角蛋白基吸附剂的研究进展

角蛋白在羊毛、人的头发和鸟的羽毛中大量存在,是一种潜在有用的可再生生物聚合物.在角蛋白的主链和侧链上含有多种官能团,可通过物理或化学吸附机制分离有毒有害物质,是制备生物质基吸附剂的理想材料.本文详细综述了角蛋白基吸附剂的制备方法、原理及在废水处理中的应用,揭示了其吸附机理,最后指出了角蛋白基吸附剂的制备、吸附和再生过程...     

虾壳基生物吸附剂的制备及对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附热力学研究

以废弃虾壳为原料,在N₂环境下通过管式炉高温活化制备生物吸附材料,并采用场发射扫描电镜、透射电子显微镜、全自动比表面积及孔径分析仪、X射线单晶衍射仪、红外光谱仪对其进行表征;同时探讨了虾壳基生物吸附剂对水中Cr6+的吸附性能。结果表明,在800℃下制备的虾壳基生物吸附剂经过改性后,主要成分是CaO,比表面积达137.942 m2/g,是活化前的4倍。通过吸附实验发现,虾壳基生物吸附剂的用量和pH对吸附效果的影响较大,且对Cr6+的吸附同时符合Freundlich和Langmuir两种等温吸附模型。由此可知,通过废弃虾壳制备的生物吸附剂,具有良好的吸附性能,可将其制备成一种纯天然的绿色水处理剂。     

功能化纳米纤维素基重金属吸附剂的研究进展

本文分析了纳米纤维素基吸附剂对重金属离子的高效吸附、选择性吸附和荧光检测3种吸附研究进展,归纳了纳米纤维素基吸附剂的功能化方法和吸附机理,探讨了功能化纳米纤维素基吸附剂的研究现状,并对其在重金属废水处理应用中的发展前景进行了展望。     

生物吸附剂对含铜废水的吸附性能研究

利用水稻秸秆发酵后碱液浸提酸沉淀的方法制备生物质吸附剂,对该吸附剂的性质和含铜废水的吸附性能展开了研究。采用平衡吸附法研究吸附剂的投入量、体系pH 、铜离子浓度对吸附剂吸附水中铜离子的影响。研究结果表明,吸附剂适合处理低浓度含铜废水（铜离子浓度低于100 m g/L,吸附去除率高于80%）,当吸附剂用量1.5 g/L、pH 5.0时,对20 m g/L C u2＋的去除率达到最大值为96.45%。该生物吸附剂以单分子层吸附为主,吸附等温线符合Langm uir方程,饱和吸附量为61.9763 m g/g,动力学行为符合拟二级动力学模型。     

木质素基吸附材料的研究进展

木质素是一类含量丰富的天然芳香族聚合物,是木质生物质的三大组分之一,也是制浆造纸过程中的剩余物,其资源开发潜力巨大。因此,有效地开发木质素有助于缓解资源匮乏问题。本文首先对木质素的分类方式、组成特性及结构特征进行了总结介绍;其次对木质素的吸附性能、理化性质及其发展前景进行综述,进而概述了国内外木质素基吸附材料的最新研究进展;最后总结了当下木质素基吸附材料领域的研究现状,并在此基础上展望了其高值化利用的前景。     

纤维素基吸附材料的研究进展

对天然纤维素进行酯化、醚化及接枝共聚等改性可制得纤维素基吸附材料,其可吸水、吸油、吸附重金属离子和有机物等,是一种新型功能性高分子材料,具有重要的应用价值。文章主要介绍了近年来纤维素基吸附材料的研究现状,展望了纤维素基吸附材料的发展前景。     

含水乙醇蒸汽脱水的生物质吸附性能研究

使用恒温固定吸附床对乙醇蒸汽脱水的生物质吸附剂的吸附性能进行研究。考查了床层温度、进料浓度、表观气速和吸附剂粒径对吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明,在87％（w／w）乙醇／水蒸汽,吸附剂对乙醇的吸附量最小。降低床层温度,接近蒸汽冷凝点温度;减小粒径,增大吸附剂单位比表面积;减小进料速度,增大停留时间都将有利于吸附操作。在吸附剂吸附量一定的情况下,进料浓度提高,水的吸附量增大。     

