Sin-QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时检测果蔬中5种双酰胺类杀虫剂

目的建立Sin-QuEChERS结合超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时检测水果和蔬菜中溴氰虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、四氯虫酰胺、环溴虫酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺5种新型双酰胺类杀虫剂的分析方法。方法样品经乙腈提取后,经新颖的基质分散净化装置(Sin-QuEChERS)净化,采用C_(18)色谱柱进行分离,以水和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,质谱采用电喷雾电离,多反应监测模式,其中溴氰虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺采用正离子模式,四氯虫酰胺、环溴虫酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺采用负离子模式。结果 5种化合物在1～100μg/L浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数(r~2)为0.9987-0.9999。在5、10、50μg/kg 3个添加水平下的平均回收率为73.0%～115.8%,相对标准偏差小于10.9%(n=6),方法定量限为5μg/kg。结论该方法快速简便、检测准确、灵敏度高,适合水果蔬菜中溴氰虫酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺、四氯虫酰胺、环溴虫酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺的残留检测。     

液相色谱串联质谱法测定油料作物中3种双酰胺类杀虫剂残留量

目的建立液相色谱-串联质谱法测定油料作物中3种双酰胺类药物残留量的分析方法。方法油料作物样品经乙腈振荡超声提取,OasisPRiMEHLB固相萃取柱净化,液相色谱串联质谱测定,外标法定量。结果氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺、溴氰虫酰胺检出限分别为:0.050、0.010、0.010μg/kg,定量限分别为0.20、0.030、0.030μg/kg。在不同基质中,氯虫苯甲酰胺在0.20、0.40、2.0μg/kg添加水平下的平均回收率为78.4%～88.5%,相对标准偏差在1.7%～5.7%之间;氟苯虫酰胺、溴氰虫酰胺在0.030、0.060、0.30μg/kg添加水平下的平均回收率为79.9%～100.5%,相对标准偏差为1.1%～5.6%。结论该方法快速简便、灵敏度高、准确性强等特点,适用于油料作物中氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺、溴氰虫酰胺残留量的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定干辣椒中2种新型杀虫剂残留量

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)测定干辣椒中氰氟虫腙和氯虫苯甲酰胺残留量的分析方法。方法 干辣椒样品经乙腈匀浆提取, 氨基固相萃取小柱净化, 甲醇/水(50:50, V:V)定容, 以反相C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm)分离, 0.1%甲酸-水和甲醇作为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 多反应监测模式下进行超高效液相色谱-串联质谱测定、基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。结果 2种新型杀虫剂在5~500 μg /L范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数均大于0.999, 定量限为0.008~0.01 mg /kg; 在高、中、低3个加标水平下的回收率为80.4%~94.9%, 相对标准偏差在0.9%~8.7%之间。结论 方法简单、快速、灵敏高、准确可靠, 可操作性强, 适合测定干辣椒中氰氟虫腙和氯虫苯甲酰胺残留量。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定牛乳中氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺和2甲4氯的残留

目的:建立了一种牛乳中氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺和2甲4氯的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）检测方法。方法:样品经乙腈提取,氯化钠盐析,正己烷除脂,两步低温冷冻离心净化;采用Acquity UPLC BEH C₁₈柱（50 mm×2.1 mm（i.d.）,1.7 μm）色谱柱分离,以乙腈和0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱;采用电喷雾电离源,正负离子切换模式扫描,多反应监测模式,以基质标准曲线外标法进行定量。结果:三种农药在10~150 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好（R2>0.999）。分别在5.0、10.0和50.0 μg/kg添加水平进行添加回收实验,三种农药的平均回收率在73.3%~117.3%之间,相对标准偏差在1.0%~5.9%之间（n=6）;方法的检出限（S/N≥3）和定量限（S/N≥10）分别为1.0、5.0 μg/kg。结论:本方法简便、准确、灵敏,适用于牛乳中氯虫苯甲酰胺、氟苯虫酰胺和2甲4氯的同时测定。     

液相色谱串联质谱法测定茶叶中氯虫苯甲酰胺残留量

目的 建立液相色谱-串联质谱法检测茶叶中氯虫苯甲酰胺残留量的方法。方法 样品采用乙腈振荡超声提取, HLB固相萃取柱净化, 液相色谱串联质谱检测, 外标法定量。结果 方法的线性范围为0.50~ 20.00 ng/mL, 相关系数r2大于0.999; 检出限为 0.05 μg/kg, 定量限为0.17 μg/kg。在不同基质中, 氯虫苯甲酰胺在0.20、0.40、2.00 μg/kg添加水平下的平均回收率为79.25%~88.42%, 相对偏差为1.50%~7.10%。结论 该方法具有快速简便、灵敏度高、准确性强等特点, 适用于茶叶中氯虫苯甲酰胺残留量的检测。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速分析氰霜唑及其代谢物 CCIM在水果中的残留

