滤泥饲养地方品种肉鸡的试验

滤泥是制糖工业的主要副产物之一。多年来,人们都是将滤泥直接用于肥田,经济价值较低。近年来,为了解决滤泥的多层次利用问题,提高其经济价值和使用价值,我们对滤泥的营养成分进行了分析,发现滤泥富含蛋白质、磷、钙和多种微量元索,具有相当高的饲料价值。为论证滤泥用作饲料     

糖厂滤泥作为造纸填料的研究

用霉菌和碱净化糖厂滤泥,同时选取最佳漂白剂漂白滤泥,通过实验确定最佳漂白剂的最适反应条件;然后探讨了滤泥不同加填量对纸张性能的影响,并与商品轻质碳酸钙(PCC)加填纸的性能进行对比。结果表明,采用霉菌和碱净化滤泥,可使滤泥中残存有机物含量仅占滤泥CaCO3含量的0.14%,滤泥白度达到51.5%。最佳漂白剂(PL2)的最适反应温度100℃,用量6%,反应时间1.5 h,在此条件下获得的滤泥白度可达到60%。由纸张性能实验可知滤泥最佳用量为20%,与商品PCC加填纸性能相比,相同条件下滤泥加填纸的多项性能得到改善。     

糖厂滤泥可用作造纸填料

大连工业大学生物工程学院陈宝娣等人用霉菌和碱净化糖厂滤泥,同时选取最佳漂白剂漂白滤泥,通过实验确定最佳漂白剂的最适反应条件;然后探讨了滤泥不同加填量对纸张性能的影响,并与商品轻质碳酸钙（PCC）加填纸的性能进行对比。结果表明,采用霉菌和碱净化糖厂滤泥,可使滤泥中残存有机物含量仅占滤泥CaCO,含量的0．14％,滤泥白度达到51．5％。     

糖厂滤泥热压脱水的实验研究

在自制的热压脱水装置上进行糖厂滤泥在高温高压下的静态脱水试验,测定不同压力、温度和时间下滤泥的脱水量。实验结果表明,滤泥脱水效果明显,在压力为5MPa、加热温度130℃和脱水时间15min条件下,滤泥可最终脱水至水分含量为34.59%。温度、压力和时间对滤泥脱水的影响表现为,温度在110~135℃之间,其含水量急速下降,在135℃之后,其含水量下降趋势明显变缓;压力在1~4MPa之间,热压滤泥含水量急速下降,在4MPa之后,其含水量下降趋势变小;随着脱水时间的增加,在10min之前,热压滤泥含水量下降迅速,在10min之后,其含水量变化趋于平缓。     

磷酸上浮工艺技术的应用

针对目前碳酸法滤泥对环境污染的影响 ,采用新的澄清工艺来减少滤泥量和提高滤泥的可利用性 ,本文就引进“磷酸上浮工艺”解决碳酸法滤泥分离以及在实际生产中就如何提高清净效率的实践与探索进行阐述     

自动压滤机——滤泥干法输送

一、概述制糖工业滤泥湿法排放污染江河十分严重。由于糖厂—碳汁过滤设备多数采用密压机,只能湿法输送。而采用真空吸滤机的工厂,因滤泥干固物在40～48％,也无法直接用汽车运至滤泥堆场。国外甜菜糖厂都采用干法输送滤泥。有下列三种方式:     

利用亚硫酸法糖厂滤泥生产酒精探讨

一种利用亚硫酸法糖厂滤泥生产酒精的方法，用滤泥重量２～３倍的水稀释滤妮后，加热至８０～１００ｏＣ，再加人与滤泥重量相近的废蜜，混匀冷却后按常规方法发酵蒸酒、用这种方法生产酒精，充分利用了滤泥中将被废弃的糖分，较单纯用废蜜作原料生产酒精的成本要低，提高了糖厂的综合利用效益。利用亚硫酸法糖厂滤泥生产酒精探讨@黄林     

糖汁清净方法及滤泥资源化利用研究进展

总结了国内外糖汁清净方法和滤泥资源化利用两方面的研究进展。根据国内外研究现状指出糖汁清净方法和滤泥资源化利用中现存的一些问题,并提出自己对滤泥资源化利用的新想法以及发展趋势的展望。     

滤泥的综合利用

滤泥是糖厂的主要污染源之一，滤泥的利用及治理是糖厂环境综合治理的重点。经过制糖技术人员多年的努力探索，研究出了一些治理滤泥污染的方法；1滤泥制水泥由于烧制水泥熟料所用的生料中，必须含有氧化钙、二氧化硅三氧化二铝和三氧化一二铁等多种成分，其中氧化钙所占比例最     