真菌毒素吸附剂开发及吸附效果评价方法研究进展

国家高度重视节粮减损工作,强调采取多项措施降低粮食损失。真菌毒素污染造成了粮油和饲料资源的损失,并严重威胁人类和畜禽健康。采用物理、化学和生物法可以脱除真菌毒素,提高饲料资源的利用价值,其中吸附剂吸附是通过吸附剂和真菌毒素稳定结合成复合体的脱毒方式。对传统吸附剂的多重改性、新型吸附材料的开发显著提升了脱毒效果。综述真菌毒素吸附剂的种类及其在粮油饲料中使用效果的评价方法,简要介绍了铝硅酸盐类、碳材料、有机高分子、生物吸附剂和新型吸附材料等真菌毒素吸附剂的改性方法,重点介绍了体外法、人工胃肠液体外模拟和动物试验在真菌毒素吸附剂有效性和安全性评价中的应用,可以为新型高效真菌毒素吸附剂的开发、科学应用及其吸附机制解析提供参考。     

木薯吸附剂制取无水乙醇可行性研究

采用生物质吸附法,将木薯干片经简单制备作为吸附荆制无水乙醇.用Hydrosorb 1000水蒸汽吸附仪测定了40～60目的木薯吸附剂在40℃时等温吸附脱附数据和比表面积.将木薯和Chromosorh WAW DMCS硅藻土载体装填色谱柱,用反气相色谱法研究木薯吸附剂对水和乙醇的吸附选择性.研究结果显示,木薯吸附剂具有良好的吸附性能.可用于吸附法制无水乙醇.     

低成本吸附剂处理印染废水的研究进展及发展趋势

吸附技术广泛应用于印染废水中染料的去除,目前普遍使用商业活性炭作为吸附材料,由于成本高、再生困难,限制了其应用和发展,因此研究价格低廉的新型吸附剂替代活性炭十分必要。简单介绍了工业废弃物、天然材料和生物吸附剂,并描述了它们的优点和局限性。     

碳纳米纤维结构设计及其对水污染物吸附机制的研究进展

为促进碳纳米纤维(CNFs)在污水污染物吸附领域的应用,针对性开发具有高吸附性能的CNFs吸附剂,分别综述了静电纺丝法、化学气相沉积法、模板法以及绿色环保法制得的CNFs吸附剂的结构设计、制备、功能化改性原理等,着重分析了各CNFs吸附剂的吸附机制,列举了多种CNFs对污水中重金属离子、阳离子染料及有机污染物的吸附性能,探讨了不同方法制得的CNFs在制备效率、结构、吸附性能、重复利用性能等方面的优劣势,并阐述了CNFs吸附剂在电除盐、离子测定等其他领域的应用拓展;最后提出了低成本产业化制备、多污染物广泛吸附、力学性能提升、驻极辅助吸附、循环利用及其应用领域拓展等为今后CNFs吸附剂发展的重点方向。     

Synthesis and CO₂ adsorption properties of molecularly imprinted adsorbents

A series of molecularly imprinted adsorbents of CO(2) were developed by molecular self-assembly procedures, using ethanedioic acid, acrylamide, and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as template, functional monomer, and cross-linker, respectively. Textural properties of these adsorbents were characterized by N(2) adsorption experiment, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. CO(2) adsorption capacities of adsorbents were investigated by thermo-gravimetric balance under 15% CO(2)/85% Ar atmosphere. Adsorption selectivity of CO(2) was studied by fixed-bed adsorption/desorption experiments. All the adsorbents displayed good thermal stability at 200 °C. Among them, MIP1b, with the higher amine content, exhibited the largest CO(2) capacity, which maintained steady after 50 adsorption-desorption cycles. Although MIP3 showed the highest specific surface, the CO(2) capacity was lower than that of MIP1b. CO(2) adsorption mechanism of molecularly imprinted adsorbents was determined to be physical sorption according to the adsorption enthalpies integrated from the DSC heatflow profiles. The calculated separation factors of CO(2) under 15% CO(2)/85% N(2) atmosphere were above 100 for all adsorbents.     

