolic composition, antioxidative, protective and cytotoxic effects of Pleurotus eryngii and Auricularia auricula-judae. Analysis of phenolic compounds in these edible mushrooms species has been carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Protective effect of these mushrooms on H₂O₂ induced oxidative cell damage was determined by using MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, a yellow tetrazole) assay. Antioxidant activities of the mushrooms extracts were evaluated by using complementary in vitro assays. In addition, the measurement of total antioxidant compounds in the extracts was carried out. All the extracts exhibited protective effect against H₂O₂ induced oxidative cell damage but the highest activity was observed for A. auricula-judae aqueous extract (89.5 ± 1.8% cell viability at 0.1 mg/ml). P. eryngii methanolic extract showed the highest ferrous iron chelating ability (IC₅₀ = 0.42 ± 0.03 mg/ml). A. auricula-judae extracts (at concentration of 0.025–0.100 mg/ml) were not toxic to baby hamster kidney fibroblast cell line (BHK 21). These results suggest that these mushrooms may be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants for food supplementation or in the development of nutraceuticals.     

Carnosic acid protects against ROS/RNS-induced protein damage and upregulates HO-1 expression in RAW264.7 macrophages

The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is a deleterious process that can be an important mediator of damage to cell structures including protein, lipid and DNA, and consequently leads to various disease states and senescence. In the present study, the protective effects of carnosic acid (CA) on ROS/RNS-induced protein damages were examined. CA dose-dependently decreased the fragmentation, carbonylation, and nitration of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in AAPH and Hemin/nitrite/H₂O₂ incubation systems, respectively. Moreover, CA effectively attenuated protein carbonylations in the radical-treated RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, after pretreatments of RAW264.7 macrophages with CA, the generation of ROS and NO induced by AAPH and H₂O₂ or LPS were significantly suppressed, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protein expression was time- and dose-dependently upregulated. Hence, our results indicated that CA might be beneficial for cellular proteins in oxidative stress or inflammation conditions by alleviating ROS/RNS generation and inducing the expression of antioxidant enzyme HO-1.     

Administration of rosemary essential oil enhances resistance of rat hepatocytes against DNA-damaging oxidative agents

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the potential DNA-protective effects of rosemary essential oil-supplementation on rat hepatocytes damaged with three different genotoxins attacking DNA by oxidative stress. Hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) reacts by the generation of hydroxyl radicals, visible light-excited methylene blue forms oxidative DNA lesions via singlet oxygen and 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ) induces oxidative stress by participation in redox cycling. Hepatocytes were isolated from rats supplemented with rosemary oil (RO) for 14 days as well as from control rats. The potential protective effects of RO applied in drinking water of animals were tested on the level of DNA using the conventional and modified single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay). We found out that administration to rats of rosemary oil, exhibiting free radical-scavenging activity measured by DPPH assay, efficiently and significantly decreased the level of DNA damage induced with H₂O₂, visible light-excited methylene blue and DMNQ.     

Purification and characterisation of an antioxidative peptide from enzymatic hydrolysates of duck processing by-products

Duck processing by-products were hydrolysed using eight proteases to produce an antioxidative peptide. Of the various hydrolysates produced, the pepsin extract exhibited the highest hydroxyl radical scavenging activity. The derived peptide was purified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to identify any potent radical scavenging activity. The sequence of the antioxidative peptide obtained was identified as Asp-Val-Cys-Gly-Arg-Asp-Val-Asn-Gly-Tyr, with a molecular weight of 1096 Da. The IC₅₀ value of purified peptide for hydroxyl radical scavenging activity was 75 μg/ml as the measurement by an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer. In addition, the purified peptide exhibited a protective effect on H₂O₂-induced DNA damage. These results indicate that the purified peptide possesses a potent antioxidative activity and protective effect of DNA against H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage.     