为评价氰霜唑及其主要代谢物4-氯-5-（4-甲苯基）-1H-咪唑-2-腈（CCIM）在水果中的安全性，建立了同时检测氰霜唑及其代谢物CCIM的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法。待测样品采用含体积分数1.0%乙酸的乙腈溶液提取，经十八烷基硅烷键合相（C₁₈）粉末和弗罗里硅土粉末净化后，以Capcell PAK C18色谱柱（150 mm×2.0 mm，5 μm）进行 UPLC分离，采用质谱多重反应监测模式（MRM）进行测定。结果表明，氰霜唑和CCIM在0.001~0.040 μg/mL时，质量浓度与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（R≥0.999 3），在0.004~0.080 mg/kg添加水平内，氰霜唑和CCIM回收率分别为80.71%~103.27%和76.62%~100.20%；相对标准偏差分别为4.14%~11.15%和3.24%~11.16%，检出限和定量限分别为0.001 5~0.003 8 mg/kg和0.003 0~0.007 9 mg/kg。该方法简单快速、分析时间短、灵敏度及准确度高，能够满足快速定性、定量检测水果样品中氰霜唑及CCIM的残留量。     

植物油中邻氨基苯甲二酰胺类农药残留检测技术研究

建立了同时测定植物油中溴氰虫酰胺、氟虫双酰胺、氯虫苯甲酰胺3种邻氨基苯甲二酰胺类农药残留的凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)-液相色谱检测方法。植物油中残留的邻氨基苯甲二酰胺类农药,经环已烷-乙酸乙酯混合溶液提取后,用凝胶渗透色谱系统净化,以乙腈∶0.1mol/L的乙酸铵水溶液(58∶42)作为流动相,DAD检测器测定,外标法定量。测定结果表明:采用本方法检测植物油中3种邻氨基苯甲二酰胺类农药,方法检出限均能达到0.1mg/kg,在标准曲线质量浓度0.1~2 mg/L之间线性相关系数均大于0.999 8,在0.1、0.2、1mg/kg水平添加回收,回收率在70.1%~99.1%范围之间,准确度较高;相对标准偏差范围在3.0%~9.7%之间,精密度较好。     

氯虫苯甲酰胺在山楂中的残留行为及膳食暴露风险评估

目的 评价氯虫苯甲酰胺在山楂上使用的安全性, 研究氯虫苯甲酰胺在山楂上的残留行为, 对膳食风险进行评估。方法 山楂样品经乙腈提取, N-丙基乙二胺(primary secondary amine, PSA)净化, 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测, 采用基质匹配标准溶液外标法定量。分析氯虫苯甲酰胺在山楂中的残留量并进行膳食暴露风险评估。结果 在0.0005~0.5 mg/L范围内, 氯虫苯甲酰胺的峰面积与其质量浓度间呈良好线性关系, 相关系数为0.998。在0.01、0.1和1 mg/kg添加水平下, 氯虫苯甲酰胺在山楂样品中的平均添加回收率为86%~95%, 相对标准偏差最大值为4.0%(n=5), 定量限为0.01 mg/kg。氯虫苯甲酰胺在山楂中的消解符合一级动力学方程, 半衰期为19~26 d。结合我国氯虫苯甲酰胺登记情况和居民膳食结构, 计算得到普通人群氯虫苯甲酰胺的估算每日摄入量是2.34 mg, 占每日允许摄入量(allowable daily intake, ADI)的1.8%。结论 当35%氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂按有效成分20和30 mg/kg剂量, 施药3~4次安全间隔期为14 d时, 氯虫苯甲酰胺在山楂中的残留不会对一般人群健康产生不可接受的风险。     

QuEChERS-UPLC-MS/MS测定大米中氯虫苯甲酰胺和五氟磺草胺的残留

目的：建立一种新的QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱—串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）检测大米中氯虫苯甲酰胺和五氟磺草胺的残留方法。方法：样品经0.2%甲酸—乙腈提取后，N-丙基乙二胺（PSA）和石墨化碳黑（GCB）填料净化，以0.2%甲酸水—乙腈为流动相梯度洗脱，经C₁₈色谱柱分离，采用UPLC-MS/MS测定。结果：氯虫苯甲酰胺和五氟磺草胺的定量限（LOQ）均为0.004 mg/kg，方法检出限（LOD）均为0.001 mg/kg。两种待测农药在0.002~0.5 mg/L质量浓度范围内呈良好的线性关系，其相关系数均在0.993以上。在0.05，0.1，0.5 mg/kg添加水平下，两种待测农药的平均回收率为86%~110%；相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.5%~6.1%。结论：该方法高效简便、稳定性好、灵敏度高，适用于大米中氯虫苯甲酰胺和五氟磺草胺的检测。     

多壁碳纳米管QuEChERS-液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测茶叶中氯虫苯甲酰胺残留量

