三七渣固态发酵生产蛋白饲料的动力学

对白腐菌(Phanerochaete Chrysosporium 5.776)/产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis 2.281)固态发酵三七渣生产蛋白饲料的过程进行了研究,并建立了菌体生长和淀粉降解动力学模型。结果表明,以发酵培养物干基减重率作为表达菌体浓度的间接参数,菌体生长动力学适合采用对数模型进行描述,发酵培养物最大干基减重率Xm=49.68%,比生长速率常数μ=0.042 90 h-1。菌体生长速率在发酵84.8 h后达到最大值。淀粉的降解动力学适合采用指数模型进行描述,发酵过程中淀粉含量降低了26%,降解速率常数为0.015 9 h-1,淀粉的降解速率随着发酵时间的延长而逐渐变小。     

紫色红曲霉固态发酵三七渣生产红色素的动力学研究

该实验在紫色红曲霉固态发酵三七渣生产红色素过程中考察了生物量、淀粉含量、总糖含量、还原糖含量、红色素色价和pH等参数随时间的变化情况,并建立了菌体生长、基质降解和产物生成的动力学模型。结果表明,菌体生长、基质降解和产物生成动力学分别适合采用对数模型、四参数对数模型、Boltzmann模型进行描述。最大菌体生物量Xm为0.241 6 g/g发酵培养物（干基）,比生长速率常数μ为0.457 4 d-1。最大红色素色价B2为14.63 U/g发酵培养物（干基）,红色素色价达到最大值一半时需要的发酵时间t0=4.21 d。发酵末期发酵培养物（干基）中总糖含量D2为28.84%,总糖降解的半衰期t50%为3.536 d。     

菌体比生长速率的酒精发酵动力学研究

对酒精发酵过程和发酵动力学进行了研究。根据菌体生长速率定义（dCx／dt=μCx）和菌体比生长速率μ（μ=μ（t））出发，建立发酵过程中菌体生长和酒精生成的数学模型，并对试验数据与模型进行了比较，结果拟合良好，说明此模型较好地反映了酒精发酵过程及其动力学机制。     

乳酸菌混菌发酵制备豆清液多肽动力学模型的建立

为探究乳酸菌混菌发酵豆清液制备多肽的动态过程及钙螯合活性变化，建立描述菌体生长、多肽生成及蛋白质消耗动力学模型，测定了发酵过程中的pH值、蛋白酶酶活和钙螯合活力。结果表明，动力学模型具有良好可靠性；乳酸菌混菌发酵过程中多肽含量在对数期达到5.31 mg/mL，pH值下降至3.5左右后稳定；酸性蛋白酶酶活在4～8 h较高，最大酶活为3.6 U/mL；钙螯合活力总趋势为先升高后降低，在14 h达到最高值33.35%。     

pH对苯丙氨酸解氨酶重组大肠杆菌生长及产酶的影响

为了提高重组大肠杆菌苯丙氨酸解氨酶的产量和活力，研究了发酵过程中pH对重组大肠杆菌的生长及产酶的影响。结果表明，发酵液pH对菌体生长及酶活有显著的影响，控制发酵液pH可以显著提高菌体量和酶活，当控制pH为7．5时，菌体量和酶活最高。在5L发酵罐分批发酵培养时，控制pH为7．5时的菌体量和酶活分别可以达到OD600=19，总酶活为123U／g，分别比不控制pH高出29％和33％。     

黑曲霉固态发酵麻竹笋壳动力学研究

利用黑曲霉对麻竹笋壳进行固态发酵,每12 h取样,测定菌落总数,纤维素酶活,并基于Logistic和Luedeking-Piret方程,研究了黑曲霉固态发酵麻竹笋壳过程的菌体生长动力学,产物合成动力学。研究结果表明,模型模拟计算结果与试验结果吻合良好,该模型基本能反映黑曲霉固态发酵麻竹笋壳的过程。     

降解游离棉酚的热带假丝酵母菌的发酵动力学研究

对降解游离棉酚的热带假丝酵母菌的发酵动力学进行了研究.通过Logistic方程,以干物质损失量表示生物量,建立了热带假丝酵母菌固态发酵过程中菌体生长、总糖消耗和游离棉酚含量的动力学模型,应用Origin 8.0对实验数据进行处理,得到了热带假丝酵母菌固态发酵的模型参数.动力学分析结果表明,动力学模型与实验数据能较好地拟合,基本上反映了热带假丝酵母菌固态发酵过程.     

圆弧青霉发酵右旋糖酐酶过程动力学模型的建立

为了研究圆弧青霉发酵生成右旋糖酐酶的过程及动力学,测定发酵过程的菌体质量浓度、右旋糖酐酶酶活以及总糖(底物)质量浓度随时间的变化,分别采用Logistic方程、Luedeking-Piret方程和类Luedeking-Piret方程对实验数据进行非线性拟合,获得了圆弧青霉菌菌体生长、右旋糖酐酶生成和底物消耗的动力学模型,相关系数R2分别为0. 994、0. 992、0. 991。对获得的动力学模型进行分析,计算值与实验值的误差合理,所建立的发酵动力学模型能较好地反映出圆弧青霉菌发酵产右旋糖酐酶的过程,为控制和预测发酵过程提供了理论基础。     

青霉菌固态发酵棉秆生产纤维素酶工艺优化

利用青霉菌Q59固态发酵酸解棉杆制备纤维素酶,对影响青霉菌固态发酵过程中纤维素酶蛋白含量、CMC酶活和FPA酶活的工艺参数进行了优化。结果表明,通过单因素试验确定了响应面试验中各因素的水平中心点。通过响应面试验确定了固态发酵的优化工艺参数为:发酵时间7 d,起始p H 5.7,麸皮添加量质量分数12%,在此工艺条件下进行验证试验,得纤维素酶蛋白质含量、CMC酶活和FPA酶活分别为4.83±0.51,151.70±6.72和76.42±5.13 U/g PCS,与模型的理论预测值较接近,说明建立的模型是切实可行的。     

米曲霉固体发酵过程中的动力学

对米曲霉固体发酵生产酱油过程中各阶段的微生物动力学行为进行了研究,应用动力学的概念对所建立的菌种筛选模型进行了解释.种子生长和发酵阶段的研究结果表明碳源是米曲霉产孢子的速率限制性底物,种子阶段孢子对残总糖的产率系数为YX/S=2.428×1010 个/g,最大比生长速率μmax=5.28 d-1,产孢子的最大比生长速率与温度之间的关系呈钟罩形.同时建立了产孢子速率与水分含量的关系以及产酶速率与水分之间的关系.在发酵过程中发现了米曲霉的二次生长现象,该现象出现的时间随不同的底物比例发生迁移.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status