杭白菊挥发油化学成分的气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法从杭白菊中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱对挥发油化学成分进行分析。分离出126个峰,鉴定出50种化合物,应用面积归一化法测定各成份的相对百分含量。杭白菊挥发性成分主要为单萜烯类、倍半萜烯类及其含氧衍生物等。     

松茸挥发油化学成分的气相色谱- 质谱联用分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取松茸中的挥发油,并采用气相色谱- 质谱联用技术(GC-MS)和峰面积归一化法分离分析其化学成分和相对含量,同时探讨其化学成分与松茸特有食用香气之间的关系。结果表明,本法可从松茸挥发油中分离出66 种化合物,鉴定出其中的48 种,占挥发性成分总量的91.76%。松茸挥发油的主要成分有己酸(11.04%)、乙酸冰片酯(11.28%)、肉桂酸甲酯(27.37%)。其中乙酸冰片酯、肉桂酸甲酯是组成松茸独特香气的主要成分。     

菜花中挥发油化学成分气相色谱-质谱联用分析

目的：分析油菜花挥发油中的化学成分。方法：采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取油菜花挥发油,以气相色谱-质谱联用法挥发油中化学成分的分析。结果：共检测出30种成分,并鉴定出其中21种化合物,其相对含量占挥发油总量的97.40%,主要化合物为正四十烷(38.14%)、正四十四烷(30.24%)、异硫氰酸烯丙酯(10.94%)、异硫氰酸丁烯酯(9.56%)、石竹烯(1.02%)、柠檬烯(1.01%)、硫氰酸烯丙酯(0.75%)等。     

气相色谱-质谱法测定藤茶挥发油中化学成分

采用固相微萃取提取藤茶挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱法分离和鉴定挥发油成分,并用归一化法测定其相对含量,共分离出78个组分,鉴定出63种化合物,其含量占挥发油组分的80.6%。藤茶挥发油主要成分：乙醇16.66%、1,3-二叔丁基苯9.44%、2-甲基癸烷4.95%、2,4-二甲基-1-癸烯4.65%、2,4-二甲基-1-庚烯4.51%、7-甲基-十一烯4.45%、2,6-二甲基壬烷4.36%、桧烯1.86%、α-蒎烯1.85%、甲酸乙酯1.83%、十三烷1.72%、β-崖柏酮1.44%、1-十一烯1.29%、2,3,5,8-四甲基-十一烷1.27%、4,6-二甲基-十二烷1.02%等,占挥发性化合物总量的76%。     

同时蒸馏萃取箬竹叶挥发油的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用同时蒸馏萃取装置提取箬竹叶的挥发性成分,然后经气相色谱- 质谱联用技术对挥发性成分进行分离鉴定。分离出了86 种成分,鉴定了其中64 种,占箬竹叶挥发油总峰面积的83.86%。其中主要成分为棕榈酸(18.57%)、茴香脑(11.16%)、植酮(7.15%)、油酸(3.31%)、植醇(3.06%)、α- 紫罗兰酮(3.04%)、对乙烯基愈木酚(2.51%)、2- 羟基肉桂酸(2.51%)、正壬醛(1.22%)、2,6,6- 三甲基-3- 环己烯-1- 乙醇(1.20%)、5,6,7,7a- 四氢化-4,4,7a- 三甲基-2(4H)苯并呋喃酮(1.17%)、4-(2,6,6- 三甲基- 三甲基-2- 环己烯基)-2- 丁酮(1.16%)、1- 甲氧基-4-(2- 丙烯基)- 苯(1.11%)、十八醛(1.08%)、叶醛(0.94%)、异植物醇(0.89%)、酞酸双-(2- 乙基己基)- 酯(0.87%)、苯乙醛(0.79%)、蒎烷(0.79%)、雪松醇(0.72%)。     

