火龙果酸奶的研制

以火龙果浆、脱脂奶粉为主要原料,添加甜味剂和稳定剂,采用嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌混合发酵制备火龙果酸奶。通过正交试验优化主要原料和添加剂用量及接种量和发酵时间的组合,确定稳定剂的搭配及用量。试验结果显示:火龙果酸奶的优化工艺条件为火龙果浆15%,甜味剂(果葡糖浆:蔗糖=1:1)8%,脱脂奶粉8%,接种量(菌种为嗜热链球菌:保加利亚乳杆菌=1.5:1)4%,发酵时间4h,稳定剂为CMC 0.12%、瓜尔胶0.05%、黄原胶0.08%混合物。     

木瓜胡萝卜芸豆酸奶的研制

研究以木瓜、胡萝卜、芸豆等为主要原料制备凝固型酸奶的工艺,通过正交试验L9(34)选出产品配方和发酵工艺。结果表明:在牛乳中添加4%木瓜、4%胡萝卜、4%芸豆、1%变性淀粉、0.2%黄原胶、8%蔗糖,杀菌冷却后投入嗜热乳链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌按一定的比例的混合发酵菌种,接种量2%,在42℃发酵4h,最后在0～4℃下后酵12h,制得的木瓜胡萝卜芸豆酸奶营养丰富、口感细腻。     

莴笋木瓜菠萝酸奶的研制

研究以莴笋、木瓜、菠萝等为主要原料制备凝固型酸奶的工艺,通过L9(34)正交试验优选出产品配方和发酵工艺。试验结果表明:在牛乳中添加6%莴笋、6%木瓜、6%菠萝、8%蔗糖、1%变性淀粉、0.2%黄原胶,杀菌冷却后投入嗜热乳链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌和双歧杆菌按一定的比例的混合发酵种,接种量2%,在42℃发酵4 h,最后在0～4℃下后酵12 h,制得的莴笋木瓜菠萝酸奶营养丰富、口感细腻。     

椰汁木瓜凝固型酸奶的研制

研究以椰子汁、木瓜粒、奶粉等为主要原料制备凝固型酸奶的工艺,通过正交试验L9(34)优选出产品配方和发酵工艺。实验结果表明:在配比为1∶2的复原乳(蛋白质2.3%)和椰子汁(蛋白质2.3%)混合物中添加6%木瓜粒、8%蔗糖、1%变性淀粉、0.2%黄原胶,杀菌冷却后投入嗜热乳链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌和双歧杆菌按一定的比例的混合发酵种,接种量2%,在42℃发酵4h,最后在0～4℃下后酵12h,制得的椰汁木瓜凝固型酸奶营养丰富、口感细腻,富有亚热带水果风味。     

火龙果酸奶的研制

以火龙果和奶粉为主要原料,将嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳酸杆菌按1∶1的比例混合发酵后加工制成火龙果酸奶。以正交实验得出最佳的火龙果奶发酵条件为火龙果果肉含量4%、蔗糖含量7%、接种量6%、发酵温度为40℃,发酵时间6h。     

益生菌火龙果酸奶的研发

益生菌酸奶具有良好的保健功能,此外还含有丰富的营养物质。试验以植物乳杆菌菌液单一菌种发酵火龙果酸奶。通过单因素试验和正交试验设计,利用感官评定及质构仪、粘度计等仪器进行质量评定,确定最优配方。最后进行蛋白质、脂肪、酸度等理化指标及微生物指标的测定。结果表明:益生菌火龙果酸奶的最优配方为:火龙果汁12%、白砂糖11%、植物乳杆菌菌液接种量2%,发酵时间为37℃下培养19 h。通过对益生菌火龙果酸奶进行理化检验、微生物指标检验,均符合国家标准,具有更高营养价值。     

牡蛎木瓜酸奶的研制

以牡蛎、木瓜、牛奶为主要原料,利用保加利亚乳杆菌(Lactobacillus bulgaricus)、嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus Thermophilus)和干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus casei)进行发酵,研制出牡蛎木瓜酸奶。通过实验确定牡蛎蛋白的提取条件:牡蛎与水按1∶1比例混合后在100℃恒温90min,木瓜果肉与水的榨汁比例为2∶1。牡蛎木瓜酸奶配方为牡蛎提取液与牛奶按7∶3比例混合,添加木瓜汁12g/100g,蔗糖4g/100g,蔗糖脂肪酸酯0.1g/100g,接种8mL/100mL酸奶,在42℃发酵6-7h。此酸奶不仅具有牡蛎特有的营养,还伴随着木瓜的淡淡清香。     

凝固型火龙果酸奶的制备工艺及质构特性研究

该文研究了凝固型火龙果酸奶的制备工艺,并分析其质构特性。在单因素试验的基础上,选取白砂糖添加量、乳酸菌接种量、发酵时间、发酵温度这4个因素,以感官评分为响应值,利用中心组合和响应面分析法,对火龙果酸奶的发酵工艺进行优化,得到凝固型火龙果酸奶的最佳配方为乳酸菌接种量0.27%,发酵时间7.7 h,发酵温度40℃,白砂糖添加量8.8%,在此条件下,得到火龙果酸奶感官评分为85.3分。使用TPA质构仪对火龙果酸奶进行测定和分析,建立质构特性与感官评分之间的线性回归模型为:Y(感官评分)=0.076 4X1(硬度)-2.84X2(黏度)+0.772X3(内聚力)-4.36X4(弹性)+143.16。     

益生菌火龙果酸奶冰淇淋的研发

益生菌酸奶具有良好的保健功能,此外还含有丰富的营养物质,故酸奶已然成为新型冰淇淋的理想原材料之一。本试验以植物乳杆菌菌液单一菌种发酵火龙果酸奶,制作益生菌火龙果酸奶冰淇淋。通过单因素试验和正交试验设计,利用感官评定及质构仪、粘度计等仪器进行质量评定,确定最优配方。结果表明:益生菌火龙果酸奶冰淇淋的最优配方为:益生菌火龙果酸奶30%、脱脂乳粉10%、白砂糖13%、奶油12%、卡拉胶1.5‰、瓜尔豆胶2‰、单甘脂3‰。     

黄桃酸奶的加工工艺研究

利用鲜牛奶为原料,通过添加适量的黄桃果粒,以保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌为发酵剂,对制作黄桃发酵乳进行了研究。采用正交实验,确定了最佳工艺条件。加糖量8%,接种量6%,发酵时间10 h,果肉添加量6%。此工艺制备的黄桃酸奶,具有独特的风味和较高的营养价值,其货架期在2～6℃可达14 d。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.