填经纱对三维角连锁结构复合材料准静态侵彻性能的影响

为研究填经纱对三维角连锁结构增强复合材料准静态侵彻性能的影响,以玻璃纤维为原料制备4种经向截面结构具有不同填经纱层数的三维角连锁结构机织物,并以真空辅助成型工艺获得复合材料,采用集中准静态压痕试验方法获得侵彻位移载荷、位移瞬时能量吸收量曲线,分析材料在准静态侵彻下的力学响应历程及特性。结果表明,在立体织物的经向增加填经纱,各组填经纱在复合材料的位移瞬时能量吸收量曲线中均对应有明显的能量吸收区,使复合材料所能承受的最大侵彻载荷和能量吸收能力增加,但复合材料的破坏位移却减少。     

四步法三维编织复合材料的动态拉伸性能

为研究四步法三维玻璃纤维/环氧编织复合材料在不同应变率下的拉伸破坏模式,对四步法三维玻璃纤维/环氧编织复合材料在准静态和高应变率载荷下的单向拉伸性能进行了测试。运用间接分离式Hopkinson拉杆(SHTB杆)测试了应变率在800~2 100 s-1范围内单轴向上的拉伸性能,同时测试了材料在准静态下的力学性能,并与高应变率下的力学性能做比较。结果表明:四步法三维玻璃纤维/环氧编织复合材料是应变率敏感材料;随着应变率的增加,其拉伸模量和最大应力都增加,而相应最大应力的应变则减小。     

三维编织和角联锁复合材料的高速冲击响应

为了探究三维纺织结构复合材料高速冲击下应变率效应和结构效应，制备了碳纤维增强三维编织和三维角联锁复合材料，采用霍普金森压杆(SHPB)系统和高速摄影系统记录了三维编织和三维角联锁复合材料在高速冲击过程中应力应变曲线和渐进损伤过程。结果表明：编织和角联锁复合材料在高速冲击下都具有一定的应变率效应，并且都呈现剪切损伤，但编织复合材料呈现明显延性损伤而角联锁复合材料呈现明显脆性损伤。由于编织复合材料内部纤维束交织紧密，损伤后仍能承受一定载荷并且结构也能保持完整性，因此相较于三维角联锁复合材料，三维编织复合材料具有更好的抗冲击性能。     

三维编织复合材料拉伸与弯曲声发射特征分析

论述了声发射技术在三维编织复合材料拉伸和弯曲过程中的应用以及试验方法,描述了三维编织复合材料拉伸与弯曲过程中声发射的特征。拉伸试验结果表明:编织角小的试件,其应力应变曲线基本为直线,损伤为脆性特征;编织角大的试件,应力应变曲线表现出双线性,各自呈现出脆性破坏特征。弯曲试验表明:小编织角复合材料的载荷挠度曲线保持线性关系;大编织角复合材料的载荷挠度曲线是非线性关系。     

芳纶三维编织复合材料的抗冲击性能研究

用三维纺织结构复合材料的纤维倾斜模型在准细观结构层次上分解三维编织复合材料 ,建立与三维编织复合材料具有相同纤维体积含量的单向板细观模型。用动态显式算法有限元程序模拟倾斜单向板弹道侵彻破坏过程 ,并得到弹体贯穿靶体后的剩余速度和靶体变形形态。计算结果与弹道测试结果的比较证明在三维编织复合材料细观结构简化方案基础上计算三维编织复合材料弹道冲击性能的有效性。并简要讨论靶板破坏方式和破坏机理     

三维编织复合材料T型梁的低温场弯曲性能

为研究三维编织复合材料T型梁低温环境下的弯曲力学性能,以指导耐低温抗弯曲三维编织复合材料结构设计,采用真空辅助树脂传递模塑成型工艺制备不同筋高高度三维编织复合材料T型梁,自制低温环境箱,与MTS 810.23型材料测试系统相结合测试三维编织复合材料T型梁在不同低温下的弯曲力学性能。结果表明:随测试温度的降低,三维编织复合材料T型梁载荷增加,位移增大,能量吸收增加;随筋高高度的增加,三维编织复合材料T型梁载荷增加,位移减小,能量吸收增加,抗弯刚度增强;三维编织复合材料T型梁由较高温度下不同程度的屈服断裂转变为低温下的脆性断裂,随着筋高高度增加,失效模式由弯曲失效转变为剪切失效。     

横向冲击下双轴向经编玻璃纤维板的力学性能

采用MTS材料试验机和Hopkinson压杆,测试横向冲击下双轴向经编玻璃纤维织物增强不饱和聚酯树脂复合材料的静动态力学性质,得出准静态加载和动态冲击下载荷与位移曲线、材料破坏模式及能量吸收位移曲线.研究结果表明,整个准静态横向加载过程可分为2个阶段,即上升阶段和下降阶段.在准静态横向加载下,材料缓慢变形,是整体结构的...     