糖厂滤泥热压脱水的简化脱水速率模型

在自制的热压脱水装置上进行糖厂滤泥在高温高压下的静态脱水试验,测定在5MPa压力下,温度在110-150℃时滤泥的脱水速率。在一定的简化和假设条件下,推导滤泥热压脱水速率方程;通过实验数据回归,建立数学模型。实验数据与模型预测值比较表明,模型基本反映压缩过程滤泥含水量随时间的变化趋势,模型计算值与实验数据误差平均为6.19%。     

己酸菌、窖泥与浓香型白酒之间的关系

己酸菌和窖泥与浓香型白酒关系密切,在一定程度上说,是它们在决定着浓香型白酒的质量及风格。就己酸菌与窖泥、己酸菌与甲烷菌、窖泥与清香、浓香、凤香等白酒之间的关系作了详细阐述,分析了浓香型白酒生产中窖泥退化的原因及防治措施,并就人工窖泥培养的配方、原料选择、工艺操作及管理等方面作了介绍。     

更新窖池泥 提高曲酒质量

通过对窖泥分析,找出窖泥退化原因,采用铲除退化泥更新培泥的方法,改善原窖池泥微生物的生态环境,有效的提高了曲酒的质量,使名酒率上升了9．27个百分点,四大酯比例更趋于协调。     

Purification, cloning, expression and immunological analysis of Scylla serrata arginine kinase, the crab allergen

BACKGROUND: Although crustaceans have been reported to be one of the most common causes of IgE‐mediated allergic reactions, there are no reports about the characterization and identification of arginine kinase (AK) from the mud crab (Scylla serrata) as allergen. In the present study, the purification, molecular cloning, expression and immunological analyses of the IgE allergen AK from the mud crab were investigated. RESULTS: The results showed that cloned DNA fragments of AK from the mud crab had open reading frames of 1021 bp, predicted to encode proteins with 356 amino acid residues. Sequence alignment revealed that mud crab AK shares high homology with other crustacean species. Mud crab AK gene was further recombined with the vector of pGEX‐4T‐3 and expressed in Escherichia coli BL 21. 2‐D electrophoresis suggested that native AK (nAK) and recombinant AK (rAK) shared the same molecular weight of 40 kDa, and the pI is 6.5 and 6.3, respectively. The nAK and rAK were further confirmed by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. Immunoblotting analysis and colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay (GICA) using sera from subjects with crustacean allergy confirmed that the nAK and rAK reacted positively with these sera, indicating AK is a specific allergen of mud crab. CONCLUSION: Both of purified nAK and rAK reacted positively with sera from subjects with crustacean allergy in immunoblotting and GICA analysis, indicating AK is a common allergen of mud crab. In vitro expressed AK is proposed as a source of the protein for immunological or clinical studies. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

The influence of white mud on the water absorption,surface wettability,mechanical, and dynamic thermomechanical properties of core–shell structured wood-plastic composites

European Journal of Wood and Wood Products - To obtain the optimum balance between performance and cost, white mud (lime mud) was incorporated into the shell layer of core–shell structured...     

Speciation of arsenic, chromium, and vanadium in red mud samples from the Ajka spill site, Hungary

Results are presented from X-ray absorption spectroscopy based analysis of As, Cr, and V speciation within samples of bauxite ore processing residue (red mud) collected from the spill site at Ajka, Western Hungary. Cr K-edge XANES analysis found that Cr is present as Cr(3+) substituted into hematite, consistent with TEM analysis. V K-edge XANES spectra have E(1/2) position and pre-edge features consistent with the presence of V(5+) species, possibly associated with Ca-aluminosilicate phases. As K-edge XANES spectra identified As present as As(5+). EXAFS analysis reveals arsenate phases in red mud samples. When alkaline leachate from the spill site is neutralized with HCl, 94% As and 71% V are removed from solution during the formation of amorphous Al-oxyhydroxide. EXAFS analysis of As in this precipitate reveals the presence of arsenate Al-oxyhydroxide surface complexes. These results suggest that in the circumneutral pH, oxic conditions found in the Torna and Upper Marcal catchments, incorporation and sorption, respectively, will restrict the environmental mobility of Cr and As. V is inefficiently removed from solution by neutralization, therefore, the red mud may act as a source of mobile V(5+) where the red mud deposits are not removed from affected land.     

Comparative study on chemical composition,thermal properties and microstructure between the muscle of hard shell and soft shell mud crabs

Chemical composition, thermal properties and microstructure of the muscle from hard shell and soft shell mud crabs were studied. Both lump and claw muscle of soft shell mud crabs contained a lower protein content but higher moisture and salt contents than those from hard shell mud crab (p < 0.05). Calcium and magnesium were the major minerals in the muscle of hard and soft shell mud crabs (240.5–699.2 ppm). Approximately one-third of calcium was observed in the muscle of soft shell mud crab, compared to that of hard shell mud crab. Copper, iron and zinc were the trace minerals with the amount less than 50 ppm. Hydroxyproline content ranged from 7.92 to 8.88 mg/g wet muscle in all samples, except claw muscle from soft shell mud crab, which contained considerably low hydroxyproline content (2.75 mg/g wet muscle). Sarcoplasmic and alkali-soluble proteins were the major constituents in all muscles, except claw muscle from soft shell mud crab, in which sarcoplasmic protein was the dominant component. T_max from myosin of lump muscle were 47.58–48.08 °C with enthalpy of 0.20–0.21 J/g, whereas myosin from claw muscle had lower T_max (45.00–47.48 °C) with lower enthalpy (0.17–0.18 J/g). Lump muscle bundles of hard and soft shell mud crabs aligned orderly, while claw muscles of both crabs had partial disintegrations and the porous structure was observed in that from soft shell crab.     

