添加藤茶提取物的配制酒货架期稳定性研究

为研究添加藤茶提取物的配制酒货架期稳定性,通过添加藤茶、葛根等提取物对酒体颜色的贡献,活性炭处理前后颜色的变化及二氢杨梅素含量变化,7种不同货架期模拟环境下颜色的变化趋势的研究,得出藤茶提取物颜色贡献值最大,活性炭处理后酒体颜色和二氢杨梅素含量急剧下降,7种货架模拟环境的颜色变化趋势。结果显示,低温、光照、室外暴晒环境下酒体颜色变化趋势为先升后降并趋于稳定,4种室内环境下酒体颜色变化趋势为缓慢上升,说明添加藤茶提取物的酒体颜色在不同环境下变化趋势不同,为配制酒产品的货架期稳定性研究提供了参考依据。     

黑花生衣色素的应用性质研究

通过黑花生衣色素在不同光照、温度、糖、盐、防腐剂、抗坏血酸、pH值、氧化剂、还原剂、金属离子等环境条件下的结构和色泽变化,探讨其对食品加工理化因子的稳定性。结果表明:黑花生衣色素对光不稳定,对热稳定,耐糖、耐盐性好,耐防腐剂。抗坏血酸可导致色泽加深。该色素适应pH范围较广,通过调节pH值可获得不同颜色。该色素耐还原性,但对氧化剂比较敏感,色素对数种金属离子的稳定性较好,Cu2+和Fe2+2种金属离子对色素稳定性影响比较大,使色素产生沉淀。黑花生衣色素性质比较稳定,色调自然,应用性状良好,使用时注意避光保存,避免氧化剂及Cu2+和Fe2+2种金属离子的混入。     

茉莉花茶酒工艺研究

茶酒是以茶叶为主要原料,经直接浸提或生物发酵、过滤、陈酿、勾兑而成的一种具有保健功能的饮料酒。以茉莉花茶汤和梨汁为原料,研究了茉莉花茶酒的发酵工艺。通过单因素和正交实验考察了原料比、pH值、接种量(v/v)和温度对发酵过程的影响。优化得到茉莉花茶酒的最佳发酵工艺参数为:茶汁:梨汁比为5:2、pH值3.6、接种量2%(v/v)、温度26℃。茶酒酒精浓度5.5%,总酸、总糖和还原糖含量分别为:3.60g/L、3.20g/L、0.80g/L。产品兼具茶香和酒香。经提升预设酒精度后重复实验,可得到酒精度为6.8%,总酸为4.09g/L,总糖为3.51g/L,还原糖为0.91g/L的产品。     

The effect of frequency of consumption of artificial sweeteners on sweetness liking by women

ABSTRACT:  Research into sweetness perception and preference thus far has demonstrated that sweetness preference is related not to the total sugar consumed by an individual but the amount of refined sugar ingested. Research has yet to be conducted, however, to determine whether a diet high in artificial sweeteners contributes to sweetness liking and preference with the same result as a diet high in sugar. The purpose of this research was to determine if such a relationship exists with regard to diets high in artificially sweetened beverages. Seventy-one female participants were recruited and screened for sweetener consumption in beverages. Sixty-four of these individuals were selected for sensory testing. All participants evaluated orange juice samples (ranging from 0% added sucrose to 20% added sucrose) for liking of sweetness using a 9-point hedonic scale. Based on screening survey data, participants were categorized according to sweetener consumption group (artificial sweetener consumers and natural sweetener consumers) and by overall sweetened beverage intake (low or high, regardless of sweetener type normally consumed). Sensory data were analyzed to compare sweetness liking in each of these groups. Significant differences in liking were observed, with individuals in the high sweetened beverage intake group preferring sweeter orange juice than those in the low-intake group. Categorization by sweetener type resulted in no significant differences between the groups, indicating that regardless of the type of sweetener consumed in a beverage, liking of sweetness will be influenced in the same manner.     

