七个豇豆品种籽粒的脂肪酸组成

用气相色谱测定了７个豇豆品种籽粒中脂肪酸相对含量。其中月桂酸为０．８９％,豆蔻酸为１．０４％,豆蔻烯酸为１．１２％,棕榈酸为２３．５９％,棕榈烯酸为２．８７％,硬脂酸为３．１０％,油酸为１２．８３％,豆油酸为２７．５９％,亚麻酸为２６．９８％,以上脂肪酸的变异系数依次为１３．４８％,１５．３８％,１９．０６％,４．１５％,２０．５６％,１２．５８％,４９．８１％,１４．５７％,１７．３８％。饱和脂     

不同梨杂交后代果实制汁适性的研究

对6个梨杂交组合的90株杂交后代果实制汁特性进行研究。结果表明：褐变轻的后代数所占比例为4．4％;适合加工清汁的杂交后代所占比例为68．8％;适合加工浊汁的杂交后代所占比例为31．2％。出汁率变化范围为27．1％-85．4％,平均值为50．3％;可溶性固形物含量变化范围为9．0％-16．0％,平均值为11．7％;酸度的变化范围为0．149％～0．847％,平均值为0．290％;色值的变化范围为2．9％-63．6％,平均值为38．0％;透光率的变化范围为57．2％～96．5％。平均值为76．7％。杂交后代A46、果汁颜色淡黄色,色值61．9％,透光率95．2％,出汁率85．4％,可溶性固形物含量11．5％,酸度0．251％,综合制汁适性最佳。     

大豆多肽运动饮料的研制

对大豆多肽运动饮料的工艺进行了研究,其配方为：大豆多肽1．0％,蔗糖5．0％,蜂蜜3．0％,Vc为0．83％,苹果酸为0．83％,柠檬酸为0．83％,羧甲基纤维素为0．10％,西柚浓缩汁（糖度为30．0～38．0Brix,果肉纤维为6．0%～8．0％）1．0％,食盐0．8％。以此配方制作的运动饮料,其感官、口感和外观甚佳。     

几种抗氧化剂对Ti鱼油的抗氧化作用的研究

研究了维生素E（使用浓度为0．1％,1％）,TBHQ（叔丁基对苯二酚,使用浓度为0．02％,0．05％）和生姜油溶性提取物（使用浓度为0．2％,0．5％）对Ti鱼油的抗氧化作用。结果表明,浓度为0．1％的维生素E的抗氧化效果最好。     

不同方法提取辣椒红素的研究

目的探讨不同溶剂和不同时间对辣椒红素提取的影响。方法用70％乙醇、95％乙醇、乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、丙酮、三氯甲烷提取红辣椒中的辣椒红素（单体）;用不同的时间提取红辣椒中的辣椒红素。结果它们的提取率：70％乙醇为0．2190％、95％乙醇为0．2218％、乙酸乙酯为0．2285％、二氯甲烷为0．2205％、丙酮为0．2207％、三氯甲烷为0．2225％。结论六种溶剂中,乙酸乙酯提取率最高（0．2285％）,70％乙醇提取率较低（0．2190％）。各种溶剂的提取时间以1．5h为佳,小于1．5h则提取不完全;大于2h对提取率几乎没影响。     

云南核桃油的特征指标及脂肪酸组成分析研究

对采自云南省核桃主产地的9个核桃样品所提取核桃油以及直接采集的15个成品核桃油样品的主要特征指标和脂肪酸组成进行分析测定。结果显示：核桃油样品的折光指数为1．475-1．477,相对密度为0．916～0．924,碘值为143．7～152．2,皂化值为189．0—200．6;核桃油样品的脂肪酸组成：棕榈酸含量3．08％～7．91％（平均5．79％）,硬脂酸含量1．48％-2．75％（平均2．13％）,油酸含量17．45％～25．57％（平均21．83％）,亚油酸含量56．97％～66．12％（平均61．58％）,亚麻酸含量6．30％～9．65％（平均7．7％）,三种不饱和脂肪酸含量占检测脂肪酸总量的91％以上。     

短程蒸馏用于油脂皂脚中甾醇浓缩的初步试验

米糠油皂脚脂肪酸甲酯，含甾醇４．１８％～４．６８％，在冷热面间距约为５０ｍｍ的实验型短程蒸馏装置中，在压力２０～５０Ｐａ、外壁温度为１７５～２１０℃、进料速度７．７～１０．８ｋｇ／ｍ２．ｈ下，试蒸馏５批，蒸馏脂肪酸甲酯收率为７４．１２％～８１．３３％，蒸馏残留物收率为１５．０５％～２５．３０％。蒸馏脂肪酸甲酯中甾醇含量为０．１８％～０．６５％。蒸馏残留物中甾醇含量为１６．３５％～２７．１７％，残留物中甾醇蒸馏浓缩倍数为３．８３～５．８１。残留物甾醇收率为８７．３９％～９６．８７％。     

用高压蒸煮法研制鲨鱼骨海鲜辣酱

用鲨鱼骨为主要原料,经高温蒸煮后制泥并调配成营养丰富的海鲜辣酱。其配方为：鲨鱼骨泥100％,食盐6．0％,白砂糖10．0％,淀粉3．0％,胳朊酸钠1．0％,黄原胶0．2％,蔗糖酯0．15％,辣椒油6．0％,香辛料0．3％,谷氨酸钠0．5％。     

从蓝色犁头霉中提取壳聚糖

报道了一种从蓝色犁头霉菌丝体细胞壁中提取壳聚精的简便方法。经72h发酵,壳聚糖产量占菌丝体干重的11．72％。纯度为89．36％,游离氨基为92．13％,1％壳聚糖的1％醋酸溶液粘度为230MPa·s,平均分子量为3×105,灰分为8．62％,水分为3．78％。     

湖北早籼稻糙米营养物质可利用率的研究

采用鸡真代谢能法（TME）[1,2]和猪代谢试验,以玉米为对照,在代谢水平上,研究湖北早籼稻糙米的蛋白质、17种氨基酸、无氮浸出物、粗脂肪和能量的可利用性。TME法研究结果,糙米和玉米的干物质、粗蛋白、17种氨基酸、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物及能量的真利用率依次分别为94．38％和81．98％,50．93％和50．51％,77．19％和77．69％,94．12％和83．79％,96．94％和95．14％,81．88％和80．61％,真代谢为13．70MJ·kg-1和13．50MJkg－1。猪代谢试验研究结果,糙米和玉米上述指标的表观代谢率依次分别为93．08％和80．65％,65．03％和59．89％,76．99％和71．55％,90．58％和74．60％,96．73％和87．26％,80．93％和79．25％,表观代谢能为13．56MJ·kg－1和13．27MJ·kg－1。以上结果除干物质和粗脂肪的可利用率差异显著（P＜0．05）外,其余均较接近。研究表明糙米的营养物质可利用特性与玉米的相当,或略显优势。其结果为糙米代替玉米作为优质的能量饲料提供了科学根据。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.