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1.
麦草浆臭氧漂白中戊聚糖含量的变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文为了探索未漂麦草浆在臭氧漂白过程中戊聚糖的变化规律,研究了不同臭氧用量、pH值、温度等的变化对浆料中戊聚糖含量的影响。结果表明:在臭氧含量低于3%及相对较低的温度下时戊聚糖溶出比较多,纤堆素的降解较少;在臭氧漂白过程中,戊聚糖含量较高及戊聚糖溶出,对纤维素能起到一定的保护作用。  相似文献   

2.
研究以麦草秸秆为原料制取微晶纤维素的制备工艺。运用添加乙酸的乙醇法低污染制浆技术,溶出麦草秸秆中的木素、半纤维素等杂质,采用全无氯的臭氧及过氧化氢漂白工艺对粗纤维素进行漂白,然后通过盐酸水解和稀碱处理制备得到微晶纤维素。结果表明,试验制取的微晶纤维素符合合成革用微晶纤维素的标准。在提取粗纤维素过程中催化剂乙酸的最佳用量是2%。水解时间对微晶纤维素产品聚合度的影响较大。麦草秸秆制取微晶纤维素的最佳工艺条件为:液比1:15,水解温度70℃,水解时间90min。碱处理的工艺条件为:碱浓5%,温度80℃,处理时间30min。  相似文献   

3.
研究了热水预水解对松木原料中主要碳水化合物的影响,探讨了阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、木糖和甘露糖的溶出规律及热水预水解对水解液中各聚糖浓度变化的影响;并研究了170℃水解温度对松木原料的化学组成如聚戊糖、苯-醇抽出物、综纤维素、木素、灰分含量的影响。结果表明,预水解过程中,各种聚糖的溶出速度从快到慢依次是:阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、甘露糖、木糖和葡萄糖,水解过程只有部分半纤维素被降解,大量半纤维素还将依赖后续蒸煮和漂白过程予以除去;在180℃的水解温度下,水解液中各聚糖的浓度随水解时间快速下降,糠醛和羟甲基糠醛的浓度则迅速增加,不利于水解液发酵制备乙醇;随着水解时间的延长,松木聚戊糖、灰分含量逐渐减少;苯-醇抽出物含量逐渐增加;综纤维素含量先快速下降,90 min后基本保持不变;木素含量先减少后又略有增加。  相似文献   

4.
在不同蒸煮条件下,得到不同卡伯值的麦草浆G-1、G-2、G-3、L-1,卡伯值分别为29、18.6、14、7.81;浆料经过酸预处理和螯合预处理,去除重金属离子对臭氧漂白的影响。然后经过臭氧-过氧化氢漂白,结果表明:卡伯值越高,脱木质素选择性越差,白度上升值越低。同时进行了四种不同卡伯值麦草浆臭氧漂白前后浆料中戊聚糖含量变化的比较。结果表明,低卡伯值麦草浆L-1有利于臭氧漂白。  相似文献   

5.
亚硫酸盐预处理对麦草组分分离和糖化的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
杨甲一  王高升  许杰 《中华纸业》2010,31(14):15-20
通过正交实验设计,研究了亚硫酸盐预处理对麦草组分分离和糖化的影响,所考虑的主要因素是预处理温度、保温时间、亚硫酸氢钠用量及硫酸用量,极差分析结果表明这四个因素均影响麦草的糖化效率。升高温度、增加亚硫酸氢钠用量和硫酸用量、延长保温时间均能增加麦草的糖化效率,同时促进原料中木素和戊聚糖的溶出,但也会使戊糖发生进一步的转化。从原料中溶出戊聚糖和木素是麦草糖化效率提高的重要原因。在预处理温度180℃、亚硫酸氢钠用量3%、硫酸用量1.48%和保温时间20min条件下,酶水解后纤维素转化率为90.9%。  相似文献   

6.
对光叶楮杆芯APMP制浆过程中化学成分变化的研究表明:用光叶楮杆芯制APMP浆料,在热水预处理后得率下降高达5个百分点,这与光叶楮杆芯水溶液抽出物含量高有关.热水预处理阶段得率的降低是由于部分苯-醇抽出物、1%NaOH抽出物和水抽出物及少量低分子戊聚糖的溶出造成的;在化学处理阶段和磨浆过程中得率的降低主要是碱性条件下,1%NaOH抽出物、戊聚糖和木素部分溶出的结果.含量高的水抽出物、1%NaOH抽出物、戊聚糖以及洗涤过程中薄壁细胞和细小纤维的流失,是导致光叶楮杆芯APMP浆料得率偏低的原因.  相似文献   

