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1.
植物化感作用研究现状及其在烟草栽培中的作用展望   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
从植物化感物质的种类、释放途径、作用机理、表现形式等角度概述了植物化感作用的原理。综述了植物化感作用在分子水平、土壤生态系统水平上和环境胁迫下化感效应的研究现状,探讨了研究植物化感作用在烟草栽培中的应用。   相似文献   

2.
  刘玉 《广西轻工业》2014,(4):66-69
由海水富营养化引发的赤潮是影响全球海洋环境状况的突出问题之一。如何更好地对其进行防治是当前近岸海域生态环境保护工作的重要课题与研究热点。浮游藻类作为赤潮灾害的主要参与者,抑制其生长繁殖无疑是防治赤潮的关键。本文在总结植物根系分泌物的种类及其对根系微生物的化感作用、植物化感抑藻的研究现状并列举有抑藻活性的水生植物种类的基础上,设计实验方案探讨红树根泌物对藻类是否具有化感作用以及红树根泌物的成分,在得到负效应存在的结果的前提下预测红树根泌物中包括单宁、氨基酸、低分子量有机酸、脱氢酶这几类化合物,并讨论红树根泌物的抑藻机理。  相似文献   

3.
不同烤烟品种对莴苣的化感作用研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用“三明治”生物测定方法,测定了不同烤烟品种根、茎和叶的化感潜力。结果表明,不同烤烟品种化感作用差异显著,化感作用强弱依次为叶>茎>根,对莴苣根长的化感作用强于芽长,且随着用量的增加化感作用呈现增强趋势;其中,中烟100 和K326的化感作用较强,NC102和新育成推广品种(系)CF220次之,NC89和云烟87较弱。  相似文献   

4.
为了明确大蒜对不同烤烟品种的化感作用,进行了大蒜挥发物、提取物及种过大蒜的土壤(0~10cm)对不同烤烟品种种子发芽率、种苗生长及成苗生长等的影响试验.结果表明:大蒜对不同烤烟品种具有一定的化感作用.不同烤烟品种的化感程度不同,对同一烤烟品种发芽、苗高及根长的化感作用或程度也不尽相同.其中.新鲜大蒜挥发物对烤烟种苗鲜物质的积累具有明显抑制作用,抑制率33.91%~57.89%;新鲜大蒜乙醇提取物对不同烤烟品种发芽具有较强的抑制作用,抑制率为7.00%~100%;种过大蒜的土壤可抑制不同烤烟品种种苗鲜物质的积累,抑制率为8.35%~60.96%.但大蒜提取物及种过大蒜的土壤对不同烤烟品种成苗无显著的抑制作用,说明在目前的烟草种植模式下,采用大蒜作为烤烟的轮作作物时,可不考虑大蒜对烤烟生长负面化感作用的影响.  相似文献   

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烟草化感自毒作用与其连作障碍研究的启示   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
介绍了植物化感自毒作用的概念、产生机理和作用特点,对烟草连作导致其产量和品质下降,土壤营养失衡和病虫害的发生进行了综述,认为烟草的品质成分与化感自毒物质的同质性是烟草栽培中连作障碍与化感自毒作用更强烈的根本原因。提出了深化烟草化感自毒作用研究,强化栽培技术的"地域性",构建现代烟草农业的生态格局等实现烟叶生产可持续发展的措施。  相似文献   

7.
茉莉酸甲酯对甘蔗化感物质诱导作用的研究初报   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过气相色谱分析方法,对喷施2.28 mg/L茉莉酸甲酯水溶液以及机械损伤处理72 h后,甘蔗蔗苗茎、叶中化感物质进行了分析.结果显示,茉莉酸甲酯和机械损伤能诱导甘蔗植株体中化感物质的合成,也能使某些化感物质合成受抑制;茉莉酸甲酯的诱导效应与机械损伤的诱导效应有类似之处,亦有差异.  相似文献   

8.
随着近些年水污染趋势的不断加剧,以及水资源紧缺现象的愈发严重,治理水环境已经成为了一项重要的社会问题。作为江河湖泊中最为常见的植物类型,水生植物经常被相关人员用来作为水塘和湿地的污水治理手段。将水生植物应用到治理水环境的工作中,其自身的新陈代谢行为可以促进水环境中微生物降解的速度,控制水污染。文章以水生植物为研究点,通过对其在水环境治理工作中的作用进行分析,从而对其在该项治理工作中具体的应用情况进行研究。  相似文献   

9.
以对化感物质具有高敏感性的莴苣(Lactuca sativa)种子为指示材料,研究了烟草品种K326形成的顶、腋芽等残体腐解液的化感潜力,同时将残体腐解液(各组分)分离后分别进行化感潜力的生物测定。结果表明:1)烟草残体腐解液对莴苣种子萌发及幼苗生长具有显著的抑制作用,且表现出低促高抑的双重浓度效应;2)腐解液及其组分对种苗各部分生长的抑制强度表现为:胚根>胚轴>子叶;3)将烟草残体腐解液分离后进行的生物测定表明,其酸溶性组分的生长抑制作用强度>碱溶性组分>中性组分,在烟草残体腐解液中酸溶性组分的化感物质是形成生长抑制作用的主体,而中性及碱溶性组分中的化感物质在一定浓度范围内对生长具有促进效应。   相似文献   