EPE缓冲材料的静态压缩性能试验研究

目的:研究聚乙烯发泡结构材料的静态压缩性能,为缓冲包装设计提供数据支持。方法:选用EPE缓冲材料,依据《包装用缓冲材料静态压缩试验方法》对EPE的缓冲性能进行测试,对比分析EPE缓冲包装材料的压缩形变性能、载荷—位移曲线试验数据。结果:EPE发泡结构材料,回复能力较强,回复率均达到80%以上,能够适应多次压缩。EPE载荷—位移曲线存在两个明显的变形区域,一是厚度压缩率为0%-75%之间,载荷变化范围较窄,位移量变化较大;二是厚度压缩率约在75%以上,位移量变化较小,载荷急剧上升。结论:EPE发泡结构材料的压缩恢复性能、压缩率与EPE的厚度有密切关联,载荷—位移曲线的趋势基本一致,随着厚度的增大,材料承受的载荷增加,缓冲性能增强。     

三维多向编织复合材料T型梁抗弯应力分析

针对三维多向编织复合材料结构件承载细观结构优化设计的问题,以三维编织复合材料T型梁为对象,对其抗弯性能进行模拟分析。基于细观结构单胞模型,采用刚度体积平均法计算具有不同编织角的三维四向、五向和六向编织复合材料的弹性常数;利用有限元软件Patran/Nastran计算T型梁承受弯曲载荷的应力与应变,分析纤维束交织结构和细观结构参数对T型梁抗弯性能的影响。结果表明,纤维体积含量一定时,三维六向较三维四向、五向编织复合材料的弹性性能更接近各向同性,同时选择比较大的编织角,可提高T型梁抗弯的承载能力。此方法可为异型三维编织复合材料构件细观结构的选型与参数设计可供参考。     

三维多向编织复合材料T型梁抗弯应力分析

 针对三维多向编织复合材料结构件承载细观结构优化设计的问题,以三维编织复合材料T型梁为对象,对其抗弯性能进行模拟分析。基于细观结构单胞模型,采用刚度体积平均法计算具有不同编织角的三维四向、五向和六向编织复合材料的弹性常数;利用有限元软件Patran/Nastran计算T型梁承受弯曲载荷的应力与应变,分析纤维束交织结构和细观结构参数对T型梁抗弯性能的影响。结果表明,纤维体积含量一定时,三维六向较三维四向、五向编织复合材料的弹性性能更接近各向同性,同时选择比较大的编织角,可提高T型梁抗弯的承载能力。此方法可为异型三维编织复合材料构件细观结构的选型与参数设计可供参考。     

Finite element analyses on longitudinal compressive behaviors of 3D braided carbon /epoxy composite with different braided angles at low temperatures

This paper presents a numerical study on the effect of temperature and braided angle on quasi-static longitudinal compression of 3D braided carbon fiber/epoxy composites. The 3D braided composites with different braided angles, i.e. 26°, 35° and 48° were analyzed to examine the temperature-dependent longitudinal compressive behaviors with finite element method (FEM) based on the full-scale meso-structure model. Three temperatures (20, ?50 and ?100 °C) were used to investigate the influence of temperature on the longitudinal compression behaviors. In addition, the imperfect interface and the fiber waviness were combined into the FEM model. Both interfacial properties and fiber waviness were closely associated with compression modulus of 3D braided composites. The FEM results revealed thermal stress distribution and its influence on stress evolution in braided composites with different braided angles. The influence of temperature on stress distribution manifested the temperature-dependent damage of 3D braided composite.     

Mechanical properties and microstructure of 3D sinking woven quartz fiber-reinforced silica composites by silicasol-infiltration-sintering

Three-dimensional (3D) sinking woven quartz fiber-reinforced silica composites were successfully prepared by silicasol-infiltration-sintering process at a low temperature of 450°C. The density of the composites was 1.74?g/cm³. The characteristics of 3D sinking woven structure were determined. Flexural strength and shear strength of the composites were investigated along the warp and weft directions. Both flexural stress–displacement curves in warp and weft directions had two fractural points, e.g. matrix fracture point and fiber fracture point. The shear stress–displacement curves exhibited mostly nonlinear behavior. The composite in warp and weft direction reflects different shear behavior. Microstructural observations revealed that the adhesion strength between the fibers and the matrix was weak. There was a good state without serious degradation of quartz fibers during the preparation. Apart from these, the composites exhibited an extensive and long fiber pullout in the fracture surface. Crack deflection and fiber pullout contributed to the good toughness of the composites under the loading.     

碳/芳纶混编三维编织复合材料拉伸性能

为分析三维编织复合材料拉伸性能和失效机制,分别以碳纤维和芳纶纤维为轴纱和编织纱织造了三维五向、三维六向碳/芳纶混编复合材料。采用数字图像相关法采集试样在单轴拉伸过程中表面全场应变信息得到的泊松比。结果表明：三维编织复合材料泊松比受编织结构的影响较大,同种编织结构下,碳纤维为轴纱的复合材料基本保持了碳纤维三维编织复合材料的拉伸强度和模量,同时提高了断裂伸长率;芳纶纤维为轴纱的复合材料则显著提高了断裂伸长率,但拉伸强度和模量损失较为明显;同种混编方式下,三维五向编织复合材料的拉伸强度和拉伸模量较三维六向高,断裂伸长率无明显差异。编织纱分别为碳纤维和芳纶纤维的三维编织复合材料高应变区分别类似点阵分布和波浪线分布,三维五向和三维六向编织复合材料高应变区分别呈均匀分散分布和横向分布。     