枣挥发油的提取及其化学成分的气相色谱——质谱分析

以红枣为原料，经浸提处理得到以透光率９０％，可溶性固形物含量为１４％的大枣清汁，在０．０９ＭＰａ真空度条件下浓缩至可溶性固形物含量为６５％，馏分用乙醚萃取后，利用色谱一质谱联用系统测定，结果表明，馏分中有７１种化合物，在已知的３９种中，有７种酯类物质，１７种有机酸，６种烷类物质，２种醛类物质，４种醇类物质，２种烯物质和种酚类物质。在酯类物质当中，相对含量最高的戊酸甲酯。     

薤白挥发油提取工艺的优化及化学成分的气相色谱-质谱分析

以中药薤白为原料,对薤白进行加温浸泡、超声预处理后,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取薤白中挥发油。以挥发 油提取率为考察指标,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面法优化提取工艺条件,并利用气相色谱-质谱法对挥发 油化学成分进行分析。结果表明：最佳工艺条件为浸泡温度40 ℃、超声预处理30 min、液固比4.40∶1（mL/g）、蒸 馏时间2.2 h,此条件下薤白挥发油提取率达1.030%。经气相色谱-质谱分析,共测出其中17 个组分。采用峰面积归 一化法测定各组分的相对含量,其中已鉴定出的14 种化合物组分占提取物的93.46%。     

香水莲花挥发油的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别从红、紫罗兰两种颜色的香水莲花Nymphaeahybrida的全花中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱对挥发油的化学成分进行了分析.从两个样品挥发油中共鉴定出37种化学成分.研究结果表明,来自两种不同颜色的香水莲花挥发油.其主要成分相同,分别为苄醇、6,9-十七碳二烯、8-十七碳烯、2-十七酮、正十五烷等,但含量有别.其次要组分存在一定差异.     

白兰叶和茎挥发油化学成分研究

本实验主要研究云南秋季产白兰叶和茎的挥发油香气成分。用水蒸汽蒸馏法分别提取白兰叶和茎的挥发油,然后采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术并结合计算机检索分析了两种提取物中的挥发油香气成分。分别从白兰叶和茎的挥发油中鉴定出了63、78种成分。用面积归一化法测定了两种挥发油中各种成分的相对质量分数,各占总峰面积的95.7%、97.3%。结果表明秋季产白兰叶和茎挥发油的主要香气成分基本相同,它们分别是芳樟醇、石竹烯、橙花叔醇、大根叶烯D、β-荜澄茄烯、反式罗勒烯、α-葎草烯、桉叶油素等。     

小磨香油的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC—MS）技术，对河北大名县产的小磨香油进行了组成及含量分析。共分离出52峰。用面积归一化法测定其相对含量，质谱定性16个成分。其中含有的主要成分是高级脂肪酸、不饱和脂肪酸、芝麻脂素、维生素及其衍生物、植物甾醇等化学成分，也检测到小磨香油中的独有成分芝麻酚等微量化学成分。     

乌榄果实挥发性化学成分的GC-MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法对乌榄果实挥发油进行提取,运用毛细管气相色谱- 质谱联用法结合计算机检索对乌榄果实挥发油进行成分分析和鉴定,经毛细管色谱分离出43 个峰,共确认了其中41 种化合物,所鉴定化合物的含量占全油的97.8%。用气相色谱面积归一化法测定了各组分的相对百分含量。其化学成分主要为：1- 甲基-2-(1- 甲乙基) 苯、D- 柠檬烯、α- 侧柏烯、α- 蒎烯、己酸、己醛、石竹烯、氧化石竹烯、1- 戊醇、1- 己醇、β - 水芹烯、古巴烯、α- 蛇麻烯、2- 戊基- 呋喃、壬醛、杜松烯、(-)- 斯帕苏烯醇和[1R-1 α,4a β,8a α]- 十氢-1,4a- 二甲基-7-(1- 甲基乙缩醛基)-1- 萘醇,以上十六种化合物占其挥发油总量的85.88%。     

Degradation of boards of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. during air drying

