面团冻藏对陕西Biangbiang面条品质变化的影响

该研究以高筋小麦面粉制作面团,分析-18℃下不同冻藏时间(0、5、10、20、30 d)对面团的流变学特性,以及冻藏后制作的Biangbiang面条的可冻结水含量、晶型结构、蒸煮特性、质构特性及微观结构的影响。结果表明,面团的黏弹性随着冻藏时间的延长逐渐下降;面团冻藏30 d后制作的Biangbiang面条中可冻结水的比例提高,淀粉的相对结晶度增大;面条的吸水率降低7.8%,蒸煮损失率增加1.3%,硬度从199.53 g增大到228.18 g。扫描电镜结果显示,面条内部出现大的孔洞、断裂的面筋片段和游离的淀粉颗粒。面筋网络结构弱化导致Biangbiang面条蒸煮性能下降,进而影响面条的硬度、弹性和咀嚼性等品质。该研究结果可为后续拓展Biangbiang面条品质改良手段,实现工业化生产提供一定的理论参考。     

冷冻工艺条件对发酵面团中抗冻酵母活性的影响

研究了冷冻面团的冷冻终结温度、冻藏温度、冻藏时间对抗冻酵母活性的影响,得出最有利于抗冻酵母活性保持的冷冻工艺条件：冷冻终结温度-18℃,冻藏温度应与冷冻终结温度保持一致,贮存时间不超过30d为宜。     

响应曲面法对玉米水饺速冻工艺的优化

以玉米水饺专用粉为原料制得水饺,探讨速冻温度、速冻终结温度、冻藏温度对速冻玉米水饺品质的影响,并建立速冻温度、速冻终结温度、冻藏温度之间的数学模型.确定了玉米水饺速冻工艺的最佳参数:速冻温度-34℃、速冻终结温度-20℃、冻藏温度-18℃.在此条件下,玉米水饺感官评价得分为89.3,与理论值基本相符.此速冻工艺制备的玉米水饺具有良好的蒸煮品质和质构特性,其中水饺皮蒸煮损失率为3.31％,蒸煮吸水率为44.98％,水饺皮煮后质构TPA硬度值为5587.23g,咀嚼性为2573.26g,回复性为0.27g.     

重组华根霉脂肪酶协同转谷氨酰胺酶提高冷冻面团抗冻发酵特性的研究

采用差示扫描量热仪和F3流变发酵仪研究重组华根霉脂肪酶(RCL)和转谷氨酰胺酶(TG)共同作用对冷冻面团抗冻发酵特性的影响。将面团于-18℃冻藏0、7、21、35d,结果发现:随着冻藏时间的延长,甘油含量有所降低,可冻结水含量增加;引入RCL和TG到冷冻面团中可以显著增加面团中的甘油含量,显著降低面团中可冻结水的含量,减少冰晶体的形成,并且可以提高酵母的存活数。F3流变发酵仪测定面团的发酵流变学特性,结果表明:RCL和TG同时作用可以显著降低冻藏对面团发酵高度的削弱作用,改善酵母的发酵性能和增加面团的持气率。     

藻酸丙二醇酯对冷冻面团品质影响的研究

通过添加不同量藻酸丙二醇酯对冷冻面团拉伸特性、失水率及可冻结水含量的影响,研究了藻酸丙二醇酯对冷冻面团品质与特性的影响。研究结果表明:随着冻藏时间的延长,冷冻面团的品质呈现下降的趋势,在相同的冻藏时间下,藻酸丙二醇酯添加量0.2%时,冷冻面团的内部结构稳定,失水率和可冻结水的含量降低,面团品质较好。     

冷冻及冻藏对春卷质构及感官品质的影响

研究了冷冻和冻藏条件对春卷感官品质的影响。以春卷皮的开裂、失水、炸制后的质构特性、感官评价等品质为指标,分析了冻藏温度及时间等条件的影响。结果表明:对于以红豆沙为馅料,尺寸约为60 mm×20 mm×25 mm,质量为(15~20)g的春卷,-40℃冻结30 min后,春卷中心温度降至-21.0℃,平均冷冻速率为1.58℃/min。在-18℃下冻藏的52 d期间内,春卷的干耗与时间呈线性相关;质构特性均随冻藏时间的延长呈现明显的下降趋势;春卷的感官品质与质构变化趋势相同。     

