Fabric wrinkling evaluation: a method developed using digital image analysis

The textile and clothing industry has conventionally used subjective methods for the assessment of fabric wrinkling. Indeed, the fabrics were usually evaluated subjectively in reference to a set of visual standards. However, the visual assessments of the wrinkling degree, often showing inconsistencies between wrinkle judgments of observers, are severely influenced by the color and the fabric texture which may exist. In this paper, an objective method which permits an evaluation of multidirectional wrinkling of any colored fabric has been developed using digital image analysis. This method consists in capturing images of the color wrinkled fabrics and processing them in simple steps using image‐processing software. The surface roughness, density, width, length, number, and height of the wrinkles, considered as wrinkling characteristics, were extracted. Wrinkle degree was selected to use as the comparative parameter of the result evaluation from conventional and digital methods. The wrinkle grade of each fabric sample obtained through the conventional technique was statistically compared with that obtained through the digital technique developed. This study demonstrates that the results of the digital method developed for wrinkle evaluation of colored fabrics were similar to those of conventional methods of wrinkling evaluation.     

洗后织物外观视觉特征编码与折皱评级

为提高洗后织物外观平整度主客观评级的一致率,提出了基于视觉特征编码与多分类支持向量机相结合的织物折皱自动评级方法。首先,将6块立体标准样板扩充至450幅具有代表性的织物洗后折皱图像作为训练集;其次,模拟人眼视觉聚焦机制,利用稀疏编码技术,分别解析9个半级图像子库的多尺度编码特征,并构建形成各级特征向量链码;最后,利用线性多分类支持向量机算法评定其余200幅测试样本。实验结果表明:该方法主客观一致率为95.1%,评级精度为0.1级,单样本评级速度小于6 s,能够满足当前织物整理剂、洗涤剂、洗护设备等护理效果的商用评级用途。     

Objective evaluation of multidirectional fabric creasing

Creasing is one of the most important properties of textiles for apparel application. Most fabrics are regularly evaluated by means of etalons, that is, visual standards. Nevertheless, due to the disadvantages of visual evaluation, which is unreliable and time consuming, several objective methods were developed. In this article, a new objective method of multidirectional evaluation of creasing is described. We have proposed the test method of angle recovery using image processing. The specimen of the fabric was of a circular shape and it was measured by the method of angle recovery in various directions. We compared the results obtained from our method with the method described by Sommer and by the hollow cylinder method also. We found good conformity between the results obtained from our method and the method described by Sommer.     

37—THE WRINKLING AND BENDING OF FUSIBLE INTERLININGS

A series of apparel fabrics were bonded both to a cotton base cloth and to a worsted base cloth. The fabrics were then wrinkled by the AKU tester under wet and standard atmospheric conditions, and their wrinkle severity was determined by means of the Sivim Wrinklemeter. Buckling and cantilever tests were also made, and the wrinkling behaviour and bending performance were compared.     

应用小波分析的服装关节部位抗皱性评价

为研究服装在实际着装过程中起皱的客观评价方法,以15块机织试样为研究对象,将其制作成试穿裤,进行实际着装起皱,然后对折皱图像进行主观评价,利用小波分析技术提取特征值,最后将小波特征值与主观评价及折皱回复角度进行对比研究。结果表明：小波分析的细节系数标准差与专家主观评价结果具有良好的一致性,可提取小波二层分解时水平方向的细节系数标准差作为取代主观评价的客观指标,以节约时间和成本;织物经向抗皱性对着装时服装抗折皱变形的贡献最大,斜向其次,纬向最小;采用折皱回复角表征织物抗皱能力时,建议增加斜向折皱回复角的测试,同时赋予经纬向不同的权重（经向大于纬向）,以提高测试结果与实际着装时的吻合度。     

New objective system of pilling evaluation for various types of fabrics

Image analysis methods are widely used tools for an objective pilling evaluation. However, due to their intrinsic limitations, simple image analysis of digital photographs is not a suitable procedure for the pilling evaluation of fabrics with complex structures and distinct patterns. Generally, a fabric pattern or a complex fabric structure have presented significant problem to the pills detection. This paper describes a system of the objective pilling evaluation of unicolor fabrics and even fabrics with complex patterns. The main points of the pilling evaluation system include a 3D fabric surface reconstruction from shading based on gradient field method, using image analysis tools for the pills detection and an estimation of an objective pilling grade. In order to enable the estimation of the objective pilling grade, a relationship between the pilling grades obtained by a subjective method and selected pill characteristics was specified using a linear regression model. The method was tested on a set of different fabrics and estimated pilling grades were compared with subjective pilling grades of the samples. Results showed that the proposed method is suitable and reliable tool for the objective pilling evaluation of various types of fabrics.     

