纸机系统清洗原理及在造纸生产中的应用

对纸机系统清洗技术及相关原理进行了阐述,结合生产实际,以短循环碱性和酸性系统清洗为例,对纸机系统清洗所需的方法步骤、注意事项、过程监测及评价方法等进行了说明,为纸机系统清洗,有效减少断纸、纸张孔洞等生产质量问题提供了理论和实践参考。     

新闻纸抄造过程中的过滤设备

为提高成纸质量和白水循环使用的效率,在纸机系统中使用了多种过滤器.主要介绍了纸机清水系统、自水系统中过滤器的安装位置、作用和工作原理.     

纸机干燥部循环润滑系统关键控制参数的研究

介绍了纸机干燥部循环润滑系统的组成,分析了水分和温度对纸机干燥部润滑油性能的影响,对纸机干燥部润滑系统中水分的危害进行了探讨,进一步提出了对纸机干燥部循环润滑系统关键参数进行控制的必要性和潜在价值。最后,对纸机干燥部润滑系统关键参数的控制进行了研究。     

OPTI纸机循环润滑系统简介

ＯＰＴＩ纸机是目前世界上设计最合理、性能最精良、技术最先进的纸机 ,它具有高速低耗、幅宽等优点 ,它的润滑系统也有一些独到之处。1　ＯＰＴＩ纸机循环润滑油系统简介系统分两部分 :湿部润滑油站和干部润滑油站。湿部润滑油站主要给成形部和压榨部的各个辊子轴承和齿箱供油 ;干部润滑油系统主要给干燥部、压光部、卷取部的轴承和齿箱供油。1.1　润滑油站的构成润滑油泵、压力过滤器、油冷却器、控制阀、安全阀、旁通流量过滤器、温度传感器、加热电阻器、液位开关、液位传感器、液位指示镜、空气过滤器、空气干燥器等设备构成 ,见图 1。…     

造纸过程腐浆控制

主要探讨了造纸系统中微生物的来源、种类以及造成纸机系统产生腐浆的机理,介绍了通过在纸机系统中添加杀菌剂来有效地控制系统腐浆的产生,并探讨了相关加入方法与作用机理。     

ABB公司与宁夏美利集团又签新订单

近日，ABB与宁夏美利集团签约了一笔新订单。ABB将向宁夏美利集团年产30万t涂布纸板项目提供包括过程控制系统、纸机系统传动、盘磨电机和涂料制备系统等一整套纸机系统解决方案。     

纸机系统中的微生物问题及控制

介绍了纸机系统中常见的微生物以及由此所引发的问题,对纸机系统中影响微生物生长的因素和微生物的测试方法以及如何合理控制系统中的微生物问题进行了阐述;并简单介绍了当前国外先进微生物黏泥的控制技术及发展方向。     

造纸系统中微生物的优化控制方案

为降低生产成本和减少环境污染,造纸企业加大循环利用废纸和造纸白水的力度,然而这却把大量细菌等微生物带进纸机系统中.本文重点讨论了造纸系统中出现的微生物问题,微生物的控制方法,以及杀菌防腐剂的应用,最后提出控制微生物的策略.     

荧光减除剂PAS在食品 烟草 医药包装等纸种的广泛应用

正荧光减除剂PAS是一类专用于消除系统荧光增白剂的阳离子水溶性聚合物,在纸机系统改换生产品种或希望生产不含荧光增白剂的特种包装纸时,可以专门使用在造纸系统的浆内和白水循环体系的各管路系统及设备中来中和系统中的阴离子发光基团,有效地减少荧光增白剂对纸张的增白作用,并快速消除循环系统和浆料中的残余荧光增白剂。在传统的造纸过程中,如果改换纸种或生产不含荧光的特种纸(如食品包装纸,口杯纸,烟包纸,圣经     

ABB与宁夏美利合作

近日，ABB与宁夏美利集团签约，向宁夏美利纸业年产30万吨涂布纸板项目提供包括过程控制系统，纸机系统传动、盘磨电机和涂料制备系统等一整套纸机系统解决方案，帮助其扩大造纸生产规模，提高产品质量。     

染整企业导热油输送管网的流动阻损

针对染整导热油热力循环系统出现的管道阻力增大,而引起循环系统进出口油温温差过大的现象进行分析研究。以企业为例对导热油热力循环系统的压降、局部阻力和沿程阻力进行了理论计算和分析。结果表明：热油输送管道的总压力损失为1 980 kPa,由于胶质物黏附在油管内壁,使摩擦阻力增大了278 kPa,占运行阻力的14.05%,表明导热油热力循环系统的阻力增大主要是由油管道延长而引起的;当导热油进出口油温设计温差为25°C,导热油速度为2.38 m/s 时,由于导热油运行产生的胶质物而引起的沿程阻力增加,可增加575kPa的阻力损失,所以建议对使用超过1年的导热油管道进行管道清洗。     