7.
以20个小麦品种为材料,研究了同一生态环境下,籽粒戊聚糖主要组分阿拉伯糖和木糖的含量,分析了戊聚糖组分与含量和籽粒碱提取液黏度之间的相互关系。结果表明:小麦籽粒水溶与水不溶戊聚糖及总戊聚糖含量分别为1.105%、3.412%和4.517%。水溶与水不溶戊聚糖中阿拉伯糖与木糖比值分别为0.550和0.677,且二者之间存在极显著的正相关关系。在戊聚糖组成中,木糖含量和阿拉伯糖含量呈极显著正相关关系,木糖含量对戊聚糖含量的贡献作用大于阿拉伯糖,水不溶戊聚糖含量对总戊聚糖含量的贡献作用大于水溶戊聚糖。对戊聚糖组分与籽粒碱提取液黏度进行通径分析和相关分析,水溶戊聚糖中的阿拉伯糖含量是影响黏度的主要因素,其与黏度之间的正相关关系是稳定存在的。  相似文献   

8.
在实验室条件下对阔叶木浆进行高浓、中浓、低浓臭氧漂白,并对漂白后纸浆的物理性能、结晶度、羧基含量等进行对比。结果表明,浆浓对漂白后纸浆性能有显著影响;当浆浓为3%时,漂白后纸浆白度为39.7%、黏度为745 mL/g、卡伯值为12.6。与中、高浓纸浆臭氧漂白相比,低浓臭氧漂白后的纸浆选择性最高为2.07。低浓臭氧漂白不仅可以防止纸浆黏度的下降,且一定程度上保护了纤维素的结晶区,臭氧利用率为96.5%,高于中、高浓纸浆臭氧漂白。  相似文献   

9.
本研究利用水热预处理方法辅助制备桉木溶解浆,并研究了水热预处理最高温度、保温时间、pH值对硫酸盐法制浆得率的影响。结果表明,未漂浆得率随预处理程度的增大而逐渐下降,其中半纤维素的溶出随水解液pH值的升高而增加,在较高pH值下主要以低聚木糖的形式大量溶出,水解液pH值对未漂浆得率的影响显著。研究还发现,漂白浆白度和α-纤维素含量均随水解液pH值的升高而增大。最佳的水热预水解工艺条件为:最高温度170℃、保温时间60 min、pH值4.9。水热预水解后,经硫酸盐蒸煮和无元素氯(ECF)漂白后,获得的浆料综合性能最好,浆料白度93.3%,α-纤维素含量93.32%,达到溶解浆的品质要求。红外光谱表明,水热预处理可以很好地去除原料中的半纤维素。  相似文献   

10.
分别采用KOH和NaOH溶液在4种条件下对玉米秆中半纤维素进行了预提取,利用离子色谱检测了提取液中半纤维素的糖类组分及含量.剩余原料用NaOH-AQ法制浆并将浆料进行漂白.结果表明,碱法提取玉米秆半纤维素效果显著,在提取温度为75℃,提取时间为2 h,KOH提取液浓度为1.5 moL/L时,半纤维素提取率可达99%.碱法水解之前以55℃热水处理对半纤维素的溶出并无显著作用.在温度75℃、提取时间2 h时,相同OH-浓度的KOH溶液对半纤维素的提取率比NaOH溶液高20.5%.制浆漂白结果表明,预提取可使浆料卡伯值下降,显著提高未漂浆的白度,各提取条件下NaOH-AQ浆的得率无明显差别,均比未处理的NaOH-AQ浆得率下降10%左右.无论是未漂浆还是漂白浆,碱法预提取均可使浆料撕裂指数显著提高,但其他物理强度有所降低.  相似文献   

11.
Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.  相似文献   

12.
An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.  相似文献   

13.
The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.  相似文献   

14.
The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.  相似文献   

15.
16.
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH3CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH2PO4-20.6 mM Na2B4O7 buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.  相似文献   

17.
A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.  相似文献   

18.
An investigation is described in which various polyfunctional compounds were applied to wool in attempts to stabilize the temporary improvements in wrinkle-recovery brought about by ‘annealing’. Several reactive systems involving formaldehyde were found to produce the desired permanently improved wrinkle-recovery.  相似文献   

19.
BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H2O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.  相似文献   

20.
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