烧鸡综合保鲜技术研究

根据栅栏因子保鲜理论,采用多种栅栏因子科学合理的组合,对烧鸡进行了综合保鲜研究。结果表明:复合防腐剂(Nisin0.05%、溶菌酶0.05%、乳酸钠2%和双乙酸钠1%)+真空包装+水浴热处理(85～90℃水浴杀菌30min,流水冷却30min)的综合保鲜技术可使烧鸡在常温下(15～20℃)贮藏60d。     

麻辣兔肉丁的综合保鲜技术研究

根据栅栏因子保鲜理论,采用多种栅栏因子科学合理的组合,并通过改进工艺,对麻辣兔肉丁进行了综合保鲜研究。结果表明,添加复合防腐剂(0.05% Nisin、0.05% 溶菌酶、2% 乳酸钠)组成的天然复合保鲜液,采用瞬间翻炸、水浴热处理(85～90℃、水浴杀菌30min、2 次,中间急速冷却)的综合保鲜技术可使麻辣兔肉丁在常温下(15～20℃)贮藏240d。     

不同氧分压对金针菇贮藏保鲜效果的影响

为研究不同氧气配比对金针菇贮藏保鲜效果的影响,在PE 聚乙烯塑料袋(20cm × 30cm,厚度0.5～1mm)中放入100g 金针菇,分别按0、20%、40%、60%、80%、100% 氧气配比充气包装(以氮气调节其气体组成),包装袋封口后放入温度为0～3℃的冷库进行贮藏,同时设立空气包装的金针菇于室温或低温贮藏作为对照。每隔3～5d 取样一次,评定其水分损失率、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活力、丙二醛含量、游离氨基酸含量、还原糖含量和感官指标等。结果表明,在氧气配比为80% 的包装时,其PPO 酶活力、丙二醛、游离氨基酸含量最低,水分损失和还原糖损失最少,感官变化最小,贮藏保鲜效果最好。采用高氧气调包装(HOAP)金针菇贮藏保鲜35d 仍有较好的商品品质。     

臭氧结合间歇热处理对‘塔罗科’血橙变温物流保鲜品质的影响

采用200 mg/L臭氧结合间歇热处理(56℃热水连续处理40 s、5℃回温、2 min总有效热处理时间)对‘塔罗科’血橙进行处理,研究复合保鲜技术在贮藏(2℃、RH 90%~95%条件下21 d)、模拟运输(10℃、RH60%~70%条件下7 d)和货架(20℃、RH 60%~70%条件下7 d)3个物流变温阶段的保鲜效果。结果表明,复合处理可以调节果蔬体内酶活性[多酚氧化酶(Polyphenol oxidase,PPO)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(Cactalase,CAT)],延缓果蔬代谢进程,维持较高的营养品质(总酸含量、可溶性固形物含量、花色苷含量),降低血橙的腐烂率,保持其硬度,具有较好的保鲜效果。     

生鲜冷却肉MAP包装保鲜技术的研究

应用MAP包装设备及技术研究生鲜冷却肉的保鲜,研究不同气氛条件下冷却肉的指标(感官性质、TVB-N、pH、菌落总数、货架期)。研究结果表明,CO2浓度为30%~40%,O2浓度为40%~60%时,对生鲜冷却肉有较好的保鲜效果,冷鲜肉MAP保鲜理想气氛条件为CO2%L∶O2%∶N2%=30∶50∶20,在4℃条件下储藏,货架期达8d以上。     

延长低温西红柿牛肉肠货架期方法的研究

低温西红柿牛肉肠用可食性壳聚糖和Nisin作为涂膜保鲜液处理后,结合真空包装,分别置于常温(20℃)、冷藏(0～4℃)2种不同温度下贮藏,测定不同贮藏期细菌总数、大肠杆菌、TVB-N、H2S等指标及进行感官评定,结果表明西红柿牛肉肠经真空包装、可食性壳聚糖和Nisin涂膜保鲜液及二者复合处理后,其货架期均优于对照组;其中复合处理后的制品,在常温下货架期可达分别为30d、30d、60d,在冷藏条件下分别为60d、60d、120d以上。     

