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1.
常用淀粉对甘薯粉糊化特性的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
利用Brabender粘度仪考察了几种常用淀粉对甘薯粉糊化特性的影响,认为马铃薯、甘薯淀粉使甘薯粉糊化温度降低,玉米、木薯淀粉则使其升高;甘薯、玉米淀粉使甘薯粉糊化时间延长。添加各种淀粉均可使甘薯粉的峰谷粘度提高;马铃薯、玉米淀粉还可大幅度提高其峰值粘度。但马铃薯淀粉粘度破损值大,玉米淀粉破损值小、峰谷粘度高。  相似文献   

2.
霍力  杨铭铎 《食品科学》1997,18(1):63-65
比较研究了玉米淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、小麦淀粉、绿豆淀粉、藕粉的糊化、老化物性;酸、碱、盐、味精、食糖分别及综合对淀粉糊粘度的影响。从而得出了最佳句交工艺条件。结果表明:(1)淀粉糊的粘度依次是,马铃薯>玉米>藕粉>绿豆>小麦;除小麦淀粉外4种淀粉均适合于烹调勾芡;(2)料水比越大淀粉糊粘度越小。最佳料水比为1:20;(3)淀粉糊的相对老化速度是:小麦>玉米>马铃薯>藕粉>绿豆;(4)使淀粉糊粘度增加的因素有蔗糖、味精和碱,使之下降的因素有食盐和酸;(5)各种淀粉糊的保温物性基本相同;(6)调味品综合因素使淀粉芡汁的粘度下降,顺序是小麦>藕粉>绿豆>马铃薯>玉米。  相似文献   

3.
本文以市售马铃薯、红薯、绿豆、玉米淀粉为对照,采用电子显微镜、粘度分析仪、质构仪研究了秦巴山区栓皮栎橡子淀粉的颗粒形貌、直支链淀粉含量、糊化特性、冻融稳定性、凝胶特性。结果表明:栓皮栎橡子淀粉颗粒呈肾形、三角形、卵圆形、球形等,平均粒径9.4μm,均小于对照淀粉颗粒;栓皮栎橡子淀粉糊化温度71.23℃,糊化粘度值大于玉米而小于马铃薯、绿豆和红薯淀粉,热糊稳定性优于红薯、绿豆、马铃薯而劣于玉米淀粉,回生速度快于马铃薯、玉米、红薯而慢于绿豆淀粉,冻融稳定性优于马铃薯淀粉而劣于绿豆、玉米、红薯淀粉;在同浓度下,栓皮栎橡子淀粉凝胶的硬度、胶着性、咀嚼性小于绿豆淀粉而大于玉米、马铃薯、红薯淀粉,其凝胶弹性大于马铃薯淀粉凝胶,而与玉米和绿豆淀粉凝胶相当,小于红薯淀粉凝胶,粘聚性和恢复性均大于对照淀粉凝胶,宜作为面条、粉条、粉皮、凉粉和等凝胶类食品的辅助品质改良材料以及作为稳定剂应用于糖果和烘焙工业当中,不宜用于冷冻食品。  相似文献   

4.
马铃薯羧甲基淀粉糊化特性研究   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
徐忠 《食品科学》2001,22(2):25-28
对马铃薯羧甲基淀粉糊性质进行了详细的研究,包括不同取代度羧甲基淀粉糊化温度,糊的冻融稳定性、透明性、抗霉生长能力及温度、浓度、回旋速度、pH值和介质对羧甲基淀粉糊粘度性质的影响。结果表明,马铃薯羧甲基淀粉具有低温易糊化,糊凝沉性弱,冻融稳定性好,抗霉能力强和透明度高的优良性质。氯化钠及钙离子对马铃薯羧甲基淀粉粘度性质有较大的影响。  相似文献   

5.
铃薯羧甲基淀粉糊化特性研究   总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10  
徐忠 《食品科学》2001,22(2):25-28
对马铃薯羧甲基淀粉糊性质进行了详细的研究,包括不同取代度羧甲基淀粉糊化温度,糊的冻融稳定性、透明性、抗霉生长能力及温度、浓度、回旋速度、pH值和介质对羧甲基淀粉糊粘度性质的影响。结果表明,马铃薯羧甲基淀粉具有低温易糊化,糊凝沉性弱,冻融稳定性好,抗霉能力强和透明度高的优良性质。氯化钠及钙离子对马铃薯羧甲基淀粉粘度性质有较大的影响。  相似文献   

