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1.
有机锡化合物是由于人为活动引入到海洋环境中毒性最大的化学物质之一,极低浓度下即可引起海洋生物的性畸变,还可通过食物链对人类健康产生威胁。本文概述了近年来海产品对有机锡的富集和有机锡降解研究的成果,为海洋环境中有机锡风险评价和海产品食用安全评价提供科学依据,同时对于控制海洋污染,保护海洋生物资源,保障人类健康具有重要的意义。  相似文献   

2.
有机锡化合物具有脂溶性,易通过食品包装材料进入食物中产生富集,对人体具有一定毒性,其有机锡种类繁多、分析过程复杂,毒性问题日益受到人们广泛关注。对食品包装材料中有机锡化合物分析方法的研究进展进行了概述,对样品前处理方法进行了介绍:主要有超声波萃取、微波萃取、固相萃取和固相微萃取等。分析方法主要包括气相色谱法、气相色谱-质谱联用法、液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法及液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法等。最后,展望了食品包装材料中有机锡化合物分析方法的发展趋向。  相似文献   

3.
目的分析浙江省主要海产品中铬(Cr)的含量分布情况,并对其进行风险分析。方法采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)测定浙江省沿岸海域21种海洋经济种中的Cr元素含量。以样品检测结果为数据基础,分析海产品中Cr元素分布特征;采用单因子污染指数法分析检测结果评价不同海产品中Cr元素的污染程度;同时结合第五次中国总膳食研究调查数据,采用非致癌风险评价方法计算Cr元素的危害商数(target hazardquotients, THQ),并进行食用健康风险评估。结果贝类污染指数(pollution index, Pi)为0.796,属于中度污染;虾类、蟹类和头足类Pi值分别为0.282、0.260和0.352,处于轻度污染水平;鱼类Pi值为0.148,为未受污染水平。5类海产品的危害商数THQ为0.046~0.208,均小于安全基准值1。结论浙江省主要海产品对人体不具有潜在的健康风险。  相似文献   

4.
《食品安全导刊》2010,(10):30-31
近期发生的墨西哥湾漏油事件,引起了人们对该海域海产品质量的担忧。石油中含有一类重要化合物——多环芳烃(PAH),会对海洋中的鱼、甲壳类动物以及软体动物造成污染,食用后将给人们带来潜在的健康风险。  相似文献   

5.
呕吐毒素又名脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON),是食品中污染最广泛的单端孢霉烯族化合物,且这类化合物是致吐和厌食毒性最强的真菌毒素。DON由镰刀菌产生,对动物和人体的肠道系统、免疫系统、神经系统、肝、肾、脾等器官和组织产生毒性,具有较强的细胞毒性,其中肠道为其毒性作用的第一道屏障。本文综述DON的食品污染特性、吸收代谢及不同研究模型的肠道毒性,并针对其易转化的特点,总结DON衍生物的肠道毒性,为今后DON及其衍生物的毒理学研究提供参考。  相似文献   

6.
本实验建立了一种同时检测海产品中9种有机锡化合物的新方法。样品依次经过超声波提取,冷冻脱脂,N-丙基乙二胺(PSA)分散固相萃取、四乙基硼酸钠衍生、石墨化炭黑(GCB)分散固相萃取,最后采用气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)进行测定。在优化条件下,9种有机锡化合物的线性范围为10~1000 μg/L,相关系数为0.9952~0.9988,检出限(3S/N)为0.4~1.0 μg/kg dw (干重),以Sn计。在2.00、20.0和200 μg/kg 3个添加水平的回收率为81.2%~115.0%,相对标准偏差为4.1%~7.5%(n=5)。对龙头鱼、梅童鱼、小黄鱼、大黄鱼、带鱼、鲳鱼、海鳗、哈氏仿对虾、口虾蛄、梭子蟹、缢蛏、牡蛎等海产品中9种有机锡化合物进行检测,结果表明梅童鱼、小黄鱼、大黄鱼、海鳗中均未检出9种有机锡化合物。在龙头鱼、带鱼、鲳鱼、哈氏仿对虾、口虾蛄、梭子蟹、缢蛏、牡蛎中9种有机锡化合物总量为ND~162.0 μg/kg ww (湿重),以Sn计。该方法简捷高效,基体干扰小,可用于海产品样品中的9种有机锡化合物的同时检测。  相似文献   

7.
邻苯二甲酸酯毒理学研究进展   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)作为重要的聚氯乙烯塑料增塑剂在工业上应用广泛。目前,PAEs在海洋、大气、饮用水及动植物体内均被不同程度检出,对生态环境造成日益严重的污染。结合国内外毒理学研究成果,文章概述PAEs的人体暴露,并从肝脏、生殖发育系统、细胞、肾脏、神经毒性及对水生生物的毒性等方面详细探讨PAEs对动物健康的危害及其可能的毒性机制,以及对人体健康潜在的影响;在此基础上,对目前存在的问题及进一步研究的方向进行了探讨和展望。  相似文献   

8.
近期发生的墨西哥湾漏油事件,引起了人们对该海域海产品质量的担忧.石油中含有一类重要化合物--多环芳烃(PAH),会对海洋中的鱼、甲壳类动物以及软体动物造成污染,食用后将给人们带来潜在的健康风险.为此,美国环境保护署(EPA)已将多环芳烃等16种化合物确定为重点污染物,路易斯安那州也公布了一项"安全响应与质量认证计划",其中颁布了12种这类化合物的筛选标准.  相似文献   