Objective evaluation of wrinkled fabric using radon transform

Abstract

Wrinkling is one of the most important visible properties of a fabric for the consumer that is routinely evaluated in reference to a set of visual standards in the textile industry. The visual evaluation is unreliable and time-inefficient. This paper introduces a new quantitative analysis method for fabric wrinkle and addresses the development of an image analysis technique using the radon transform (RT) and texture analysis to evaluate it. Objective results from the RT and texture analysis are compared with subjective ones from human experts. The study reveals a linear relationship between the RT as objective evaluation and subjective evaluation having a correlation coefficient of 0.97. The correlation between texture analysis and subjective evaluation is acceptable.     

Objective evaluation of the flatness of popliteal space of pants based on multi-scale convolution北大核心CSCD

III view of the lack of objective evaluation method for actual wearing wrinkle, 35 woven samples were selected and fitted pant samples were drawn and sewn, according to average physique.The wrinkling process of popliteal space of pants in daily activities was simulated, wrinkling images were obtained, subjective evaluation was conducted and image tags were made.SURF was employed to extract image features, images of different grades were combined pairwise for K-means clustering and image labels were corrected.An objective evaluation model on the flatness of popliteal space based on multi- scale convolution was designed, which extracted features from different ranges of wrinkle images that were input using multi- scale convolution, features were fused, and then prediction results of the flatness of wearing were output.The research results indicated that the prediction accuracy of the model was 92.69% , which was better than the classification effect of CNN and BP methods. © 2021 China Silk Association. All rights reserved.     

眼动仪在服装面料色彩视觉评价中的应用

针对目前服装面料色彩视觉评价领域存在主观评价不准确、难以与客观评价相联系的问题,将眼动仪应用在该领域进行研究。首先分别以色系和明度为单一变量设计了仿真面料及三维模拟服装;然后用所述面料及服装进行眼动追踪实验,并对受试者进行主观喜好的问卷调研;最后对具有相同色彩要素的面料和服装的客观注视与主观喜好进行相关性分析。结果显示:服装色系注视时间与主观喜好的相关系数为0.744,大于面料色系注视时间与喜好程度的相关系数0.448,与明度变量结果一致;使用眼动仪可建立客观注视与主观喜好间的联系,并且以服装为评价载体能够更有效地反映消费者主观意识中服装面料的整体效果,具有更大的视觉营销价值。     

洗后织物外观平整度客观评级中的若干问题

洗涤过程中,纺织服装受到自身材料性能、机械外力、洗护产品等诸多因素的影响,形态发生改变,降低了外观美感和服用性能。传统的人工主观评级受到多因素的制约,检测精度低且个体评价差异大。本文基于目前国内外客观评级研究现状,着重从技术手段、评价指标、特征分类方法等角度探讨了织物平整度客观评级研究中的若干问题,并对其发展方向作了预测。客观有效地评价织物外观平整度,对纺织材料研发、服装设计、洗涤机械制造及洗涤剂研发等的评估具有重要意义。     

基于心理物理学实验的非荧光织物白度公式评价

为给非荧光纺织品白度评价优选出最接近人眼色觉的白度公式,采用白色辨识实验从自制非荧光织物中挑出白色样品,再分别挑选28个和85个样品开展成对比较法和类别判定法2种心理物理学实验,处理1万余个视觉评价数据,与9个白度公式的计算白度值作对比和统计分析,综合评价白度公式的预测性能。结果显示:以成对比较法评价白度公式时,亨特2(Hunter2)白度公式效果最好;以类别判定法评价白度公式时,Hunter2白度公式依然最好;2种评价方法结果一致,对于本文所用非荧光织物,原适用于评价荧光织物的Hunter2白度公式与人眼色觉的一致性最优。     

Energy modelling of fabrics wrinkle recovery behaviour

Wrinkle recovery behaviour is an important property of fabrics for apparel applications. Fifty fabrics of a variety of constructions have been objectively evaluated in order to study the wrinkle recovery after a deformation. The wrinkle recovery behaviour was studied based on energy modelling. To study their wrinkle recovery properties, fabrics are modelled with the energy method. It is shown that the more the energy dissipation is low, the more fabric is able to recover to its initial state and then the more residual deformation is low. Thus, the energy dissipation can be used to estimate the ability of the fabric to recover to its initial state. In this paper, we also studied the effect of the fatigue test after the repeated wrinkling. Further, the increase of the fatigue cycle number after repeated wrinkling resulted in an increase of the residual deformation and permanent deformation. This method allows us for better approximation of the real behaviour of multidirectional wrinkling of clothing during wearing.     

