烤烟雄性不育一代杂交新品种中烟205选育及其主要特征特性

烤烟雄性不育杂交新品种中烟205,亦即CF9087,系由中国烟草总公司青州烟草研究所等单位联合,以烤烟优质雄性不育系MS CF90为母本,以烤烟抗病品系CF87为父本,组配而成的烤烟雄性不育一代新杂交种。2012年10月通过全国烟草品种审定委员会山东省烟草品种审定专家组审定。它融双亲的优良特性于一体,在烟叶产量、质量、经济效益、抗逆力等重要性状方面较能兼顾,综合性状优于对照品种NC89和山东、河南等烟区目前栽培品种中烟100,烟叶外观质量与内在品质符合当前卷烟工业需求;抗病性较强,对TMV免疫,抗赤星病、耐CMV和PVY,适应性较广,不仅适于潍坊烟区栽培,而且也适于山东及国内其他同类烟区种植,具较稳定的农业经济效能和较高的农业应用性。     

烤烟新品种中烟202(CF202)的选育及其主要性状鉴定

烤烟新品种中烟202(CF202)是采用MS中烟90 为母本、CT107为父本组配而成的雄性不育杂交种。按育种程序经植物学性状、抗病性能、适应性、烟叶产量、烟叶外观质量、内在品质鉴定和适宜区生产验证,结果表明,该品种主要植物学性状遗传稳定,烟叶产量、品质、抗性等重要农艺性状较为谐调兼顾,农业经济效能明显优于生产主栽对照品种NC89,是一个农艺适应性强,烟叶产量稳定,吸食品质彰显浓香型风格,适宜我国黄淮、东北和南方部分烟区种植的优良烤烟新品种。     

烤烟新品种鲁烟2号的选育及其主要特征特性

烤烟新品种鲁烟2号,亦即CF90NF,系从烤烟品种中烟98中系统选育而成,2012年10月通过全国烟草品种审定委员会山东省烟草品种审定专家组审定。它既较多的保持了源品种中烟98烟叶质量较好、产量较高、容易烘烤等优良特性,又较好地克服了中烟98存在的某些缺陷,在烟叶产量、质量、经济效益、抗逆力等重要性状方面较能兼顾,综合性状优于对照品种NC89,尤其是烤后烟叶正面与背面的色差相对较小,烟叶外观质量与内在品质符合当前卷烟工业需求。适应性较广,不仅适于潍坊烟区栽培,而且也适于山东及国内其他同类烟区种植,具较稳定的农业经济效能和较高的工业可用性。     

恩施州特色烤烟新品种筛选

为筛选出适合恩施州生态条件的特色烤烟品种,2009年在恩施烟区进行了品种区域适应性研究,对CF205、中烟100、中烟103、中烟201和云烟87的农艺性状、经济性状、外观品质及内在质量等进行了综合鉴定。结果表明,中烟103、中烟201和CF205在恩施州不同产区较好地体现了品种特性和经济效益,可以在恩施州烟区进一步示范验证。     

百色烤烟新品种(系)引进、筛选及配套技术研究

烟叶是百色市重要的经济作物之一,烟叶种植在当地农业生产中具有十分重要的地位。目前,百色地区烤烟生产主栽品种为云烟85,由于生产应用的品种单一,同一品种连续使用,导致烟草流行病害较为严重的频繁发生,通过开展优良烤烟新品种(系)比较试验,筛选适合本地生态条件的优良推广品种和生产后备用种,加快新品种选用和生产熟化程度,加速优良新品种的试验、示范和推广进度,对促进百色烟叶持续、稳定、健康的发展具有十分重要的意义。本试验研究表明:烤烟新品种(系)CF201的综合性状表现最好,烟叶成熟分层落黄明显,烤后原烟外观质量、内在品质及感官评价均比较好,亩产量、产值也均明显高于对照,其次是CF204,而乔庄多叶、CF207、CF205、云烟317均不宜在百色推广种植,其它新品种(系)有待进一步研究确定。     

烤烟新品种中烟102的选育及其应用评价

烤烟新品种中烟102（原品系代号CF986）,系由优质烤烟品种红花大金元作母本、北方烟区主栽品种NC89 为父本,采用常规育种技术定向选育而成的烤烟新纯系品种。该品种聚合了亲本红花大金元的烟叶质量特点和NC89 的农艺适应性,烟叶产量、品质、抗性、适应性等重要性状间较为谐调兼顾,综合性状和经济效能表现优于生产主栽对照品种NC89,适于山东、河南、陕西、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江等北方平原丘陵烟区种植。     

雄性不育烤烟杂交种中烟201的选育及其特征特性

中烟201（CF964）是采用烤烟品种MS K326为母本、中烟98为父本组配而成的雄性不育F₁杂交种。通过育种程序对其植物学性状、抗病性能、原烟外观质量、内在品质及其农艺适应性进行了鉴定和生产试验。结果表明,该品种聚合了双亲的优良特点,生长势和抗逆性具有杂种优势,烟叶产量、品质、抗性等目标性状兼顾协调,经济效能与目前主栽对照品种K326相当,适宜我国主要烟区推广种植。     

烤烟新品种中烟104的选育及评价利用

烤烟新品种中烟104亦即CF205,系由中国烟草总公司青州烟草研究所等单位从优质烤烟品种红花大金元中系统选育而成。它即较多的保持了原品种的优质特性,烟叶质量较好,又较好地克服了原品种抗病性较差、难烘烤等缺陷,在烟叶产量、质量、经济效益、抗逆力等重要性状方面较能兼顾,综合性状优于对照品种NC89,与K326相当或略优,适应性较广,适于北方平原丘陵和南方丘陵山地烟区种植,具有较稳定的农业经济效能和较高的工业可用性。     

烤烟新品种中烟100(CF965)的选育及其应用评价

中烟100（CF965）是以兼抗烟草多种主要病害的烤烟新品系9201为母本与易感赤星病、对低温短日照反应敏感的优质烤烟品种NC82为回交亲本，通过杂交重组、回交聚合，经系谱法选育而成。试验结果证明：该品种适应性强，耐肥水，易烘烤；抗黑胫病、赤星病，耐气候斑点病；烤后原烟呈浅桔黄色，油分多，色泽均匀鲜亮，主要化学成份含量适宜，比例协调，烟叶质量符合中式卷烟需要；与目前主栽对照品种比较，烟叶产量提高9．44％，均价提高9．24％，中上等烟比例增加3．3个百分点，产值提高18．36％；是一个品质、抗性、产量、适应性等综合性状较能兼顾、适宜全国主要烟区种植的优良烤烟新品种。     

云烟105和NC297在江西不同纬度烟区的生态适应性

以江西烟区主栽烤烟品种K326为对照品种,在江西不同纬度烟区进行了品种适应性试验,幵对各品种主要农艺性状、经济性状及烟叶品质特性进行了分析评价。结果表明,云烟105大田前期生长较快,中、后期生长中等,原烟外观质量略优于对照K326,在江西烟区同等栽培及烘烤措施下,较易烘烤。云烟105的产量、产值均显著优于K326,内在化学成分比较协调。NC297大田前期生长略快,中、后期生长较快,成熟度较好,NC297的综合抗病性较强,产量、产值均显著高于K326,内在化学成分协调。在江西烟区生态条件下NC297较云烟105表现好,单位产量、产值高,性状较稳定,适应性好,初步认为NC297在江西烟区推广应用价值较大。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status