干冰冻结对大黄鱼冻藏期间冰晶及品质的影响

目的:考察冻结方式及冻藏温度对大黄鱼贮藏过程中品质的影响。方法:采用干冰冻结和-40℃空气冻结新鲜大黄鱼鱼片至中心温度-18℃,然后分别置于-40,-18℃冰柜贮藏。测定大黄鱼冻结后和冻藏过程中冻结曲线、冰晶形态、pH值、挥发性盐基氮、K值、Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性、总巯基、羰基、蛋白降解、质构特性等理化指标。结果:干冰冻结通过最大冰晶生成带的时间为40 min,是-40℃空气冻结的1/6,干冰冻结鱼肉样品初始冰晶横截面积和当量直径分别为(96.12±1.61)μm²和(11.06±1.43)μm,显著低于空气冻结的鱼肉样品。结论:冻藏温度对鱼肉肌原纤维蛋白的影响要大于冻结温度，且冻藏温度越低，鱼肉肌原纤维蛋白降解程度越低。干冰冻结后-40℃贮藏有利于保持大黄鱼的鲜度和品质稳定性。     

冻结及冻藏温度对小龙虾蛋白质理化性质的影响

将小龙虾热烫后置于真空包装盒内,灌水并抽真空,分别于3个冻结温度(-20,-40,-55 ℃)下冻结至中心温度为 -15 ℃,并置于2个冻藏温度(-20,-40 ℃)中冻藏24周,测定不同冻结温度处理和冻藏的小龙虾肉的肌原纤维蛋白含量、表面疏水性、内源荧光强度、总巯基和二硫键含量、二级结构的变化。结合冰晶的显微结构观察结果,探讨冻结及冻藏温度对小龙虾蛋白质理化性质的影响,为小龙虾加工原料的周年供应提供理论指导。试验结果显示:在冻藏温度相同时,-20 ℃冻结小龙虾肉的冰晶较大,导致肌肉结构受到严重的破坏,肌原纤维蛋白含量显著低于-40,-55 ℃冻结(P<0.05)的表面疏水性、内源荧光强度、总巯基和二硫键含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。在冻结温度相同时,-20 ℃冻藏小龙虾肉的冰晶更大,出现针形冰晶的时间更早,肌原纤维蛋白含量、总巯基含量显著低于-40 ℃(P<0.05),表面疏水性、二硫键含量显著高于-40 ℃(P<0.05),内源荧光强度变化幅度更大。此外,-20 ℃冻结或冻藏时,α-螺旋的相对含量较高,而β-折叠、β-转角和无规卷曲无明显差别。这些结果表明,较低的冻结及冻藏温度使小龙虾肉蛋白的空间构象更稳定,减轻了蛋白质的变性程度,使冻藏期间小龙虾的品质更好。     

冻藏时间对非发酵面团流变特性及蛋白结构的影响

冻藏时间是影响冷冻面团质量的主要因素之一。研究冻藏时间对非发酵面团质构、流变特性及蛋白结构的影响。结果表明,随着冻藏时间的延长,面团硬度不断增加,弹性、内聚性、黏附性和咀嚼度降低,冻藏至30d时其弹性、内聚性大幅度下降;弹性模量(G′)与黏性模量(G″)均不断降低;面团最大蠕变柔量(J_(max))降低,零切变黏度(η_0)增加,瞬时蠕变柔量(J_0)与迟滞蠕变柔量(J_m)不断降低,面团结构稳定性变差,受到外力后的恢复力降低;面团中游离巯基含量显著上升,谷蛋白大聚体含量显著下降,蛋白二级构象发生改变,由α-螺旋、β-转角结构向β-折叠结构转变。总之,随着冻藏时间的延长,非发酵面团品质不断下降,并且在30 d内品质下降最为显著。     

液氮速冻对银鲳鱼品质及微观结构的影响

银鲳鱼经液氮喷淋方法(中心温度达-40℃,需20 min)冻结后于-18℃进行冻结贮藏试验。作为对照,对大小相近的同批原料进行平板冻结(中心温度达-20℃,需6 h)及冰柜冻结(中心温度达-18℃,需20 h)处理,冻藏条件与液氮速冻样品相同。结果表明,液氮速冻、平板速冻、冰柜冻结的样品的p H值在第105天降至最低(6.42、6.35、6.11),冻藏150天后盐溶蛋白质浓度分别为6.71、3.24、1.38 mg/g,Ca2+-ATPase活性分别为1.73×10-3、0.76×10-3、0.56×10-3μmol/(min·mg)。冻结温度愈低,K值、TVBN值增加愈小。TPA图谱分析显示,硬度、弹性和回复性均随着冻藏时间的延长呈显著降低趋势(P0.05);较低的冻结温度可使各指标数值变化趋缓。微观结构观察发现,贮藏150天的液氮组样品肌纤维间隙最小、细胞完整致密,与新鲜样品最为接近;液氮深冷速冻对银鲳冻藏品质维持效果最佳。     