国产弱阳离子琼脂糖交换介质的性能及其用于蛋清溶菌酶的分离纯化

从理化性能、离子交换容量、静态和动态吸附性能等方面对国产快流速CM-琼脂糖弱酸性阳离子交换介质进行了综合考察和评价,并应用该介质进行了鸡蛋清中溶茵酶的分离.结果发现,国产介质的理化性能符合要求,离子交换容量达到了187 mmol/mL,高于国外商品介质;对模型蛋白溶菌酶的静态和动态吸附容量分别达到了107.0 mg/mL和90.3 mg/mL(高流速下),同样略高于国外商品介质,显示能够满足蛋白质的有效吸附;离子交换层析分离蛋清溶菌酶较为成功,纯度在95%以上,产量达到了4.1 mg/mL鸡蛋清.     

Fundamental adsorption characteristics of carbonaceous adsorbents for 1,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene in a model gas of an incineration plant

Carbonaceous adsorbents such as activated carbon have been used to reduce the emission of organic pollutants from incineration plants. However, with this method, the amount and type of adsorbent to be used are based only on empirical results, which may lead to overuse of the adsorbents. The fundamental adsorption characteristics of several kinds of activated carbon, activated coke, and carbide wood were examined using 1 ,2,3,4-tetrachlorobenzene as an adsorbate. The removal performance and various equilibrium adsorption characteristics of these adsorbents were analyzed using laboratory-scale adsorption equipment. The equilibrium adsorption amount increased by a factor of 1.9-3.2 at 150 degrees C compared with that at 190 degrees C. The effect of the moisture content on adsorption capacity was relatively small in comparison with that of the temperature. The micropore volume for pore diameters of 2 nm or less was the most important factor governing the adsorption capacity for all adsorbents. Activated carbon showed superior adsorption ability compared to activated coke and carbide wood, although all adsorbents were sufficient for practical use.     

Equilibrium and heat of adsorption for organic vapors and activated carbons

Determination of the adsorption properties of novel activated carbons is important to develop new air quality control technologies that can solve air quality problems in a more environmentally sustainable manner. Equilibrium adsorption capacities and heats of adsorption are important parameters for process analysis and design. Experimental adsorption isotherms were thus obtained for relevant organic vapors with activated carbon fiber cloth (ACFC) and coal-derived activated carbon adsorbents (CDAC). The Dubinin-Astakhov (DA) equation was used to describe the adsorption isotherms. The DA parameters were analytically and experimentally shown to be temperature independent. The resulting DA equations were used with the Clausius-Clapeyron equation to analytically determine the isosteric heat of adsorption (deltaHS) of the adsorbate-adsorbent systems studied here. ACFC showed higher adsorption capacities for organic vapors than CDAC. DeltaHS values for the adsorbates were independent of the temperature for the conditions evaluated. DeltaHS values for acetone and benzene obtained in this study are comparable with values reported in the literature. This is the first time that deltaHS values for organic vapors and these adsorbents are evaluated with an expression based on the Polanyi adsorption potential and the Clausius-Clapeyron equation.     

亚麻籽油中苯并(α)芘的脱除工艺

针对亚麻籽油中苯并（α）芘残留问题,采用了物理吸附法脱除亚麻籽油中的苯并（α）芘。以活性炭与活性白土为吸附剂,通过二者单独作用及其混合使用,比较三种吸附剂对苯并（α）芘的吸附速率,并采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间串联质谱法结合NIST标准图谱库对经脱除装置处理前后的亚麻籽油中不饱和脂肪酸成分含量进行了鉴定分析。结果表明活性白土的固定用量为4%时,苯并（α）芘脱除率将近达到40%;活性炭的用量为2%时,其脱除率达到83%;将二者串联使用时,脱除率可达到96%。另外苯并（α）芘浓度<15 μg/kg时使用活性白土吸附过滤;苯并（α）芘浓度为15~30 μg/kg时使用活性炭吸附过滤;苯并（α）芘浓度>30 μg/kg时使用二者串联吸附过滤,因此物理吸附法去除亚麻籽油中苯并（α）芘效果最好的是将活性白土与活性炭串联处理,其最佳条件为:活性粘土与活性炭串联比例为0.8%+4%,在此条件下去除率可达96%。同时利用吸附剂对亚麻籽油中不饱和脂肪酸并没有造成损失。综上,本文为亚麻籽油中苯并（α）芘的脱除提供了理论依据。     