Life cycle Greenhouse gas emissions of current Oil Sands Technologies: surface mining and in situ applications

Life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with two major recovery and extraction processes currently utilized in Alberta's oil sands, surface mining and in situ, are quantified. Process modules are developed and integrated into a life cycle model-GHOST (GreenHouse gas emissions of current Oil Sands Technologies) developed in prior work. Recovery and extraction of bitumen through surface mining and in situ processes result in 3-9 and 9-16 g CO(2)eq/MJ bitumen, respectively; upgrading emissions are an additional 6-17 g CO(2)eq/MJ synthetic crude oil (SCO) (all results are on a HHV basis). Although a high degree of variability exists in well-to-wheel emissions due to differences in technologies employed, operating conditions, and product characteristics, the surface mining dilbit and the in situ SCO pathways have the lowest and highest emissions, 88 and 120 g CO(2)eq/MJ reformulated gasoline. Through the use of improved data obtained from operating oil sands projects, we present ranges of emissions that overlap with emissions in literature for conventional crude oil. An increased focus is recommended in policy discussions on understanding interproject variability of emissions of both oil sands and conventional crudes, as this has not been adequately represented in previous studies.     

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF SOYBEAN OIL PRODUCTION

A life cycle assessment (LCA) case study was conducted on the processing of soybeans to soybean oil. Three stages of soybean oil processing are studied in detail: preprocessing, extraction and separation, and postprocessing. For extraction, hexane (current industrial process) and supercritical CO₂ (research and development [R & D ] laboratory‐scale process) methods are compared in detail. The initial life cycle comparison found that the laboratory‐scale CO₂ system was not as good in life cycle impacts as the hexane system. However, reasonable engineering improvements typical of scale‐up practices would make the CO₂ technology better than hexane and eliminate the hexane emissions. Utilization of membrane techniques to separate the small molecular CO₂ from the soybean oil hydrocarbon appears to be a much better R & D direction for development. This article illustrates the ability to use life cycle as an aid to R & D to select more advantageous directions for process improvement.     

Environmental impacts in the life cycle of olive oil: a literature review

The production of olive oil is considered to be one of the largest agricultural business sectors in the Mediterranean area. Apart from its significant impact on the economies of countries in Southern Europe, Northern Africa and Middle East, olive oil production also involves considerable social and environmental considerations. However, despite such importance, the environmental effects of olive oil production have not been studied as much other agricultural productions and farming systems, which are more characteristic of central and northern Europe. We present a thorough and systematic literature review of scientific publications with respect to the use of environmental tools in the life cycle of olive oil. The analysis takes into consideration the farming of olive trees, the manufacture of olive oil, packaging, transportation and reverse logistics. To that end, journal publications up to 2015 in this specific field are recorded and, at the same time, the most important environmental impacts are revealed and a gap analysis is carried out. The analysis conducted reveals that farming of olive trees (with pesticide use and waste/by‐product production being the ‘hottest’ topics) and the manufacturing of olive oil (concentrating mostly on waste/by‐product production and management) are the phases with the highest environmental focus from the scientific community. Moreover, gaps in the literature are detected mostly with respect to fuel consumption and the use and promotion of renewable energy sources in olive oil production. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

Land use greenhouse gas emissions from conventional oil production and oil sands

Debates surrounding the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from land use of biofuels production have created a need to quantify the relative land use GHG intensity of fossil fuels. When contrasting land use GHG intensity of fossil fuel and biofuel production, it is the energy yield that greatly distinguishes the two. Although emissions released from land disturbed by fossil fuels can be comparable or higher than biofuels, the energy yield of oil production is typically 2-3 orders of magnitude higher, (0.33-2.6, 0.61-1.2, and 2.2 5.1 PJ/ha) for conventional oil production, oil sands surface mining, and in situ production, respectively). We found that land use contributes small portions of GHGs to life cycle emissions of California crude and in situ oil sands production ( <0.4% or < 0.4 gCO?e/MJ crude refinery feedstock) and small to modest portions for Alberta conventional oil (0.1-4% or 0.1-3.4 gCO?e/MJ) and surface mining of oil sands (0.9-11% or 0.8-10.2 gCO?e/MJ).Our estimates are based on assumptions aggregated over large spatial and temporal scales and assuming 100% reclamation. Values on finer spatial and temporal scales that are relevant to policy targets need to account for site-specific information, the baseline natural and anthropogenic disturbance.     

