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干腌火腿品级风味品质指标分析研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文分析金华火腿一、二品级后熟6个月样品的游离氨基酸(FAA)、氯化钠含量、水分含量和挥发性风味物质,研究确定了品级火腿的风味品质等级差别,结果表明:一、二品级火腿FAA总量分别为7.492%和4.865%(干样),差异显著,其中谷氨酸(Glu)、丙氨酸(Ala)、亮氨酸(Leu)、赖氨酸(Lys)4种金华火腿特征性滋味FAA一级比二级分别增加26%、24%、55%和107%;氯化钠含量偏高、水分含量偏低;一、二品级火腿肌肉和脂肪中分别检出77和80~82种挥发性物质,其中醛、羧酸、醇、酯四类为主要挥发性风味物质,火腿皮下脂肪的挥发性风味物质比肌肉更丰富;金华火腿传统工艺手工作坊方式和原始落后的牛产条件是产生、一:品级甚至品外级火腿的主要原因,干腌火腿传统工艺的现代化和标准化是提高其风味品质的必要条件。 相似文献
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干腌火腿加工中脂类物质变化研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
干腌火腿加工中,脂类物质经过降解(脂解和氧化)作用,形成了大量的挥发性风味物质,这些物质对干腌火腿的最终风味起了决定性的作用。综述了干腌火腿加工中脂类物质的降解过程。 相似文献
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干腌火腿风味研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
风味是干腌火腿重要的品质指标,它受到原料、辅料、生产工艺等多方面的影响。本文综述了干腌火腿风味的产生及影响因素,对火腿风味的感官评定、仪器测定以及目前风味研究中存在的主要问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
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微生物在传统干腌火腿成熟过程的作用 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
主要介绍了传统火腿成熟各阶段微生物的种类和数量及其与火腿风味物质之间的相关性,比较全面地反映了目前对微生物在传统干腌火腿成熟过程中所起作用的认识。 相似文献
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传统干腌火腿成熟机理的研究 总被引:7,自引:2,他引:5
主要介绍在传统干腌火腿加工中蛋白质的变化、影响蛋白质变化的因素及其降解产物对产品品质的影响,比较全面地反映了当前人们对传统干腌火腿加工中蛋白质降解机理的认识。 相似文献
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Proteolysis, texture, physicochemical, and sensory characteristics of Serrano hams from Duroc and Large White pigs at 5, 7, 9, 12, and 15 m of curing (3 hams per breed per curing time) were investigated. Higher concentrations of some sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins, peptides with molecular mass in the ranges 3700 to 12000 Da, 700 to 2000 Da, and below 450 Da, and total free amino acids were recorded for Large White hams, while hydrophobic peptides were at higher levels in Duroc hams. A 40 kDa peak in the low‐ionic‐strength soluble protein fraction and 2 peaks of 40 and 45 kDa in the high‐ionic‐strength soluble protein fraction found only in Duroc hams could be of use in discriminating products from different breeds. Physicochemical and textural characteristics of both types of hams evolved similarly during curing and differences in organoleptic traits between breeds were negligible. Flavor intensity and flavor quality of hams were strongly correlated to curing time, with r2 values over 0.95 for flavor intensity and over 0.90 for flavor quality, and to the concentration of total free amino acids, with r2 values over 0.90 for both flavor intensity and flavor quality. The sensory evaluation scores of Duroc hams, at least as high as those of Large White hams, make the production of high‐quality Serrano ham from pure breed Duroc pigs feasible. Practical Application: Duroc breed crosses are advantageous in the production of dry‐cured hams, resulting in higher marbling, enhanced flavor and lower processing losses, but the characteristics of pure breed Duroc hams have not been investigated. The similar evolution of the compositional, proteolytic, textural, and sensory characteristics of Serrano hams from Duroc and Large White pigs during dry‐curing recorded in the present work makes the production of high‐quality dry‐cured hams from pure breed Duroc pigs feasible. Three protein peaks found only in Duroc hams can be of use to discriminate products from different breeds. 相似文献
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Marta Garcia‐Esteban Diana Ansorena Iciar Astiasaran Diana Martin Jorge Ruiz 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2004,84(11):1364-1370
Simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) and solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) using a carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane fibre were compared for their effectiveness in the extraction of volatile compounds from dry‐cured ham samples. A higher number of compounds was detected using SPME owing to the use of a solvent delay time in the GC‐MS analysis of SDE extracts. SPME was more efficient in extracting low molecular weight and high volatility compounds, while SDE was able to extract compounds with low volatilities that were not extracted using SPME. Both techniques satisfactorily extracted most volatiles previously highlighted as odour‐active compounds in dry‐cured ham. However, the ratio between some compounds from lipid oxidation and those from degradation of amino acids was much lower in SDE extracts than with SPME, which could be a consequence of the development of Strecker degradation of amino acids during distillation in SDE owing to the high temperatures used. Similarly, diunsaturated aldehydes detected in SDE extracts were absent using SPME, probably owing to oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids in SDE as a consequence of the temperature during extraction. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Different assays were tested for the detection of proteolytic activity in both Pediococcus pentosaceus and Staphylococcus xylosus, two major microorganisms isolated from dry-cured ham. Absence of endopeptidase activity was found even when using raw sarcoplasmic and myofibrillar proteins. However, P. pentosaceus showed strong leucine and valine arylamidase activities while St. xylosus showed a very weak leucine arylamidase activity. 相似文献