茶多酚复合溶液对山楂涂膜保鲜效果的研究

为了延长山楂的货架寿命,减少其在储运过程中水分和营养物质损失。以茶多酚、胶原蛋白、明胶、甘油为主要原料制备复合涂膜保鲜液,对山楂进行涂膜处理。在(20±2)℃、60%的相对湿度条件下贮藏,测定山楂的硬度、维生素C含量、感官品质和失重率等指标变化情况,并评价复合涂膜保鲜液的保鲜效果。结果表明,贮藏20天后,经涂膜处理的山楂失重率低于10%,感官评分可达3分以上,硬度高于2.5×10~5Pa/cm~2,维生素C含量高于90mg/100g,均优于未涂膜组。与对照组相比,其货架期可延长12天。优化的涂膜保鲜液配比为:4.0%胶原蛋白、3.0%明胶、0.2%茶多酚、1.0%甘油。     

燕麦β-葡聚糖对迷你黄瓜保鲜研究

以不同浓度燕麦β-葡聚糖在常温(温度20～22℃,湿度70%～75%)下对迷你黄瓜进行保鲜试验,同时做空白试验对照。结果表明:与对照组相比,用燕麦β-葡聚糖处理后的迷你黄瓜硬度、维生素C含量、叶绿素含量都极显著增加,失重率极显著降低,过氧化物酶(POD)活力、多酚氧化酶(PPO)活力增长速度明显减缓,其中,用1.0%燕麦β-葡聚糖溶液对迷你黄瓜进行涂膜后的保鲜效果最好,能很好地保持黄瓜的外观、质地和营养成分,具有明显的保鲜效果。     

梅菜防腐保鲜工艺条件的研究

以惠州梅菜为研究材料,研究了梅菜防腐保鲜的工艺条件,结果发现,梅菜含盐量高低对梅菜的耐储存性有极为重要的影响,含盐量为12%-15%、8%-10%和5%-6%的梅菜在不添加防腐剂时分别可保持90、60、20d左右不变质:浓度为0.1%的山梨酸钾对梅菜防腐保鲜效果优于0.1%的苯甲酸钠;低浓度(0.01%)高效防霉剂的防腐作用不大;山梨酸钾与苯甲酸钠等浓度(均为0.05%)混合使用时,对梅菜的防腐保鲜效果较佳;采用蒸汽杀菌与防腐剂配合使用,或者在脱盐过程中加消毒剂(ClO2)处理,这两种方法都可延长保质期。     

清真酱牛肉辐照保藏的研究

利用CO_(60)射线对经真空包装后的清真酱牛肉进行辐照处理,通过对产品中微生物残存数观察,而达到提高酱牛肉保鲜效果。结果表明:常温下(20±4)℃采用7.7～10 KGY的射线照射的酱牛肉,保质期可达2～3个月;其它低剂量的辐照,亦可有效延长酱牛肉的货架期。     

嫩化牛肉在保藏过程中品质的变化

本文对经木瓜蛋白酶嫩化的牛臀肉采用四种不同组分(O235～70%、CO220～55%、N210%)的MAP和真空包装,在0～4℃下贮藏.通过对保藏中微生物、剪切力、色泽、失重率、pH值、TVB-N值及嫩度值的测定,并对其变化进行了分析.确定了MAP组分为45%O2、45%CO2和10%N2,在此包装下嫩化牛肉的品质最佳.     

The storage life of beef and pork packaged in an atmosphere with low carbon monoxide and high carbon dioxide

Ground beef, beef loin steaks and pork chops were packaged in modified atmospheres of 0.4% CO/60% CO(2)/40% N(2) and 70% O(2)/30% CO(2). In addition ground beef was packaged in clipped chub packs, beef loin steaks were vacuum packaged, and pork chops were packaged in an atmosphere of 60% CO(2)/40% N(2) with each pack containing an O(2) absorber. The packs were stored in the dark at 4 or 8°C for up to 21 days. Meat in 0.4% CO/60% CO(2)/40% N(2) had a stable bright red colour that lasted beyond the time of spoilage. The storage lives in this gas mixture at 4°C, as limited by off-odours, were 11, 14 and 21 days for ground beef, beef loin steaks and pork chops, respectively. The 70% O(2)/30% CO(2) atmosphere resulted in an initially bright red to red colour of the meat, but the colour was unstable and off-odours developed rapidly. The off-odours probably were caused by Brochothrix thermosphacta, which grew in all meat types, or by pseudomonads in ground beef. Meat stored in chub packs, vacuum packs or 60% CO(2)/40% N(2) with an O(2) absorber developed off-odours and microflora similar to those of meat in 0.4% CO/60% CO(2)/40% N(2), but with less acceptable appearances. These results show that a low CO/high CO(2) atmosphere is effective for preserving retail-ready meat. ?     