6.
氯化钠对5种不同植物来源淀粉糊特性的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以马铃薯淀粉、红薯淀粉、玉米淀粉、绿豆淀粉和小麦淀粉为研究对象,探究氯化钠对淀粉糊特性的影响。结果表明:小麦淀粉的糊化温度最高,添加2%氯化钠后,各淀粉糊化温度均有所提高,峰值黏度出现的时间延后,薯类淀粉和玉米淀粉的崩解值和回升值下降,糊化过程中淀粉颗粒的粒径减小;淀粉的凝沉性、溶解度和膨胀度增大,冻融稳定性得到改善;马铃薯淀粉的透明度较大,除了玉米淀粉,其余淀粉糊的透明度呈下降趋势;在凝胶特性方面,氯化钠能够降低各淀粉的凝胶强度,增大薯类淀粉凝胶的黏度。  相似文献   

7.
《粮食与油脂》2016,(9):19-22
以玉米淀粉、木薯淀粉和马铃薯淀粉为对照,分析了凉薯淀粉的颗粒形貌及大小、溶解度、膨胀度和糊化特性等理化性质。结果表明:凉薯淀粉颗粒形状多为不规则多边形,少数为圆形,粒径范围为3~11μm,平均粒径为8μm,小于其他三种淀粉;溶解度和膨胀度比木薯淀粉和玉米淀粉高,比马铃薯淀粉低,且随温度升高,溶解度和膨胀度显著增大;糊化温度为80℃,高于其他三种淀粉,峰值黏度小于木薯、马铃薯淀粉,高于玉米淀粉,糊化热稳定性比其他三种淀粉强,回生能力比玉米、马铃薯淀粉强,比木薯淀粉弱;透明度较低,易凝沉,表观黏度较小,表现出剪切稀释现象,冻融稳定性较差;凝胶硬度、咀嚼性、黏聚性、黏附性远低于马铃薯、木薯淀粉,高于玉米淀粉,且凝胶弹性最低。  相似文献   

8.
通过水磨法提取竹豆淀粉,并以马铃薯淀粉和玉米淀粉作对照,研究了竹豆淀粉的理化特性。实验结果表明:竹豆淀粉中直链淀粉含量高于马铃薯淀粉和玉米淀粉;溶解度和膨胀势低于马铃薯淀粉但高于玉米淀粉;透明度最低,冻融稳定性最高;凝胶特性中的黏聚性和恢复性较强,硬度较大;糊化特性中的破损值最小,回生值最大,黏度和糊化温度较高。因此,可以根据竹豆淀粉的理化特性和不同类型食品品质特性的要求将竹豆淀粉应用到各种食品中。  相似文献   

9.
玉米淀粉的粒度效应对其糊化行为影响研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
研究和探讨了经过机械微细化处理的不同粒度玉米淀粉的糊化特性,结果表明,随着玉米淀粉粒度的降低,其糊化温度下降,糊化温度区间缩小,淀粉糊的粘度下降,但热糊稳定性增加。由于微细化处理后淀粉凝沉性增强,淀粉糊的透明度随淀粉粒度的下降而降低。  相似文献   

10.
刘丹  尹显锋 《现代食品科技》2009,25(10):1200-1203,1134
为了促进泽泻淀粉的利用,本试验研究了泽泻辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的制备、性质和酶解对淀粉酯性质的影响。结果表明:(1)在相同制备条件下,泽泻辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的取代度和反应效率都高于马铃薯和玉米淀粉酯。(2)泽泻淀粉酯化后,颗粒表面有腐蚀现象。(3)随取代度增加,淀粉酯的糊化温度降低,峰值粘度增加。(4)水解率(DE%)增加,酶解淀粉酯的糊化温度降低,糊的峰值粘度与回升值下降,乳化稳定性能增强。  相似文献   

11.
Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.  相似文献   

12.
An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.  相似文献   

13.
The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.  相似文献   

14.
The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.  相似文献   

15.
16.
A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.  相似文献   

17.
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH3CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH2PO4-20.6 mM Na2B4O7 buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.  相似文献   

18.
BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H2O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.  相似文献   

19.
An investigation is described in which various polyfunctional compounds were applied to wool in attempts to stabilize the temporary improvements in wrinkle-recovery brought about by ‘annealing’. Several reactive systems involving formaldehyde were found to produce the desired permanently improved wrinkle-recovery.  相似文献   

20.
A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.  相似文献   

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