Oxidative stress prevention and anti-apoptosis activity of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) stems in human keratinocytes

To date, grape stems have been partially assessed on their content in phenolics and their radical scavenging activity, whilst the potential to modulate oxidative stress in biological models remains underexplored. In the present work, the effect of grape stems' phenolics on redox unbalance was evaluated in human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). Grape stems' extracts were assessed on their phenolic composition by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC–PAD-ESi-MSn), besides on radical scavenging capacity (ABTS and DPPH). In addition, their protective effect against oxidative stress induced by H₂O₂ by the determination of the level of glutathione, reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and overall oxidative stress in HaCaT cells by flow cytometry was evaluated. This characterization allowed to identify five flavonols, one cinnamic acid, and one stilbene. A close correlation between the concentration of these phenolics and the capacity to scavenge free radicals and with the potential to modulate the redox balance in vitro was observed. From the analysis of correlation, the activity of malvidin-3-O-glucoside, malvidin-3-O-(6-O-caffeoyl)-glucoside, and malvidin-3-O-rutinoside with respect to the prevention of basal oxidative stress and the capacity of isorhamnetin-3-O-(6-O-feruloyl)-glucoside and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside to prevent H₂O₂-induced redox unbalance were stated. Furthermore, grape stems' phenolics also showed an efficient capacity to modulate apoptosis in HaCaT cells, reducing the frequency of annexin V/PI double positive apoptotic cells by up to 99.5% relative to controls, which was further confirmed by the determination of the appearance of the occurrence of apoptotic bodies and the expression of activated (cleaved) caspase-3 by flow cytometry and western-blot, respectively. These results supported the potential of individual phenolics from grape stems to modulate oxidative stress, allowing to envisage dedicated combinations of single compounds for the development of efficient formulations efficient against oxidative stress.     

Curcumin protects mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2A cells against hydrogen-peroxide-induced oxidative stress

Curcumin has been traditionally used in China and India for food and medicinal purposes. It has been shown to possess potent antioxidative activity both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, the neuroprotective effects and the potential mechanisms of curcumin against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2A cells were investigated. Treatment with curcumin at 20 and 25 μg/mL for 1 h prior to H₂O₂ exposure significantly attenuated cell viability loss, reduced apoptosis, suppressed the elevation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium levels, and stabilised mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, curcumin could block H₂O₂-mediated degradation of the protein IκBα and subsequent activation of nuclear factor κB, thus inhibiting the expression of its target gene cyclooxygenase 2. These results indicate that curcumin has potential protective effects against H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress in neuron cells, which might make curcumin a suitable therapeutic agent for prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases associated with oxidative stress.     

Chemoprotective action of l-(+)-selenomethionine on the modulation of genes involved in oxidative stress and in the UPR pathway

The installation of oxidative process arises from an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants compounds, in favor of excessive generation of free radicals. This process can affect cellular components, like endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ER is extremely sensitive to changes in homeostasis, where, on different stimuli, may result in adaptation to survival or induction of apoptosis (unfolded protein response, “UPR” pathway). The oxidative damage caused by endogenous or exogenous agents or a dysregulation of the UPR pathway can lead to adverse conditions, whose chronicity has important implications for the etiology of chronic diseases, including cancer. Therefore, it becomes important to search for chemoprotective agents aiming their role in preventive medicine. Between these substances, selenium’s antioxidant activity seems to be effective in treating diseases which have the oxidative stress as its development. We evaluated the modulating action of l-(+)-selenomethionine (SeMet) in HepG2 cells against cellular stress induced by H₂O₂ through MTT assay, comet assay, and gene expression by qRT-PCR of genes related to oxidative stress, UPR pathway, and apoptosis. In MTT assay, the lower concentrations of SeMet showed a cytoprotective action against the damage caused by H₂O₂. Likewise, it was verified in the comet assay that the concentration of 50 ng/mL reduced the genotoxic damage caused by H₂O₂. SeMet at 50 ng/mL regulated the genes tested in the qRT-PCR, showing an antiapoptotic and antioxidant effect. These results suggest that SeMet positively modulates the genes of oxidative stress and ER, leading to a chemoprotective and antioxidant effect, becoming an alternative in preventive medicine.