Formation of ethyl carbamate in umeshu (plum liqueur)

Samples of umeshu, a Japanese plum liqueur made from unripe plums, shochu and crystal sugar, were stored under fluorescent light, in the dark and in the refrigerator. The amount of ethyl carbamate formed in umeshu exposed to light or room temperature was larger than that in the dark or at low temperature. The amount of ethyl carbamate formed in umeshu to which cyanide had been added was larger than that in the absence of added cyanide. Thus, the amount of ethyl carbamate formed in the umeshu was increased by not only light and higher temperature, but also cyanide. Samples of model alcoholic beverages were stored under various conditions using red, yellow and blue cellophanes. The amount of ethyl carbamate formed in the model alcoholic beverage with blue cellophane was larger than in the cases of red and yellow cellophanes. It was found that the amount of ethyl carbamate formed in the model alcoholic beverage was increased by light in the wavelength range of 375-475 nm.     

快递包装下采收成熟度对樱桃品质的影响

以"红灯"樱桃为试材,研究了在快递包装下不同采收成熟度对樱桃果实的失重率、腐烂率、色泽、可溶性固形物、还原糖、可滴定酸和感官品质的影响。结果表明,在"泡沫盒加冰袋"的快递包装下,9成熟樱桃色泽鲜艳,可溶性固形物、还原糖及可滴定酸的含量适中,腐烂率低,并且感官评价得分相对稳定,适合用于"泡沫盒加冰袋"包装方式下的快递运输。本研究结果为快递运输樱桃过程中研发适宜的贮藏保鲜技术提供了理论参考。     

Role of precursors on the kinetics of acrylamide formation and elimination under low moisture conditions using a multiresponse approach – Part I: Effect of the type of sugar

The effect of type of sugar on the kinetics of acrylamide formation and elimination reactions was investigated under low moisture conditions using equimolar asparagine–sugar model systems, heated at temperatures between 120 and 200 °C. The monosaccharides glucose and fructose and the disaccharide sucrose were selected to study this effect. A mechanistic model was used as a basis for multiresponse modelling of the different responses measured (acrylamide, glucose, fructose, sucrose, asparagine, aspartic acid and melanoidins). In spite of the higher acrylamide yield per mol initial asparagine for sucrose over fructose to glucose, the kinetic parameters estimated for acrylamide formation revealed that the type of sugar, monosaccharide or disaccharide, had only a limited effect on this reaction. The corresponding activation energy, however, was significantly lower in case the disaccharide sucrose was added. An opposite trend was observed for the acrylamide elimination rate constant, being significantly higher for the system with sucrose, whereas the temperature dependence of this rate constant remained unaffected by the type of sugar available under the reaction conditions considered.     

糖对饼干品质的影响

<正>糖是饼干中常用的原料,糖除了使产品产生甜味外,对饼干的颜色、口感、厚度和表面的扩展程度以及内部组织结构均有影响,在生产过程中,经常使用的糖有砂糖、糖粉、各种糖浆等,不同种类的糖,其性质都不尽相同,即使是同一糖,颗粒的大小不同,使用量不同也会产生不同的结果。     

低糖保健型葡萄罐头的生产工艺

以木糖醇为主要甜味剂，代替蔗糖生产低糖保健型葡萄罐头的生产工艺，研究了硬化处理、排气方式和护色处理对葡萄罐头品质的影响，对一些工序进行了改进，从而成功地研制出了集风味、保健、低糖型于一体的葡萄罐头。     

沙糖桔利口酒生产工艺研究

以广东郁南沙糖桔为原料,研究了不同发酵工艺对沙糖桔利口酒的影响,研究了沙糖桔利口酒的澄清工艺。确定其生产工艺为：破碎后调整pH为3.5,添加150mg/L的纤维素酶、60mg/L的果胶酶和100mg/L的皂土进行酶解浸渍,酶解时间4～6h,酶解完成后添加250mg/L的十二岭1#酵母在15℃下进行发酵,48h后进行清汁分离,并按要求补加糖分后继续发酵,使其最终酒度在18%vol,含糖60g/L左右。最后经调配、澄清、过滤、灭菌、包装后得到酒体丰满、晶莹剔透,呈浅黄绿色、酸甜可口的沙糖桔利口酒。     