Combined effect of carvacrol and packaging conditions on radiosensitivity of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi in ground beef

This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of 1.0% carvacrol and 0.1% tetrasodium pyrophosphate on the radiation D10 of Escherichia coli and Salmonella Typhi added to ground beef at a concentration of 10(5) CFU/g. The ground beef was then packaged under four different atmosphere conditions: air (78.1% N2, 20.9% O2, 0.036% CO2), 100% CO2, modified atmosphere (60% O2, 30% CO2, 10% N2) and vacuum. Samples were irradiated at doses of 0.1 to 0.6 kGy for E. coli and 0.5 to 2.0 kGy for Salmonella Typhi. Radiation D10-values of 0.126 and 0.526 kGy were observed for E. coli and Salmonella Typhi, respectively, when meat was packed under air. When meat was packed under modified atmosphere conditions, the radiation D10-values for E. coli and Salmonella Typhi were 0.086 and 0.221 kGy, respectively. The addition of carvacrol and tetrasodium pyrophosphate and the use of modified atmosphere packaging reduced the radiation D10-value from 0.126 to 0.046 kGy for E. coli and from 0.526 to 0.053 kGy for Salmonella Typhi. Under vacuum and 100% CO2 conditions, the radiation D10 reduction was not as great as that for the modified atmosphere regardless of the presence or absence of carvacrol and tetrasodium pyrophosphate.     

牛肉冰温气调保鲜技术的研究

研究了以不同组合比例的CO2、O2、N2的气调包装,结合冰温（-1．5±1℃）贮藏的牛肉保鲜技术。以空气包装为对照,以牛肉的色差值、菌落总数、失水率、挥发性盐基氮、PH值为衡量指标,综合评价冰温气调保鲜牛肉的效果。研究结果表明,最佳的气调包装组分为10％O2,70％CO2和20％N2,在此条件下可以保鲜达28天;保鲜牛肉的PH值为6．09,挥发性盐基氮值为14．634mg／100g,菌落总数为3．7×10^4efu／g,色泽紫红,无异味。     

The effects of modified atmosphere gas composition on microbiological criteria, color and oxidation values of minced beef meat

This paper reports the effects of modified atmosphere gas compositions with different concentrations of CO(2)/O(2)/N(2) on color properties (L*, a* and b* values), oxidation stability (TBARS value) and microbiological properties of minced beef meat stored at +4 °C. Sampling was carried out on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th, 11th and 14th day of storage. The gas mixtures used were as follows: (i) %30O(2) + %70CO(2) (MAP1), (ii) %50O(2) + %50CO(2) (MAP2), (iii) %70O(2) + %30CO(2) (MAP3), (iv) %50O(2) + %30CO(2) + %20N(2) (MAP4), and (v) %30O(2) + %30CO(2) + %40N(2) (MAP5). Control samples (AP) were packaged under atmospheric air. Pseudomonas, lactic acid bacteria, Brochothrix thermosphacta, and Enterobacteriaceae members were monitored. Among these five modified atmosphere gas compositions, the best preservation for minced beef meat was in MAP4 gas combination maintaining acceptable color together with oxidation stability and acceptable microbial loads until the end of storage period of fourteen days.     

Effect of modified gas atmosphere packaging after dip treatment on myoglobin and lipid oxidation of beef steaks

Fresh beef loin steaks were packaged in atmosphere of: (A) 20% CO(2) + 80% O(2) after dip treatment (dipped in 70% ethanol solution containing 3% l-ascorbic acid and 0·08% dl-α-tocopherol), (B) air after dip treatment, (C) 20% CO(2) + 80% O(2) without dip treatment and (D) air without dip treatment (control). After 3,6,9 and 13 days' storage at 4°C, the samples were evaluated for MetMb formation, TBA number and pH. The beef steaks stored in 20% CO(2) + 80% O(2) with or without dip treatment for 13 days maintained an acceptable meat colour. The TBA numbers of samples stored for 13 days in air and 20% CO(2) + 80% O(2) after dip treatment were significantly lower than those of samples without dip treatment. Beef steaks stored for 13 days in 20% CO(2) + 80% O(2) after dip treatment exhibited no change in pH. Data suggested that dip treatment with ascorbic acid and tocopherol solutions before modified gas atmosphere packaging was very suitable for the storage of retail cuts of beef loin steak.     

