阳离子共聚物乳液的合成及在造纸增强中的作用

以丙烯酸甲酯（MA）、苯乙烯（St)、丙烯酰胺（AM）、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（MTA）为原料，采用无皂乳液聚合法合成出了一系列阳离子共聚物（PMAA）乳液，将PMAA乳液加到草浆中，通过对纸张的环压强度、耐破度和撕裂度等的测定，发现当乳液的用量为0．75％（对绝干浆）时，其增强性能最好。     

PMAA阳离子乳液的合成及在造纸增强中的作用

以丙烯酸甲酯（MA），苯乙烯（St)，丙烯酰胺（AM），甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵（MTA）为原料，采用无皂乳液聚合法合成出了一系列阳离子共聚物（PMAA）乳液，将PMAA乳液加到草浆中，通过对纸张的环压强度，耐破度和撕裂度等的测定，发现当乳液的用量为0．75％时，其增强性能最好。     

水性丙烯酸树脂黏结剂的制备及其对特种含能纸基材料的增强性能研究

以丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酰胺和丙烯酸为单体,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯及N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺作为功能单体,采用半连续乳液聚合法制备了水性丙烯酸树脂黏结剂。结果表明,甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）添加量为11.2%时,乳液平均粒径为172.7 nm,黏度为14.9 mPa·s,并且在100℃下乳液性能保持稳定。接触角及力学性能测试表明,利用水性丙烯酸树脂黏结剂（GMA添加量11.2%）进行浆内施胶,特种含能纸基材料的应力由15.24 MPa增加至33.06 MPa,接触角由108.3°提高到113.3°。     

氟碳中性施胶剂的结构表征及应用

以甲基丙烯酸六氟丁酯、苯乙烯和丙烯酸丁酯为聚合单体,在叔胺型聚氨酯溶液中通过自由基共聚制备了阳离子乳液型氟碳中性施胶剂。研究了亲水单体N-甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）、聚丙烯酸酯（PA）和含氟丙烯酸酯（FA）对乳液稳定性和施胶效果的影响,并用动态激光光散射（DLS）、红外光谱（FTIR）和核磁共振氟谱（^19F-NMR）对氟碳乳液粒径分布和分子结构进行了表征。结果表明,乳液的ξ电位高于38．00mV;乳胶粒的平均粒径为313．7nm,且粒径分布很窄;较佳的物料配比是：w（MDEA）=16．0％～20．0％,w（FA）=5．0％～7．0％,w（PA）=10％：纸张的施胶度大于36．70s。     

马铃薯淀粉微球的制备及吸附香精性能

以马铃薯淀粉为原料，N，N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂，采用悬浮交联聚合法制备了淀粉微球。电镜扫描显示，微球表面粗糙，其对玫瑰香精的吸附量达133mg·g－1。     

非/阳离子氨基硅微乳液的制备及应用

介绍了硅烷偶联剂3-(2-氨乙基)-氨丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷(HRSIL，SCA-602)与八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)的非邝日离子乳液聚合反应，讨论了反应产物粒径的影响因素，并得出了该聚合反应的较佳工艺条件：在反应温度85-90℃、剪切时间10～15min、催化剂用量0．25g、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵(1231)用量11．62～12．62g等条件下能制备氨基硅油微乳液，该氨基硅油微乳液较同氨值本体聚合制备的氨基硅乳在整理织物的力学性能、柔软度及折皱回复角等方面有一定的优势．     

PMAA非离子乳液纸张干强剂的制备及应用

研究了丙烯酸甲酯(MA)、苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酰胺(AM)及丙烯腈(NA)为原料，采用核—壳技术制取非离子乳液纸张干强剂的方法。将PMAA乳液加到草浆中，通过对纸张的环压强度、耐破度和撕裂度等的测定，发现当乳液用量为0．75％～1．0％时，可使纸张抗拉强度提高29．4％，耐破度提高96．4％，环压强度提高36．8％。     

淀粉接枝共聚物微球的合成与降解研究

在反相悬浮体系中以K2S2O8-NaHSO3引发N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺与淀粉的接枝共聚,制备了淀粉接枝典聚物微球.用人工肠液对所得淀粉微球进行体外降解,运用FT-IR、SEM、粒度分析仪对微球及其降解产物进行了表征分析,用正交实验分析了合成因素对微球粒径的影响.结果表明:共聚物微球形态圆整,平均粒径50.2μm,微球中存在酰氨基结构.正交实验表明:N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺和油水比对微球的平均粒径影响较大;体外降解表明:微球在3～4 h内基本维持稳定聚合结构,之后降解迅速.     

含氟乳液粒径及其分布的影响因素探讨

运用种子乳液聚合法制备了皮革填充含氟微乳液。FTIR光谱的测试表明:含氟单体参与了聚合反应。运用Autosizer(MalvernⅡC)粒径分析仪,研究聚合工艺中以不同比例的乳化剂、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺(NMA)用量、聚合温度、中和温度对乳胶粒径及其分布的影响。结果表明:SLS/OP比值为1.5,NMA用量质量分数为4%,聚合温度为55℃,中和温度在50~55℃之间时,能制备出粒径小、分布均匀的含氟微乳液。     

环氧基改性有机硅乳液聚合中乳化剂对聚合物乳液稳定性的影响

采用微乳液聚合法由D4开环聚合，含环氧基团的硅烷偶联剂共聚改性，合成了透明的环氧基改性有机硅微乳液，讨论了乳化剂对聚合反应速率、聚合物乳液粘度、乳胶粒径、聚合物乳液稳定性的影响．结果表明，采用阳非离子型复合乳化剂10％(对乳液质量)有利于聚合反应进行，得到的环氧基改性有机硅乳液稳定．该环氧基改性有机硅乳液已经投产使用。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.