Sucrose Degradation Under Model Processing Conditions

ABSTRACT: During raw and refined sugars processing, chemical changes occur that affect yield and end product color. Model sucrose solutions of 65 and 15 brix were treated with invert sugar levels of 0 to 4%, adjusted to pH 6 to 9, then processed 85 7deg;C for 0 to 6 h. Sucrose loss was correlated with changes in invert sugar concentration under acid conditions. Invert sugars concentrations were correlated with color development under alkaline conditions. At both 65 and 15 brix sucrose, and pH below 7.5, samples showed a 25% increase in invert sugars from acid hydrolysis. Sucrose loss was 1.6% with 3% invert sugar present. At pH 8.5 and higher, color increased in direct correlation with invert sugar concentrations.     

添加蔗糖对裸燕麦酵素发酵过程中理化指标与活性成分变化的影响

为探讨蔗糖对裸燕麦酵素发酵过程的影响,对裸燕麦酵素发酵过程中0~168 h的还原糖、pH、酒精含量、可溶性蛋白、多酚含量进行了测定。结果表明,加糖裸燕麦酵素与不加糖裸燕麦酵素的还原糖含量变化趋势相近,加糖裸燕麦酵素还原糖含量在72 h降到最低,相比于不加糖样品更快进入发酵后期,168 h时酒精含量是不加糖裸燕麦酵素的2.05倍;pH稳定在3.5左右,低于不加糖裸燕麦酵素(pH在4.0左右)。发酵168 h时加糖裸燕麦酵素可溶性蛋白含量、多酚含量高出不加糖裸燕麦酵素83.33%、24.23%,说明蔗糖添加更有利于营养成分的析出和活性物质的富集。     

超高倍甜味剂N-[3-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)丙基]-阿斯巴甜的合成研究

开发安全,低成本,高甜度,性质稳定的甜味剂是食品工业的发展方向。文中从甜味机理出发,以3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯丙醛与阿斯巴甜为原料,通过钯碳催化,合成了N-[3-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)丙基]-阿斯巴甜。其中,由于疏水基团引入,甜度显著提高,约是蔗糖的23000倍,且合成工艺简单,产率高,为国内高倍甜味剂大型工业化提供了广阔前景。另外,文中还着重论述了重要中间体3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯丙醛制备,得率为49.8%,为开发新产品奠定了基础。     

Influence of Reducing Sugars and Amino Acids in the Color Development of Fried Potatoes

Color development during potato frying was studied. Increments of reducing sugars led to increase in color of fried potatoes. For L (luminosity) between 60–51, corresponding to a reducing sugar content of 120–140 mg %, an acceptable color was obtained. Both amino acids and reducing sugars participated in the color development of potato during frying, with the amount of reducing sugars being the limiting factor. Fructose yielded the highest browning followed by glucose. Sucrose addition caused practically no change in the final color of the fried potato. At low content of reducing sugars the reaction followed first-order kinetics, the activation energy, Ea, being equal to 31 Kcal mol^-1.     

Physical properties of muffins sweetened with steviol glycosides as the sucrose replacement

Overconsumption of sweets contributes to increasing obesity among children and adults. Functional food brings an opportunity to improve nutritional value of commonly eaten products, e.g., pastry products. New trends in the food industry tend to produce low-calorie products by replacing sugar or fat with additives having pro-health benefits. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of replacing sucrose with steviol glycosides (natural non-caloric sweetener) on the quality properties of bakery products. The analysis of muffin’s texture, color, cooking yield, browning index, and sensory analysis were performed. The study showed that a 25% addition of steviol sweetener (as a sucrose replacement) was the most appropriate modification of the basic formula. The resulting muffins gained sensory attractiveness and health-promoting qualities. Moreover, the study showed that a reduction of sucrose in excess of 50% had a negative impact on the quality of muffins and their sensory profiles.     