基于图像处理的织物缝纫平整度客观评价

织物的缝纫平整度是决定服装外观的重要因素,但肉眼评价存在一定的主观性,且常用的AATCC Test Method 88B-2006标准样照仅分5个等级,限制了评价的精度。利用图像处理技术探讨了客观评价织物缝纫平整度的方法。试验对5种常见织物采用不同的抽褶量进行车缝,以产生不同的平整度外观,进行平整度主观评价后,再借助MATLAB图像处理技术,提取缝纫图像的多个统计参数与小波特征,对客观参数与主观评价结果进行相关分析,得到与主观评价结果相关性较好的客观参数。研究结果表明:小波分解5层时的水平细节系数标准差,即SH5与主观评价具有良好的一致性,可以作为取代主观评价的客观指标。     

基于布面毛羽特征变化的织物烧毛效果评价

为探讨织物烧毛效果客观评价的可行性,利用织物单面压缩测试仪测试了织物烧毛前后布面毛羽的特征参数,对烧毛前后各参数的变化情况进行了比较分析,结合烧毛效果的主观评定结果,建立了客观评价织物烧毛效果的指标体系。研究表明:织物烧毛前后布面毛羽的各特征参数均发生了一定变化,且烧毛前后各参数的差异性显著;织物烧毛效果可用烧毛前后布面毛羽各特征参数的变化率进行评价;毛羽长度的变化率在烧毛前后最为显著,在实际应用中可作为织物烧毛效果客观评价的主要依据。     

羊毛粗细对织物刺痒感影响的客观评价

为了减少羊毛织物的刺痒感,客观评价了羊毛粗细对织物刺痒感的影响。用自制单纤维轴向压缩弯曲仪测试了刺扎受力情况,得到了刺痒感特征值并对其进行了定量表征,有利于毛织物设计和刺痒感的客观评价。     

模拟实际着装的织物抗皱性测试方法

针对现有的织物抗皱性测试方法不能直接用来表征穿着过程引起的折皱这一现象,提出一种可模拟实际着装的织物抗皱性测试方法。构建了模拟装置,并利用图像处理技术提取了折皱密度。经20块织物的相关实验验证得出：模拟方法与实际着装产生的折皱非常相似,说明模拟方法具有一定的可行性,且其测试稳定性好于折皱回复角法;0°折皱回复角与折皱密度的相关性最大,随后是45°,建议增加45°折皱回复角的测试,以使测试结果更能表征实际着装时织物的折皱变形能力;建立了多元回归模型,此模型可用来预测实际着装时的折皱密度,无需经过工作量繁重的服装制作和实际穿着实验。     

基于最小方差支持向量机的织物热湿舒适性预测

在纺织服装工程研究中应用人工智能与机器学习的方法,可以更加准确地预测纺织材料的穿着热湿舒适性.为此,利用最小方差支持向量机( LSSVM),分析了36种针织织物热湿舒适性客观指标与人体穿着对织物的热湿舒适性主观评定之间的对应关系,并建立了客观指标与主观评定之间的回归模型.该模型能够快速预测成衣之后人体穿着主观评定的舒适...     

纺织品色差和色牢度的数码影像技术评级

采用目测评级法、测色仪评级、数码影像系统评级三种方法对特警面料样本的色差与日晒色牢度进行评级,并对评级结果进行对比.结果表明,数码影像技术与人眼目视评级具有良好的相关性,且其误差率和客观稳定性比人眼目测评级更胜一筹.采用数码影像技术进行纺织品的色差与色牢度评级是准确可靠的.     

织物的抗紫外线性能

介绍了织物的抗紫外线性能,相关的性能评价参数和测试方法,不同国家和地区的标准,以及织物抗紫外线性能的影响因素和整理工艺。测定了一般纺织品及纺织纤维材料的紫外线防护系数(UPF)和紫外线透过率,分析了纤维结构对织物紫外线防护性能的影响。未经防紫外整理的纺织品远远达不到紫外防护标准的要求。     

The influence of ethnic origin on the skin photoageing: Nepalese study

Ethnic and genetic differences modify skin structure and function. Skin photoageing is becoming one of the most studied cosmetological topics. However, there are relatively few data available to evaluate the effect of ethnic skin origin on the degree of photoageing, particularly among people inhabiting sunny and hot climate as in South Asia. Two hundred and forty participants, enrolled in the study conducted in Pokhara valley, Nepal, were classified into four different age categories viz. below 30, 30-50, 50-60 and above 60 years. Participants answered the questioner regarding their age, gender, ethnic origin, occupation, skin characteristics, lifestyle factors, type of cosmetic and skin care products used, drug treatment and personal skin condition evaluation. Skin hyperpigmentation and the degree of wrinkling, the two most important parameters related to photoageing, were particularly evaluated in two ethnic groups, namely Aryan-origin and Mongolian-origin participants. The study showed that Aryan-origin ethnic skin was more wrinkled and darker than that of Mongolian. Male skin was found to be darker than the female skin, which might be the result of the use of sun-protective cosmetic products among women. Smoking was found to increase the degree of wrinkling; however, no differences related to ethnic origin in relation to smoking were observed. This study indicates the need to further evaluate the differences in skin response to daily exposure to strong sun among various ethnic-origin inhabitants.