张氏马尾藻甘露醇的提取工艺

为优化张氏马尾藻甘露醇的提取工艺,研究分析浸提温度、料液比以及浸提时间对甘露醇提取效果的影响,通过单因素试验和正交试验得到提取甘露醇的最佳工艺参数：浸提温度100℃,料液比1∶100（g/mL）,浸提时间2.0 h。在此最佳工艺条件下,甘露醇提取量达5.636 mg/g。此外,对提取效果影响最大的因素是浸提温度,其次是料液比,影响最小的是浸提时间。     

金银花中绿原酸提取工艺研究

以金银花为原料,采用醇提水沉法提取绿原酸,考察乙醇深度、料液比、浸提时间和浸提温度对绿原酸提取率的影响。采用正交试验对工艺条件进行了优化研究,结果表明最佳工艺条件为：乙醇浓度60%,料液比1：25,浸提时间60min、浸提温度60℃。在最佳工艺条件下进行提取,提取率为463mg/g.     

绿茶中提取茶多糖最佳工艺的优化

采用单因素实验和L9(34)正交实验对绿茶中茶多糖的提取工艺进行了研究,研究了料水质量比、浸提温度、浸提时间、浸提次数对茶多糖提取的影响。结果表明,影响茶多糖得率的主次因素为:料水质量比、浸提温度、浸提次数、浸提时间;最佳提取工艺条件为:料水质量比为1∶25,提取温度85℃,提取时间为90min,提取1次。在此最佳工艺条件下,茶多糖得率为1.92%。     

大豆皂甙提取工艺的研究

对大豆中总皂甙的乙醇提取工艺进行了研究。以齐墩果酸为对照品用吸光光度法，通过L9（3^4）正交试验，优选了工业参数。结果表明：对提取效果影响因素依次为乙醇体积分数〉浸提温度〉料液比〉浸提时间。最佳提取工艺条件是：体积分数75％乙醇、料液比1：30、浸提温度80℃，浸提时间5h，提取率为1．05％。     

响应面分析法优化莲花蜂花粉多糖提取工艺研究

为研究水提法提取莲花蜂花粉多糖的条件,在单因素试验的基础上,根据Box-Behnken 试验设计原理,选取料液比、浸提时间和浸提温度三因素三水平进行响应面分析,建立多糖提取率的二次回归方程,得到提取工艺的优化组合条件。结果表明：料液比、浸提时间和浸提温度对莲花蜂花粉多糖提取率都有显著影响,当提取工艺条件为料液比1:9.4(g/mL)、浸提时间2.4h、浸提温度81.6℃、浸提2 次时,莲花蜂花粉多糖提取率预测值为1.2201%、验证值为1.2317%。     

丁香总酚提取工艺研究

研究丁香总酚的水浴提取工艺。以丁香为原料,超纯水为提取溶剂,没食子酸为标准品,采用了Folin-Ciocalteu比色法测定丁香提取液中总酚的含量,通过单因素实验和三因素三水平正交实验,探寻浸提时间、浸提温度和料液比对丁香总酚提取的影响并优化提取工艺。研究结果表明:在试验范围内影响丁香总酚提取率的主次因素依次为料液比浸提时间浸提温度;丁香总酚提取的最佳工艺参数为:料液比、浸提温度和浸提时间分别为1∶85、75℃和50min,在此条件下,试验得到的丁香总酚提取率为125.94mg/g。经验证,标准偏差为0.014。本研究实现了对丁香总酚水浴提取工艺的优化;研究可为进一步开发利用丁香提供参考数据。     

超声优化柑橘皮水溶性活性成分的提取工艺研究

以柑橘皮水溶性活性成分为研究对象,超声辅助浸提为手段,先经单因素试验研究,分别考察料液比、温度、pH值及浸提时间对其提取效果的影响。在此基础上进一步通过正交试验设计结合响应面分析,得出最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1：20,浸提温度45．8℃,pH值6．0,超声浸提时间25．0min,测得吸光度值为0．709,浸提效果显著。     

玉米黄色素的提取工艺探讨

对玉米蛋白粉中黄色素的提取条件进行了系统的研究；结果表明，提取的最佳工艺条件是：用95％乙醇为浸提剂，在料液比为1：16，温度为65℃的条件下，浸提时间为4小时。     

正交试验法优选坛紫菜多糖的提取工艺

目的：对常规法提取紫菜多糖的工艺进行优化；方法：L16（4^4）正交试验及方差分析；结果：影响紫菜多糖热水提取的主要因素为醇沉浓度，其次是浸提时间，再次是浸提温度和料液比；结论：常规法提取紫菜多糖的优选方案为浸提温度80℃、浸提时间1．5h、料液比1：20、醇沉浓度90％。     

亚麻胶浸提工艺研究

以亚麻籽皮为原料,水为浸提溶剂,浸提亚麻胶。研究了浸提时间、温度、料液质量比、脱胶次数对亚麻胶得率的影响,确定亚麻胶提取最佳工艺条件为：浸提温度80℃、时间40 min、料液质量比1∶15、脱胶次数2次。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.