Chitosan inhibits premature browning in ground beef

Our objective was to evaluate the effect of chitosan on premature browning in refrigerated ground beef patties stored in different packaging systems. Ground beef patties (15% fat) with chitosan (1% w/w) or without chitosan (control) were individually packaged either in vacuum (VP), aerobic packaging (AP), carbon monoxide modified atmosphere packaging (LO-OX; 0.4% CO+19.6% CO(2)+80% N(2)), or high-oxygen modified atmosphere packaging (HI-OX; 80% O(2)+20% CO(2)), and stored for 0, 1, or 3 days at 1°C. At the conclusion of storage, raw surface redness was evaluated, patties were cooked to internal end-point temperatures of either 66°C or 71°C, and internal cooked color was measured. The incorporation of chitosan increased (P<0.05) the interior redness of patties stored in AP, VP, and LO-OX, but not in HI-OX. The results of the present study suggest that the incorporation of 1% chitosan minimizes premature browning in ground beef patties stored under AP, VP, and LO-OX.     

高氧气调包装对绿芦笋木质化的影响

以空气包装为对照,研究了60% O2+20% CO2+20% N2、80% O2+20% CO2 和100% O2 高氧气调包装的绿芦笋在(4 ± 1)℃贮藏28d 期间失重率、叶绿素含量、木质素含量、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性的变化。结果表明：高氧气调包装可以减缓绿芦笋的失重,抑制叶绿素的降解、木质素含量的上升,抑制PAL和POD 酶活性的上升。80% O2+20% CO2 气调包装贮藏条件下绿芦笋失重较小、色泽保持良好、木质化程度较低。该条件可较好地延长绿芦笋货架期并保持其良好的品质。     

气调保鲜包装初始气体浓度配比对番木瓜品质的影响

采用厚度75.8μm的PP复合膜对番木瓜室温下气调保鲜包装的技术进行研究。结果表明:气调保鲜技术可以降低番木瓜失水率、减缓表面变黄速率、防止硬度下降、减少可溶性固形物含量、防止VC的大量损失。评定指标选用了硬度、色泽、失水率、VC含量、可溶性固形物、pH值、感官评定。结论得出:番木瓜气调保鲜包装的平衡气体浓度为O24.2%～4.9%,CO27.3%～7.9%;番木瓜气调保鲜包装内气体最佳初始浓度为3%O2、9%CO2、88%N2;测得室温下气调包装达到平衡时,番木瓜的呼吸强度为0.2～0.4ml/kg·hCO2。     

紫外线杀菌结合气调包装技术对带鱼品质的影响

为研究紫外线杀菌结合气调包装（modified atmosphere packaging,MAP）技术对带鱼品质的影响,以4 ℃真空冷藏鲜带鱼为空白对照,采用紫外线（253.7 nm）照射处理实验组带鱼,并对其进行不同气体比例的MAP,置于4 ℃条件冷藏。贮藏期间以带鱼的感官评分、硫代巴比妥酸值、挥发性盐基氮含量和菌落总数4 项指标作为带鱼品质的判定依据,对不同处理条件下带鱼品质的变化进行对比分析。结果表明：4 ℃真空包装贮藏条件下的带鱼可贮藏6 d,而在紫外线照射条件下,采用不同气体比例的MAP可将带鱼的保质期分别延长至12 d（50% CO2＋20% O2＋30% N2）、10 d（40% CO2＋20% O2＋40% N2）、13 d（60% CO2＋40% N2）和15 d（60% CO2＋7% O2＋33% N2）。这说明相比于4 ℃真空包装的贮藏条件,紫外线杀菌结合MAP技术能够有效延长带鱼贮藏期,在抑制带鱼脂肪氧化的同时阻碍带鱼体内细菌的生长。