目的 建立多壁碳纳米管QuEChERS-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定茶叶中氯虫苯甲酰胺残留量的分析方法。方法 样品经乙腈提取,多壁碳纳米管QuEChERS方法净化,经Agilent Eclipse Pluse C₁₈色谱柱( 2.1 mm× 50 mm,1.8 μm),以0.1%甲酸水(A)-乙腈(B)为流动相进行梯度分离,并在串联质谱正离子多反应监测模式(MRM)下进行测定,空白基质配标外标法定量。结果 5种茶叶中氯虫苯甲酰胺在0.100～50.0 ng/mL的范围内线性良好(r＞0.995),检出限为0.50 μg/kg, 定量限为1.2μg/kg, 在0.500、5.00、500 μg/kg添加水平下, 平均加标回收率在84.4%~103.9%之间, 相对标准偏差为0.8%~8.3% (n=6)。结论：该方法具有较高的灵敏度,操作简便,测定结果准确可靠,可用于茶叶中氯虫苯甲酰胺农药残留量的检测。     

常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用

介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

益生素、益生菌与结肠癌

介绍了益生素和益生菌及其作用机理。在动物模型中，有大量的数据证实益生素和益生菌能够预防癌症．而在人体内还没有直接实验证据。它们抑制癌症的确切机理目前尚不清楚，其抑制机理可能是：肠道菌群代谢活动的改变，肠道理化环境的改变，潜在的致癌物质的黏附和降解，肠道菌群的改变、抗癌或抗诱变物质的形成、提高宿主的免疫应答、影响宿主的生理活动以及发酵不能被消化的食物并形成有益代谢产物。     

毛霉型低盐速成豆豉工业化生产工艺与设备

本文介绍了毛霉型低盐速成豆豉的工业化生产工艺及生产线的关键设备。     

节能节水型印染助剂和设备的现状

从节能、节水、缩短工艺流程和环保的角度出发，介绍了国内外研制开发的一系列新型节能、节水型印染助剂和染整设备。     

Heritability and correlations for body condition score and dairy form within and across lactation and age

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation.     

原花色素及其开发应用

对原花色素的结构、化学特性、制备、分析方法、应用前景作一综述,并重点讨论其生理功能,为在功能性食品、药物、化妆品等领域的深入研究和开发提供参考。     

European citizen and consumer attitudes and preferences regarding beef and pork

This paper presents the combined mid-term findings of the consumer research components of two EU Sixth Framework Programme integrated projects concerning meat, ProSafeBeef and Q-PorkChains. The consumer pillar of ProSafeBeef carried out eight focus group discussions in May 2008, in France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Q-PorkChains conducted a large-scale, web-based, consumer survey in January 2008 in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece and Poland. The first project provides a set of qualitative data from a small cohort of focus groups and the second a set of quantitative data from a larger consumer sample. This paper draws together the main findings of both projects and provides a comprehensive overview of European citizens’ and consumers’ attitudes towards and preferences regarding beef and pork. In general, consumers consider meat to be a healthy and important component of the diet. Consumers support the development of technologies that can improve the health attributes of meat products and guarantee eating quality, but they have a negative view of what they see to be excessive manipulation and lack of naturalness in the production and processing of beef products. In the Q-PorkChains study consumer and citizen segments are identified and profiled. Consumer segments were built upon the frequency and variety of pork consumption. The citizen segments were built upon their attitudes towards pig production systems. Overall, the relationship between individuals’ views as citizens and their behaviour as consumers was found to be quite weak and did not appear to greatly or systematically influence meat-buying habits. Future studies in both projects will concentrate on consumers’ acceptance of innovative meat product concepts and products, with the aim of boosting consumer trust and invigorating the European beef and pork industries.     

天然香精香料与生物技术

天然香精香料是高价值的精细化工产品和食品添加剂,但原料来源有限且提取成本高。利用生物技术生产这类产品具有广阔的前景。简述了发酵工程、酶工程、细胞工程和基因工程在香精香料中的应用,并探讨了生物技术在香精香料中的应用前景。     

Dioxins and PCBs in ostrich meat and eggs: levels and implications

ABSTRACT

Although consumption of eggs is an essential part of our diet, limited information is available for table eggs other than those laid by hens. The aim of our study was to determine concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), dioxin-like (DL-) and non-dioxin-like (NDL) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in ostrich eggs and meat available on the Polish market, in order to obtain baseline information on the current status of these pollutants in comparison to poultry products. Obtained data were compared with the binding EU limits set for chicken eggs and meat. The levels of individual PCDD/Fs and PCBs congeners varied considerably. The percentage share of total WHO toxic equivalency factor (WHO-TEQ) content indicates the dominant role of PCDD/Fs. High concentrations of PCDD/F and DL-PCBs, in the range of 0.85–74.48 pg WHO-TEQ g^?1 fat, were found in ostrich eggs; this exceeds the maximum level permitted for chicken eggs by a factor of up to 15. Eight of the 11 egg samples exceeded the action level for hen eggs. Although the ostrich meat concentrations of PCDD/Fs do not exceed the limit established for poultry muscle (1.75 pg g^?1 fat), average contents of PCDD/Fs exceeded almost four times the levels in chicken and turkey muscle. Human exposure was evaluated and the resulting risk was characterised. Taking into account the low average consumption of ostrich eggs, the resulting exposure to dioxins for the general population can be considered as negligibly low. However, the individuals who frequently consume such eggs may be at risk of elevated exposure. Although ostrich products are not consumed frequently, such data are nevertheless useful for food safety purposes.