宜宾地区不同性状窖泥的细菌群落结构解析及代谢功能预测

该研究基于16S rRNA V3-V4区基因序列,采用高通量测序技术对宜宾地区不同性状窖泥（新窖泥、老熟窖泥、老化窖泥）的细菌群落结构差异进行分析,并采用PICRUSt预测不同性状窖泥微生物的代谢功能,解析宜宾地区不同性状窖泥的代谢功能差异。结果表明,该地区三种性状窖泥的细菌群落结构存在显著差异,老熟窖泥和老化窖泥细菌群落的丰富度高于新窖泥,而多样性相反。己酸菌属（Caproiciproducens）在老熟窖泥中的相对丰度较高,可能是该地区窖泥老熟的标志,该菌对浓香型白酒的风味物质形成具有重要的作用;乳酸杆菌（Lactobacillus）则在新窖泥中的相对丰度较高,可能是该地区新窖泥的标志。窖泥的碳水化合物代谢和氨基酸代谢功能最强,且其相对丰度同样呈现出老熟窖泥＞老化窖泥＞新窖泥的变化规律,说明老熟窖泥的细菌群落结构对浓香型白酒风味物质的形成最有利。     

Removal of phosphorus from oyster farm mud sediment using a photosynthetic bacterium, Rhodobacter sphaeroides IL106

Removal of phosphorous compounds from the mud sediment of an oyster farm was carried out by a series of bio-processes under anaerobic conditions. Anaerobic acidogenic fermentation of a mud sediment suspension (200 g wet wt/l artificial sea water) was initially carried out. With the addition of vitamins such as thiamine, nicotinic acid and biotin, acidogenic fermentation was enhanced to yield acetic acid of approximately 2 g/l. Furthermore, approximately 20 mg/l of PO4(3-) (10% of total phosphorus on mud weight) and 5300 mg/l of COD(Cr) (82% of organic matter on mud weight) were released into the culture broth after fermentation for 7 d. The supernatant of this culture broth was used to cultivate Rhodobacter sphaeroides IL106, a denitrifying photosynthetic bacterium. After 4 d, 3.32 g/l of biomass containing carotenoid and ubiquinone was obtained, and COD(Cr) and acetic acid were reduced by 58% and 72%, respectively. In addition, PO4(3-) was reduced by 97%, suggesting that the removal of PO4(3-) from the mud sediment might be possible by combining anaerobic acidogenic fermentation with R. sphaeroides cultivation.     

宜宾产区浓香型白酒窖房空气、窖泥和糟醅可培养细菌的相关性

采用经典微生物学方法及16S rRNA序列分析,对宜宾多粮浓香型白酒酿造车间空气、窖泥及发酵糟醅中细菌群落及部分酿造性能进行比较分析。结果表明:Bacillus cereus、B.methylotrophicus及B.tequilensis细菌在酿造车间内分布最广;3个取样点中,糟醅和窖泥中细菌群落的相似性指数最高,达85%;耐乙醇或分解淀粉的细菌主要分布于糟醅;耐乙酸细菌主要分布于窖泥;空气中分离到的细菌既不耐乙醇,也不耐乙酸。表明长期开展多粮浓香型白酒生产的酿造车间内已形成具备一定多样性、与酿造环境相适应、相对稳定的细菌群落;窖房空气、糟醅、窖泥中细菌群落相互间均存在相关性,且糟醅与窖泥细菌群落密切相关。     

浓香型酒建窖窖泥厚度与微生物菌种群的关系研究

对浓香型酒建窖窖泥厚度与微生物菌种群的关系进行了研究,结果表明：窖壁泥的好氧细菌和好氧芽孢细菌数量为150mm厚度窖泥〉50mm厚度窖泥〉100mm厚度窖泥,厌氧细菌和厌氧芽孢细菌数量随着建窖窖泥厚度的增加呈逐渐增加趋势;而窖底泥的好氧细菌和好氧芽孢细菌数量则随着窖泥厚度的增加呈逐渐减少趋势,厌氧细菌和厌氧芽孢细菌数量与窖泥厚度没有相关性,不同厚度窖泥的霉菌和酵母菌数量均较少。