Operation of marine diesel engines on biogenic fuels: modification of emissions and resulting climate effects

The modification of emissions of climate-sensitive exhaust compounds such as CO(2), NO(x), hydrocarbons, and particulate matter from medium-speed marine diesel engines was studied for a set of fossil and biogenic fuels. Applied fossil fuels were the reference heavy fuel oil (HFO) and the low-sulfur marine gas oil (MGO); biogenic fuels were palm oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil, and animal fat. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions related to the production of biogenic fuels were treated by means of a fuel life cycle analysis which included land use changes associated with the growth of energy plants. Emissions of CO(2) and NO(x) per kWh were found to be similar for fossil fuels and biogenic fuels. PM mass emission was reduced to 10-15% of HFO emissions for all low-sulfur fuels including MGO as a fossil fuel. Black carbon emissions were reduced significantly to 13-30% of HFO. Changes in emissions were predominantly related to particulate sulfate, while differences between low-sulfur fossil fuels and low-sulfur biogenic fuels were of minor significance. GHG emissions from the biogenic fuel life cycle (FLC) depend crucially on energy plant production conditions and have the potential of shifting the overall GHG budget from positive to negative compared to fossil fuels.     

Design of hard water stable emulsifier systems for petroleum- and bio-based semi-synthetic metalworking fluids

Metalworking fluids (MWFs) increase productivity and the quality of manufacturing operations by cooling and lubricating during metal forming and cutting processes. Despite their widespread use, they pose significant health and environmental hazards throughout their life cycle. An obvious environmental improvement to MWF technology would be to improve the lifetime of the fluid while utilizing more environmentally friendly and less energy-consuming materials without compromising existing performance levels. This investigation focuses on the design of mixed anionionc:nonionic emulsifier systems for petroleum and bio-based MWFs that improve fluid lifetime by providing emulsion stability under hard water conditions, a common cause of emulsion destabilization leading to MWF disposal. Experimental conditions were designed to evaluate the impact of emulsifier structural characteristics (straight chain, branched tail, branched head) and the molar ratios of anionic to nonionic surfactant and oil to total surfactant. Results from the 2500 formulations generated indicate that the use of a twin-headed anionic surfactant can provide improved hard water stability for both mineral oil- and vegetable oil-based formulations, even in the absence of a chelating agent and a coupler. Results also suggest that an oil:total surfactant molar ratio of 0.5 or less is necessary for particle size stability in hard water conditions for these systems. The newly developed petroleum and bio-based formulations with improved hard water stability are competitive with commercially available MWFs in performance evaluations for tramp oil rejection, contact angle, and tapping torque efficiency. These results can be used to design MWF formulations with fewer components and extended lifetime under hard water conditions, both of which would lead to a reduction in the life cycle environmental impact of MWFs.     

Effects of estradiol benzoate and estrus on N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase activity and somatic cell concentration in milk

Quarter composite milk samples were obtained from five cows free of intramammary infection throughout an estrous cycle and after injection of corn oil and of estradiol benzoate (1 microgram/kg body weight) in corn oil. Samples were assayed for NAGase activity and somatic cell concentration. Least squares means for the enzyme were 1.46, 1.47, 1.43, and 1.41 natural logarithm nanomoles per minute per milliliter for control, estrus, corn oil, and estradiol benzoate, respectively. Milk somatic cell count means were 2.77, 2.71, 2.92, and 3.10 loge X 10(3) cells/ml. Treatment had no significant effect on enzyme activity or cell counts. Results suggest no adjustment of NAGase or cell count is necessary for stage of estrous cycle. When administered at physiological dosages, exogenous estrogen did not appear to influence either measure.     

A comparative life cycle assessment of petroleum and soybean-based lubricants

A comparative life cycle assessment examining soybean and petroleum-based lubricants is compiled using Monte Carlo analysis to assess system variability. Experimental data obtained from an aluminum manufacturing facility indicate significantly less soybean lubricant is required to achieve similar or superior performance. With improved performance and a lower use rate, a transition to soybean oil results in lower aggregate impacts of acidification, smog formation, and human health from criteria pollutants. Regardless of quantity consumed, soybean-based lubricants exhibit significant climate change and fossil fuel use benefits; however, eutrophication impacts are much greater due to non-point nutrient emissions. Fundamental tradeoffs in the carbon and nitrogen cycles are addressed in the analysis, demonstrating that a transition to soybean oil may result in climate change benefits at the expense of regional water quality.     

牛至精油抑菌及抗氧化性能研究

利用超临界CO2萃取法从牛至中提取精油,研究测定了牛至精油对各种供试菌种的抑菌圈直径,加热处理及pH值对牛至精油抑菌效果的影响,同时研究了牛至精油的抗氧化效果。结果表明,牛至精油对各供试菌种的抑菌圈直径在14.7~25.3 mm之间,表明牛至精油对G+和G-细菌、霉菌和酵母菌均有很强的抑制作用;牛至精油的抑菌效果随pH值的降低而增强;121℃,15min加热处理对牛至精油的抑菌效果无明显影响;牛至精油还具有一定的抗氧化性能。