Corn Sweeteners in Ham Formulas

Corn sweeteners were compared with sucrose in cure formulas for hams. Thirty-six hams were randomly treated with nine sweetener treatments replicated four times. Combinations of sucrose, 55% high fructose corn syrup, 42% high fructose corn syrup, and high maltose corn syrup were used in brine formulas for pumping the hams. Sensory evaluations found no significant difference between sweetener type and sensory scores on color, flavor, tenderness, and overall satisfaction. However, ham weights appeared to be affected slightly by sweetener type. Sucrose produced greater ham yields at a 3% sweetener level. However, 55% high fructose corn syrup at 3.15% equalled the yield observed for sucrose. Forty-two percent high fructose corn syrup at greater than 3.3% solid level approached the yields observed for sucrose. Since sensory factors do not appear to be affected by corn syrup solids, only economic and yield factors need bc considered for their use in commercially produced hams.     

微波真空干燥法生产固体蜂蜜

对不同条件下微波真空干燥蜂蜜的干燥速率及样品温度的变化进行了测量和比较，以优化其干燥工艺条件。在优化的干燥条件下得到的固体蜂蜜的颜色基本没有变化，并应用高效液相色谱法测定了蜂蜜干燥前后主要糖成分的变化，应用固相微萃取，气-质联谱对干燥前后蜂蜜中的挥发性风味成分及含量的变化进行了检测和比较。结果显示果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖和麦芽糖等的含量没有明显变化，说明干燥过程中未发生美拉德反应，其挥发性成分含量有一些变化，但不影响蜂蜜固有的风味。     

CHANGES IN SUGARS AND LYSINE IN BABY FOODS DURING STORAGE

The effect of storage on sugar content (fructose, glucose, sucrose) and free lysine in vegetable, meat, fish and fruit baby foods for a period of two years and at temperatures of 5, 15 and 25C were studied. The results showed that under these storage conditions a decrease occurred in fructose, glucose and sucrose for vegetable, meat and fish foods. A drop in sucrose was found in the fruit sample, together with an increase in fructose and glucose. The increase of reducing sugars in this sample is attributed to the hydrolysis of sucrose, an effect which is favorable because of storage temperature. A drop in free lysine was found for the four types of samples; this decrease was dependent on storage temperature but mainly on the time of storage. After one year, the levels of lysine were decreased by half or more at all temperatures. Although infants can get lysine from other sources such as milk and cereals, the lysine loss can be important leading to negative nutritional consequences if infants mainly eat baby foods stored at least for one year. The loss of reducing sugars and of lysine showed that during storage of these products a Maillard browning reaction between reducing sugar and lysine occurred.     

速溶枸杞粉的加工工艺研究

以枸杞浓缩浆为原料,异VC-Na、柠檬酸为护色剂,麦芽糊精和β-环状糊精为助干剂,CMC-Na为稳定剂,白砂糖为甜味剂,柠檬酸为酸味剂,蔗糖脂肪酸酯和单甘酯为乳化剂,使用喷雾干燥法生产速溶枸杞粉。采用正交试验确定最佳的枸杞粉加工工艺。     

梅酒生产工艺和非生物稳定性的研究

以青梅酒精浸提液为原酒，与甘草、玉竹等中草药热浸提液以一定的比例精制成基础酒后再合理调味而成的一种果露酒。该酒采用广口绿色玻璃瓶包装，净含量为750ml，内置青梅5颗以上。酒体呈黄绿色，有异香，酸甜适中，梅味明显，不添加任何香精、色素、防腐剂，具有生津止渴、补中益气、清热解毒、滋阴壮阳、润泽肌肤、美丽容颜之功效。梅酒既是一种保健酒，又具有它独特的“梅酒文化”。