Axial compressive deformation and damage of four-step 3-D circular braided composite tubes under various strain rates

This paper reports the axial compressive deformation and damage of three-dimensional (3-D) braided carbon/epoxy composite circular tubes under quasi-static and high strain rate loadings. Three kinds of 3-D circular braided composite tubes with different braiding angles of 25°, 35°, and 45° were tested under strain rates of 0.001/s, 330/s, 500/s, and 650/s. The stress–strain curves, deformation and damage of the braided tubes under axial compressions were obtained to analyze the compressive failure mechanisms and the influences of the braiding angles on the compressive behaviors. A finite element model based on the meso-structure of the braided preform and the braided composite was established to reveal the axial compressive deformation and damage mechanisms. The axial compressive behaviors were compared both in the finite element analyses (FEA) results and the tested data, and good agreements were found. From the FEA and experimental results, it was concluded that the compressions deformation, damage, and stress–strain curves are sensitive to the strain rate and the braided angles. The strain rate and braided angle are the key parameters for the design of the braided composite tubes with high compression strength.     

Experimental study on the bending fatigue behaviors of 3D five directional braided T-shaped composites

The static three-point bending properties and cyclic bending fatigue performances of three-dimensional five-directional braided T-beam composite (3D5DBTC) have been investigated at room temperature. The fatigue life of 3D5DBTC under different stress levels was analyzed based on the obtained S–N curves. The load–displacement hysteresis loops curves and stiffness degradation curves were recorded to reveal the relationship between stiffness degradation and damage evolution. It is shown that there were three distinct stages corresponding respectively to matrix cracks, interface debonding, and fiber breaking in the whole fatigue loading. In addition, to understand the ultimate fracture failure mechanism of 3D5DBTC under the different fatigue loading conditions, the damage morphologies of 3D5DBTC after fatigue testing were observed by macrographs and SEM micrographs. The matrix crack and the resin–yarns interface debonding occurred on the flange while fiber breakages occurred in the web. Meanwhile, macrographs and SEM images confirm that fiber breaking is the dominant damage under the high stress level, while matrix cracking and interfacial debonding are the main failure modes at low stress level.     

含轴纱三维编织复合材料的弹性模量

对包含有轴纱的三维编织复合材料的拉伸弹性模量和弯曲弹性模量进行了试验研究和理论分析。研究结果表明,引入合适比例的轴纱不但可以减少编织工作量,还可以提高构件的轴向受力性能;在交织纱和轴纱的比例分别为50/50和75/25时,材料的拉伸弹性模量和弯曲弹性模量达到最佳值。     

Quasi-static compression and compression–compression fatigue characteristics of 3D braided carbon/epoxy tube

This study presents an experimental study of the quasi-static axial compression and compression–compression fatigue behavior of a three-dimensional braided carbon/epoxy composite tube. Three kinds of tubes with different braiding angles, i.e. 25º, 35º, and 45º were used to examine the dependence of fatigue behavior on the braiding parameters. Quasi-static compression and compression–compression cyclic loadings were carried out on the braided composite samples. The S–N [stress and number of cycles to failure] curves, strain–N (number) curves, and damage observation were used to evaluate the behavior of the braided tubes under fatigue loading. The test results showed that braiding angle had significant effect on the ultimate compression strength (UCS) and the number of cycles per stress level that the sample could withstand. The tube with 25º braiding angle had the highest UCS while the tube with 45º braiding angle accumulates high number of cycles for the same stress level as compared to other samples. Damage occurred along the braid angle for 25º tubes while matrix crack plus bulging occurred in the tubes with 35º and 45º braiding angles.     

Effect of surface modification and knife penetration angle on the Quasi-Static Knife Penetration Resistance of para-aramid fabrics

The focus of this paper is to describe the effect of change in surface friction of single layer para-aramid (Twaron^®) square woven fabric and change in knife penetration angle on its Quasi-Static Knife Penetration Resistance (QSKPR). The surface friction of fabric was changed by depositing SiO₂ on its surface by using water glass as a precursor. Six different knife penetration angles (0°, 22.5°, 45°, 67.5°, 90° and 135°) were selected. Untreated and treated fabric samples were compared for change in QSKPR. It was observed that the deposition of SiO₂ on the surface of Twaron^® fabric increased the surface friction which resulted in the increase in QSKPR. The response of fabric against QSKPR changed from partial yarn cutting to individual yarn cutting in fewer steps and load was distributed to a larger area due to decrease in yarn slippage. The change in penetration angle changed the distance, knife cutting edge travelled to cut each next yarn(s) and when this distance increased, the QSKPR was reduced. The post-penetration image analysis of damaged fibres showed that the load distribution among warp and weft yarns was complementary and change in penetration angles changed the distribution of stabbing load among the warp and weft yarns. When yarns with higher tensile strength and less slippage were loaded, the fabric showed highest resistance to penetration. A QSKPR prediction model was also proposed at the end.