Boards of E. globulus and E. camaldulensis were air dried, with the objective to show that the available resources in Ethiopia can be utilized in a simple way without involvement of high technology. The degradation of most of the boards after air drying was acceptable according to Australian Standards. Deformation values, often increased after conditioning, could mostly be reduced to an acceptable level by planing. No statistically significant relations could be shown between density and check formation. The density values of heartwood and sapwood are significantly different in both species with the higher density in the sapwood. The re-sawing of the boards of E. camaldulensis along the pith has arrested the further check formation during drying, probably due to release of stresses. When planning air drying in Ethiopia, one should carefully select the dimensions of the wood and the conditions in which the material are exposed.     

蓝桉叶精油对砂糖橘的保鲜效果

旨在探明蓝桉叶精油对耐藏性较差的砂糖橘的保鲜效果。采用0.25%、0.50%、0.75%和1.00%四种浓度蓝桉叶精油乳液浸泡砂糖橘60 s,在常温下贮藏,定期进行检测,通过生理生化指标及好果率对保鲜效果进行评价。研究结果表明,与对照相比,蓝桉叶精油处理可显著降低采后砂糖橘的呼吸强度,有效延缓砂糖橘果肉中总糖、VC和可滴定酸(TA)含量的下降速率,明显减少砂糖橘的腐烂损失,有效提高其果皮超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性。四种不同浓度蓝桉叶精油处理相比,0.75%处理组的保鲜效果要明显好于其它处理组,而1.00%处理组可能存在轻微药害。研究结果提示,蓝桉叶精油是一种极具开发利用潜力的砂糖橘天然保鲜剂。      

Relationship between transverse shrinkage and tension wood from three provenances of Eucalyptus globulus Labill

was studied using 12 mm increment cores taken from straight, vertical and dominant trees of three provenances from a plantation near Tarpina, South Australia. Tension wood fibre percentages were determined from microscopic examination of stained transverse sections and transverse shrinkage was measured from cores dried to 17% equilibrium moisture content. Shrinkage before and after steam reconditioning, as well as associated collapse, were related to the proportions of tension wood. Contrary to normal expectations, high levels of tension wood produced greater shrinkage in the sapwood than in the heartwood in material from all provenances. Collapse was significantly greater in material from the Jeeralang and Western Tasmania provenances than in the King Island provenance. While the mean proportion of tension wood was highest (4.3%) in material from Jeeralang and least from King Island (2.4%), no significant difference among the three provenances was evident for proportions of tension wood fibres when considering only the last year's growth. Variation in the width of the gelatinous layer (G-layer) was recorded for the tension wood fibres. Fibres with thin walled G-layers were usually scattered among normal fibres and collapsed regions containing such material generally recovered after reconditioning. On the other hand, regions containing the more typical tension wood fibres, with thick walled G-layers, exhibited high levels of shrinkage and collapse, and poor recovery after reconditioning.     

Relationship between transverse shrinkage and tension wood from three provenances of Eucalyptus globulus Labill

Eucalyptus globulus was studied using 12 mm increment cores taken from straight, vertical and dominant trees of three provenances from a plantation near Tarpina, South Australia. Tension wood fibre percentages were determined from microscopic examination of stained transverse sections and transverse shrinkage was measured from cores dried to 17% equilibrium moisture content. Shrinkage before and after steam reconditioning, as well as associated collapse, were related to the proportions of tension wood. Contrary to normal expectations, high levels of tension wood produced greater shrinkage in the sapwood than in the heartwood in material from all provenances. Collapse was significantly greater in material from the Jeeralang and Western Tasmania provenances than in the King Island provenance. While the mean proportion of tension wood was highest (4.3%) in material from Jeeralang and least from King Island (2.4%), no significant difference among the three provenances was evident for proportions of tension wood fibres when considering only the last year's growth. Variation in the width of the gelatinous layer (G-layer) was recorded for the tension wood fibres. Fibres with thin walled G-layers were usually scattered among normal fibres and collapsed regions containing such material generally recovered after reconditioning. On the other hand, regions containing the more typical tension wood fibres, with thick walled G-layers, exhibited high levels of shrinkage and collapse, and poor recovery after reconditioning.