10.
连作烟草根际土壤化感潜力评价及化感物质鉴定   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
以不同植烟年限的烟草根际土壤为材料,设置6个不同浓度的土壤水浸提液处理,分别对莴苣和烟草进行生物测试,同时用2g· mL-1的正已烷、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、丙酮和甲醇5种不同极性有机溶剂根际土壤浸提液进行化感潜力评价;采用气相色谱和质谱联用技术(GC-MS)鉴定烟草根际土壤甲醇浸提液所含的有机化合物.结果表明:(1)烟草根际土壤水浸提液对莴苣和烟草胚根生长的影响表现为低促高抑的双重浓度效应,并且随着种植年限的增加抑制作用增强.(2)浓度为2g·mL-1的烟草根际土壤甲醇浸提液对莴苣和烟草胚根的生长抑制作用最强,正已烷、氯仿、乙酸乙酯土壤浸提液基本上无抑制现象.(3)鉴定了不同种植年限烟草根际土壤甲醇浸提液中所含的有机化合物,其中种植1年、种植3年的烟草根际土壤甲醇浸提液中存在烷烃、醇、酮、酸、酯、酚、萜烯类以及多环芳烃等有机化合物.  相似文献   

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Monitoring of nitrate in Swedish-produced lettuce and spinach over the past 10 years (1996-2005) showed that more than 95% of the samples were below the maximum levels established by the European Commission in 1997. The good agricultural practices used by Swedish farmers may partly explain these results. Analytical results of organic farming production of lettuce from 2000 showed low nitrate levels compared with conventional production. The 10 years of Swedish experience has shown good compliance with the European Union maximum levels, but even lower nitrate levels may be achieved by organic farming methods, at least regarding fresh lettuce grown under cover.  相似文献   

14.
    
BACKGROUND: To reduce herbicide use by 75%, integrated use of sorghum and sunflower extracts each at 18 L ha?1 combined with 1/4th (75% less) of label rates of four herbicides (mesosulfuron + idosulfuron, metribuzin, phenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl and isoproturon) were investigated for the management of wild oat and canary grass, the two pernicious weeds in wheat fields worldwide. RESULTS: The results revealed that sorghum + sunflower extracts combined with 1/4th (75% less) of label rates of herbicides inhibited dry matter production of wild oat by up to 89% and canary grass by up to 92%. The wild oat and canary grass persistence index in sorghum + sunflower extracts combined with 1/4th (75% less) of label rates of herbicides was either lower or equal to respective label rates of herbicides, except sorghum + sunflower extract + 1/4th phenoxaprop‐p‐ethyl. Lower herbicide rates + water extracts also produced wheat grain yield statistically equal with label rates of respective herbicides. Two treatments having water extracts + lower herbicides rates were economical and sorghum + sunflower + 1/4th mesosulfuron + idosulfuron produced the highest (4404%) marginal rate of return. CONCLUSION: Herbicides use can be reduced by 75% through integration with sorghum + sunflower extracts without compromising yield and net benefits for cost‐effective and eco‐friendly management of wild oat and canary grass in wheat. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry  相似文献   

15.
以青藏高原地区青海省东部干旱区域常见杂草旱雀麦(Bromus tectorum Linn)作为受体,用琼脂共培法对青藏高原青海省东部干旱区域8种主要栽培小麦品种进行化感作用的评价。结果表明:8种小麦品种对旱雀麦的发芽率、发芽势抑制强度为2.78%~69.44%,其中高原448抑制作用最强,乐麦5号抑制作用最弱,青春38、高原437、通麦1号对旱雀麦种子萌发的抑制率都达到10%以上,而互助红、互麦14则对旱雀麦种子萌发表现为负的抑制率。相关性分析得出:处理间化感作用的差异在根长、芽长、干重方面的P值分别为0.0166、0.0194和0.0001,达到显著水平,鲜重P值大于0.5,无相关性。利用化感作用效应指数(RI值)作为化感指标,结合聚类分析得出高原448化感作用最强,青春38、高原437、通麦1号、阿勃化感作用中等,互助红、互麦14号、乐麦5号没有化感作用。  相似文献   

16.
Dairy processing uses a significant amount of water for processing and cleaning. Withdrawing and distributing water and treating wastewater represent significant costs to the Irish dairy processing industry. Stringent discharge limits also add pressure for water use efficiency, particularly during peak production months. Improving water use efficiency is therefore critical for Irish dairy processing. We conducted a detailed analysis of water use efficiency in 4 Irish dairy processing plants. Using farm gate to processor gate (gate-to-gate) life cycle assessment, we assessed on-site water data quality and investigated gate-to-gate volumetric water use and eutrophication potential (EP) for 3 common dairy products. We also benchmarked the on-site water use and water balance, characterized wastewater nutrient load, analyzed the influencers of on-site water use, and identified scope for increased water use efficiency. We found that condensate from evaporation represented a significant input at the site level (0.51 to 1.14 L/L of fresh water purchased or extracted from nature). In terms of gate-to-gate volumetric water use, butter used 1,326 to 1,843 m3/t of solids, with electricity being the largest contributor, whereas milk powders used 3,006 to 3,754 m3/t of solids, with electricity and ingredients being the largest contributors. Eutrophication of butter was found to be 0.51 to 0.77 kg of PO4 equivalents (eq)/t of solids, with transportation and nutrient emissions from wastewater treatment being the largest contributors. Eutrophication of milk powder was found to be 0.96 to 3.35 kg of PO4 eq/t of solids, and contributions varied depending on powder specifications. Milk intake water use and various leakages were found to be hotspots that could be managed to reduce water use on site. Comprehensive metering is urgently needed to improve water use efficiency in light of the ongoing expansion of dairy production and hence processing in Ireland. Significant opportunities exist to optimize operator behavior, water reuse, and off-site transportation and energy. This study represents the first attempt to define water efficiency opportunities both at the site level and along the supply chain. Processors need to be aware of off-site contributors that significantly affect both volumetric water use and environmental impacts of processed dairy products.  相似文献   

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