含水量影响冷冻饺子皮面团力学特性的研究

随着传统文化的升温,人们对非发酵冷冻面团的需求日益增加。研究在确定不同含水量的饺子皮坯冷冻和解冻条件的基础上,重点研究了含水量为46%、48%、50%、52%的面团在冷冻前和历经冷冻、冻藏及室温下自然解冻等工序处理后的硬度、内聚性、拉伸性等力学特性的变化。结果显示:质量为20g直径约为3.5cm的饺子皮坯的在-40℃的条件下,40min后可通过最大冰晶形成带;在-18℃的冻藏条件下,2h后温度基本稳定,室温下的适宜解冻时间为1h。在力学特性方面,含水量48%的面团拉伸性能最好,含水量46%的面团硬度最大,含水量50%的面团冷冻前内聚性最好,含水量为46%的面团冷冻后内聚性最好。     

Effects of freezing and frozen storage conditions on the rheological properties of different formulations of non-yeasted wheat and gluten-free bread dough

Empirical and fundamental rheological measurements were made on fresh and frozen dough to study the effects of freezing and frozen storage conditions. Frozen dough was stored at two different temperatures, −18 °C and −30 °C, and for 1, 7 and 28 days. Four dough formulations were tested: a standard wheat dough, a fibre-enriched wheat dough, a standard gluten-free dough and a gluten-free dough containing amaranth flour. No yeast was used in any formulation. The wheat dough is more affected by freezing and by the first days of storage whereas the gluten-free dough is more affected by a longer storage time. A storage temperature of −30 °C alters dough rheological properties more than a storage temperature of −18 °C. The addition of dietary fibres to the wheat dough increases its resistance to freezing and frozen storage. The addition of amaranth flour to gluten-free dough also increases its resistance to freezing but decreases its resistance to storage conditions.     

Effect of modified whey protein concentrates on empirical and fundamental dynamic mechanical properties of frozen dough

Dairy byproduct proteins are considered natural functional additives having the ability to interact with the starch and gluten network in a dough system and thus behave as dough improvers. Native whey proteins have negative effect in bread making so whey protein concentrates modified to increase viscosity in solution (mWPC) might overcome undesirable weakening of the gluten network which usually occurs in frozen dough products during prolonged times in frozen storage. The objective of this research project was to determine the effect of mWPC on empirical and fundamental dynamic rheological properties of wheat flour dough. The results for empirical rheological studies showed that addition of mWPC had significant effects on mixographic parameters and also increased values of mixing time and peak height percentage. The results for the fundamental mechanical properties of the frozen dough revealed an increase in the values of G′ with the increase in the frequency, along with an upward trend with increasing temperature, but the highest values were obtained after cooling. Addition of mWPC in the dough treatments induced softening in the dough system, as shown by the decrease in the values of the viscoelastic moduli. Rheological and textural changes in the bakery products made from frozen dough could be imparted by the incorporation of modified whey protein concentrates as dough improvers.     

鸡肉火腿肠贮藏期间应力松弛特性及质地评价

研究鸡肉火腿肠贮藏期间应力松弛特性、TPA质地参数变化规律.结果表明:贮藏时间对阻尼体黏滞系数η影响不显著,对其余3个松弛参数影响均极显著;在10℃和5℃条件下,贮藏温度对4个松弛参数影响均不显著.贮藏时间对硬度和耐咀性有较为显著的影响,对内聚性和弹性影响不显著;贮藏温度对4个TPA质地参数的影响是不显著的.在整个贮藏过程中,鸡肉火腿肠的质地没有发生较大的变化,仍保持较好的食用品质.经高温处理,鸡肉火腿肠松弛特性显著降低,其质地变得更加柔软、易嚼.     