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MARIA-JOSÉ MOTILVA FIDEL TOLDRÁ MARIA-ISABEL NADAL JOSÉ FLORES 《Journal of food science》1994,59(2):303-305
An initial freezing/thawing treatment of raw hams prior to dry-curing was compared to the standard process (refrigerated hams) by assaying free fatty acid generation and carbonyl index in both biceps femoris muscle and adipose tissues throughout curing. More intense lipolysis occurred between 0 and 5 mo for muscle, and 0 and 10 mo for adipose tissue. Lipid oxidation in adipose tissue was higher than in muscle. No significant differences (p<0.05) were observed in lipolysis between refrigerated and frozen/thawed hams at the end of the process. Ham sensory evaluation after 15 mo showed that initial freezing/thawing treatment did not affect final sensory quality except for a more salty taste. 相似文献
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Raquel Reina José Sánchez del Pulgar Jorge Tovar Pascual López‐Buesa Carmen García 《Journal of food science》2013,78(8):S1282-S1289
The physicochemical and sensory properties of 30 dry‐cured hams and 30 dry‐cured shoulders were analyzed to determine the relationships between them. The variables used to characterize both products were: compositional parameters, instrumental texture, amino acid and fatty acid composition, and sensory profile. Despite being products from the same animal and composed mainly of fat, lean, and bone, their morphological differences determine the conditions of the processing time, which produced differences between products in most of the parameters evaluated. Dry‐cured shoulders showed lower moisture content and greater instrumental hardness due to their morphology and muscular structure. Besides, these samples showed lower amino acid content according to the shorter ripening time. For the same reason, the dry‐cured hams showed higher moisture content, lower instrumental hardness, and higher amino acid content. However, the differences in the muscular structure did not affect the sensory characteristics, which were more related with some compositional parameters, such as chloride, moisture, and amino acid content and with the length of the curing process. 相似文献
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近年来,我国果蔬加工业发展迅速,脱水果蔬加工已经成为增加农民收入提高农业效益、促进我国区域经济发展,在国内外市场占据较大优势的重要行业。然而,果蔬的风味物质是评价果蔬品质的重要指标,在干燥加工过程中其风味物质的种类及含量会发生较大的变化,本文重点概述了目前国内外关于热风干燥、真空冷冻干燥、微波干燥和联合干燥以及其它干燥技术对果蔬挥发性风味物质和非挥发性风味物质2个方面的影响以及不同干燥技术引起风味物质变化的原因方面的研究进展,在阐述当前国内外果蔬干燥技术在风味物质上的研究现状的基础上,分析了现状及存在的问题,提出了干燥技术在果蔬风味物质中的应用研究可能发展的方向,为干制果蔬风味品质的研究提供参考。 相似文献
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Lipolysis, lipid peroxidation, and colorimetric characteristics of Serrano hams from Duroc and Large White pigs along a 15‐mo curing period were investigated. Physicochemical parameters of both types of hams evolved similarly during curing. Twelve of 13 free fatty acids (FFAs) increased during curing, eicosatrienoic acid being the only exception. Linoleic, stearic, and arachidonic acids and the minor heptadecanoic acid reached lower concentrations, and the rest of minor FFAs higher concentrations, in Duroc hams than in Large White hams. The index measuring the early stage of lipid peroxidation declined from month 5 onwards, indicating that the phenomenon had been completed by month 5, while the index of the secondary stage of lipid peroxidation increased with curing time. Higher values were found for the 1st index in Duroc hams. Curing affected color parameters. Lightness decreased and redness increased in both types of hams, while yellowness decreased only in Duroc hams. Lower redness values were found for Duroc hams. Major differences in color parameters were found between muscles. Principal components analysis of FFAs yielded 2 main principal components. The 1st factor, correlated with all FFAs excepting eicosatrienoic acid, allowed discrimination between curing times. The 2nd factor, correlated with eicosatrienoic acid, permitted discrimination between breeds. 相似文献