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西洋菜挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏的方法从西洋菜中提取挥发油，并用GC－MS法对其化学成分进行鉴定，GC法测定各化合物在挥发油中的相对百分含量，共鉴定了60个成分，占挥发油成分的60．82％以上。通过对西洋菜挥发油的分析，为其进一步开发作为药食两用植物提供科学依据。     

新疆阿勒泰百里香挥发油化学成分GC-MS分析及抗氧化活性测定

利用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取了新疆阿勒泰百里香挥发油,测得含量为0.31%。并采用气相色谱- 质谱联用技术对拟百里香的挥发性成分进行了分离鉴定,分离出82 种成分,共确认了其中72 种。采用峰面积归一化法确定了各成分的相对含量。同时测定了挥发油的金属螯合性、还原力和抗氧化能力,结果表明阿勒泰百里香挥发油、BHT 和百里香酚均无金属螯合性,挥发油还原能力高于百里香酚和BHT,并且抗氧化活性较好。     

The impact of log-end splits and spring on sawn recovery of 32-year-old plantation Eucalyptus globulus Labill.

Thirty dominant or co-dominant, straight trees were selected from a 32-year-old thinned plantation of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Growth strain at tree surface at breast height was estimated using a CIRAD-forêt method. Log-end splits in the butt logs were measured. The butt logs were quarter-sawn following a pre-determined sawing pattern. The most common dimensions of sawn boards were 28×105×3000and 28×77×3000?mm.The volume of the curved-edge off-cuts was estimated for each butt log. The end splits in the dried sawn boards were measured and the volume of the wood containing the splits in the boards calculated. The estimated reduction in sawn recovery due to removing the curved edges in the slabs was equivalent to 6% of the log volume. The estimated reduction in recovery due to end-docking log-end splits was equivalent to 1% of the log volume, or approximately 4% of the dried board volume. For a sawmill processing 40000?m³ of logs per annum, this could translate into an annual loss of $?758000 (log volume) and $?385000 (board volume). These numbers are high in the context that end splits in these logs overall were quite mild and the estimated strain at tree surface was moderate.     

藿香挥发性成分的GC-MS分析

采用同时蒸馏萃取法提取,用气相- 色谱质谱联用法结合计算机谱图检索,对藿香挥发性化学成分进行分析鉴定。结果表明：藿香挥发油得率为0.37%,共鉴定出79 种化合物,占分离物质的98.04%;其主要成分为胡椒酚甲醚(47.60%)、D- 柠檬烯(5.91%)、丁香烯(6.59%)、丁香酚甲醚(1.87%)、β- 衣兰油烯(1.42%)。     

益智挥发油化学成分的研究

研究了海南产益智(Alpinpaoxyphylla Miq)挥发油的化学成分.采用超临界CO2萃取法提取挥发性成分,用气相色谱-质谱进行分离测定,结合计算机质谱图库检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,从中鉴定出43种化学成分;应用峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对含量,研究表明,海南产益智挥发油的主要成分为萜类及其含氧衍生物等,主要有5-苯基-2-庚烯-6-酮(15.62%)、1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-八氢-1,8a-二甲基-7-(1-甲基乙烯基)-萘(11.02%)、2,2,7,7-四甲基三环[6,2,1,0(1,6)]十一-4-烯-3-酮(5.48%)、4,5-二氢异长叶烯(4.59%)、4-(2,5,5-三甲基-3-氧三环[5,1,0,0(2,4)]十-4-基)-3-丁烯-2-酮(4.12%)、1-羟基-6-(3-异丙基-环丙基-1-烯基)-6-甲基-庚烷-2-酮(3.52%).