Influence of yeast and frozen storage on rheological, structural and microbial quality of frozen sweet dough

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of yeast content and frozen storage (9 weeks at −40 °C) on the structural and rheological parameters, and fermentative activity of frozen sweet dough. Two types of dough were studied (to estimate dough shelf life): simple yeasted dough (SY) and double yeasted dough (DY). Fermentative activity (yeast viability, gassing power, and dough volume), rheological and textural parameters were assessed for frozen sweet doughs.These effects were explored by different and complementary methods: Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), dynamic rheology, texture profile analysis (TPA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).The data showed that the longer the frozen storage time at −40 °C, the higher the decreased of frozen sweet dough quality. The rheological attributes such as hardness, ΔS, springiness, tan δ and yeast activity declined significantly during frozen storage. This modification led to lower specific volume of frozen sweet dough during proofing.The observed changes of the frozen sweet doughs rheological properties after thawing may be attributed to the damage on the gluten cross-linking, mainly produced by the ice crystallization during frozen storage. The storage effect was particularly concentrated in the first 27 days of storage.     

Combined effects of freezing rate, storage temperature and time on bread dough and baking properties

This study compares the effects of freezing temperature and rate as well as storage temperature and time on the quality of frozen dough. Yeasted bread dough was frozen using four freezing rates (19-69 °C/h), then stored at −10, −20, −30, or −35 °C for up to 180 days. Dough strength diminished with longer storage time and higher storage temperatures. Cryo-SEM showed that dough stored at −30 and −35 °C had the least damaged gluten network. NMR studies showed that more rapidly frozen dough, and that stored at lower temperatures had lower transverse relaxation (T₂) times (9-10 ms). However, dough stored at −20 °C displayed the highest yeast activity among samples. Bread loaf volume decreased with storage time, and bread made from dough stored at −20 °C showed the highest loaf volume. Breads produced from −30 and −35 °C stored dough displayed less change in the texture profile during storage as well as less change in T₂ values. Response surface analysis showed that optimal properties occurred at freezing rates of around 19-41 °C/h and storage temperatures of −15 to −20 °C.     

小麦粉糊化特性与冷冻面团(馒头)品质关系研究

选取筋力各不相同的18种小麦粉为研究对象,测定其糊化特性,并进行冷冻面团馒头的制作实验,分析小麦粉糊化特性与冷冻面团馒头质构特性(TPA)和感官品质的关系。结果显示,两者关系密切。高中低三种不同筋力小麦粉表现出的糊化特性和冷冻面团馒头品质不同,高筋粉所制冷冻面团综合品质较好,低筋粉最差。峰值粘度与冷冻面团馒头的TPA硬度呈显著负相关;低谷粘度与回复性显著正相关;衰减值与TPA硬度显著正相关,与感官总得分、外观状况、柔软度呈极显著或显著负相关;糊化温度与TPA弹性和粘着性显著正相关,与冷冻面团馒头瓤的白度呈显著负相关;崩溃值与冷冻面团馒头比容呈负相关,关系接近显著。     

抗冻蛋白对预发酵冷冻面团发酵流变特性和馒头品质的影响

运用F4发酵流变仪、质构仪等研究冻藏和冻融循环下抗冻蛋白对预醒发冷冻面团发酵流变学特性和馒头品质的影响。结果表明:随着冻藏时间的延长和冻融循环次数的增加,冷冻面团馒头的比容减小,硬度和咀嚼性明显增大,弹性和回复性下降。冷冻面团的最大发酵高度、气体总释放量和气体释放最大高度均明显下降。说明冻藏和冻融循环严重影响了酵母的产气能力和面团的持气性,与冻藏和冻融循环过程中重结晶和大冰晶的形成有关。添加抗冻蛋白的冷冻面团馒头品质得到明显改善,说明抗冻蛋白能够减缓冷冻面团馒头冻藏和冻融循环过程中品质下降。     

冻结速率对冻鸭品质特性的影响

鲜鸭分别于-35℃浸渍冷冻液和风冷冷库中冻至-18℃,然后在-18℃保藏库中贮藏5个月,以解冻汁液流失、蒸煮损失、肌肉剪切力、色泽、pH、TVB-N和微生物为指标,研究冻结速率不同对鸭在冷冻和贮藏过程中品质变化的影响,采用回归分析预测其贮藏期。结果表明:鸭体中心温度降到-18℃,浸渍式冷冻处理组用时仅仅52min,显著短于风冷组的738min;除pH值无显著差异外,浸渍式冷冻组的其他各项品质指标显著优于风冷冷冻组。