Selection of low swelling materials for protein adsorption from white wines

Summary The protein adsorption capacity of different materials was evaluated to assess their potential efficacy as alternative adsorbents for the removal of proteins from wines, with the purpose of finding suitable low-swelling materials that could be used in a percolated bed. The adsorbents tested were thermally treated sodium bentonite, low-swelling adsorbing clays, ion exchange resins and other protein adsorbents (silica gel, hydroxyapatite and alumina). The materials were evaluated by analysing both the capacity to stabilize untreated white wines, according to a heat test, and by characterizing the adsorption isotherms of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in a model wine (water, ethanol and K-bitartrate). Breakthrough curves in a packed bed were determined experimentally for some materials, showing the influence of the adsorption isotherm shape. Some ion-exchange resins showed a favourable behaviour and have good potential as alternative adsorbents.     

凹凸棒石在大豆油脱色过程中吸附行为的探讨

本论文在475nm下测定了不同吸附剂对油中色素类物质的吸附情况。通过分析所得的热力学参数,比较了活性碳C1和三种具有不同孔径分布的活性凹凸棒石(C2、C3、C4)四种吸附剂对油脂脱色过程中色素类物质的脱除效果。从理论上探索了凹凸棒石这种新型吸附剂在油脂脱色过程中对油中色素类物质的吸附特性。结果表明,活化的凹凸棒石比活性碳具有更强的去除油中色素类物质的能力。同时通过对四种吸附剂的比表面积及孔隙分布数据的分析比较,说明了吸附剂的的比表面积不能决定吸附剂的吸附效果,吸附剂和吸附质的极性越相近,吸附剂的孔径分布和吸附质的截面大小越相似,越有利于吸附作用的发生。     

超声波辅助不同吸附剂吸附蓝莓渣花色苷效果的比较

采用超声波(20 kHz)辅助四种不同材料(大孔树脂XAD-7HP、酿酒酵母、活性炭、膨润土)吸附蓝莓渣花色苷,比较在水浴振荡和超声波辅助下不同吸附剂对花色苷的吸附效果,研究其吸附动力学过程,进行动力学模型拟合,并采用红外光谱法分析超声波辅助吸附前后吸附剂结构变化,确定在吸附过程中可能发挥作用的官能团。结果表明:超声波辅助下四种吸附剂对花色苷的吸附量均显著高于水浴振荡(P<0.05),吸附量大小:大孔树脂XAD-7HP>活性炭＞膨润土＞酿酒酵母;超声作用下酿酒酵母对花色苷吸附量提高程度最大,提高了19.56%,其余吸附剂按超声作用下吸附量提高程度由大到小依次为膨润土、活性炭和树脂,分别提高了16.48%、11.90%和8.62%;与一级动力学模型相比,Lagergren二级动力学模型能更好地拟合这四种吸附剂对花色苷的吸附过程;傅里叶变换红外光谱分析显示在吸附过程中,大孔树脂表面的酚羟基发生了位移,可能用于形成氢键;酿酒酵母中-COOH和-OH参与了吸附过程,可能发生氢键的位移,多糖和酰胺基团也发挥了作用;活性炭吸附花色苷过程受C=C和C-O影响,O-H变形振动或者-CH₂变形振动也可能参与其中;膨润土在吸附过程中发生了Si-O的变形和弯曲振动,原-OH吸收峰发生移动,这表明膨润土能成功吸附花色苷的原因可能是氢键发生了位移。     

PA、H103及XAD-4树脂在茶多酚吸附工艺中的特性研究

本文主要研究了PA、H103及XAD-4树脂在茶多酚吸附分离体系中的吸附热力学特性及吸附动力学特性。热力学研究表明,三种吸附剂的吸附等温线都属于优惠型的吸附等温线,并可以用Langmiur 方程来描述,且与Langmiur方程高度相关;动力学特性研究表明,PA和H103树脂为中速吸附型的吸附剂,XAD-4为慢速吸附型的吸附剂。PA、H103及XAD-4树脂的吸附平衡速率常数依次为KPA=1.461h-1,KH103=1.198h-1,KXAD-4=0.498h-1。