9.
全氟化烷基化合物(Perfluorinated alkyl substances, PFASs)是一类新型持久性有机污染物(persistent organic pollutants, POPs),对人体健康危害极大。近年来,随着PFASs被广泛应用于各个领域,全球范围内的多种介质中都普遍检出该物质。食物中PFASs污染水平的研究,已经成为国家和民众关注的重要课题。本文通过论述近年来国内有关食物中PFASs污染水平研究的进展情况,对国内主要动物源食品(蛋、水产、肉、乳制品等四类)和生活饮用水中PFASs的污染水平进行了分析,比较了不同食品中的PFASs污染特征,采用危害指数评估我国人群通过主要食品带来的PFASs暴露健康风险。  相似文献   

10.
多溴联苯醚(polybrominated diphenyl ethers,PBDEs)是一类新型持久性有机污染物,其具有生物蓄积、长距离迁移和污染持久等特点,引起人们的广泛关注。本文概述PBDEs的特性,总结食品中PBDEs的污染来源主要存在于大气、土壤和水体等环境介质中,剖析PDBEs在饮用水、肉类、蛋类、水产品和蔬菜类等食品中的污染状况,进而从甲状腺、神经系统、肝脏和生殖发育毒性等方面总结PBDEs对人体健康的毒性和危害。在此基础上提出控制食品中PBDEs污染的四个具体措施,包括制定PBDEs处理标准、发展新型溴代阻燃剂、加强PBDEs降解方法研究和完善检测分析方法。最后基于现有研究状况展望了PBDEs未来的研究方向,以期为治理食品中PBDEs的污染提供一定参考。  相似文献   

11.
20世纪40年代以来, 各类有机锡化合物的合成和应用发展迅速, 有机锡的产量也随之不断提高。海洋生物对有机锡有很强的富集能力, 因此在较低浓度下就能引起部分海洋生物累积性中毒或生殖逆向性变化, 对鱼类、甲壳类等水产品都有着显著的影响。本文综述了近年来国内外学者在水产品中有机锡类化合物分析测试方法上的研究进展情况, 包括前处理中的萃取方法与净化方法、检测方法2个方面,进而增加对有机锡类化合物的了解,为今后快速、简便、有效的检测水产品中的有机锡类化合物含量提供科学依据。  相似文献   

12.
In archived samples from the German Environmental Specimen Bank, organotin compounds including tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) as well as their degradation products were quantified. Biota samples from North Sea and Baltic Sea areas were analyzed by gas chromatography/atomic emission detection-coupling after extraction and Grignard or ethylborate derivatization. TBT and TPT were detected in nearly all samples. A decrease of TPT contamination was observed in bladder wrack, common mussels, and eelpout muscle tissues in the period 1985-1999. In this period, TPT concentrations in North Sea mussels decreased from 98 to 7 ng/g (as organotin cation concentration in wet tissue). Concentrations of TBT remained relatively constant with 17 +/- 3 ng/g for mussels from a site with nearby marine traffic and 8 +/- 2 ng/g for a more remote area. The results reflect that TBT is still used as a biocide in antifouling paints whereas the use of TPT as a co-toxicant in such preparations had been ceased in the 1980s. The fact that the use of TBT in antifouling paints was banned in 1991 for small boats within the European Community seems not to have resulted in a decrease of TBT levels in marine biota.  相似文献   

13.
海参肽生物学功能研究进展   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
何丽霞  李勇 《食品科学》2015,36(9):215-218
生物活性肽是指参与机体生命活动的、具有生物活性的肽类分子,其对人类健康的影响已成为研究热点,并由此开发出各种不同生理功能的活性肽。近年来,海参作为一种营养与药用价值极高的海洋棘皮动物,从中提取的活性肽——海参肽的生物学功能逐渐引起人们的重视。但大多研究仅停留海参肽的提取工艺上,有关其功能和应用方面的研究很少。本文以国内外相关报道为基础,对海参肽的生物学功能研究进展进行综述,为进一步研究海参肽对人体健康的影响及机制提供参考。  相似文献   

14.
Biomagnification of organochlorine compounds (pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls) through the marine aquaculture food chain is investigated. From first-feeding, specimens of sea bass were exposed to commercial fish feed (that contained DDTs and PCBs residues) for ca. 24 months, and selected tissues (white and red muscle, liver, and visceral fat) were analyzed after 6 and 24 months of diet exposure. Data obtained showed that experimental fish tissues presented a similar contamination pattern to that of fish feed, and biomagnification processes of these compounds were proved. Additionally, commercial sea bass cultured in farms from the western Mediterranean were analyzed, their organochlorine concentrations being significantly lower than those of the 24 month old experimental fish. Thus, the exposition of human population to OCs through consumption of cultured fish would be lower than expected from experimental biomagnification studies, although red muscle presented similar OC levels in both cases, which were much higher than those of white muscle. Although levels of organochlorine compounds were found to be low, the persistence, ubiquity, and toxicity of these compounds, together with their presence in fish feed, make it necessary to monitor OC residues in the routine quality assurance programs of aquaculture activities, as this food chain is a source of these toxic compounds for human consumers. The development of sensitive analytical methodology based on GC-MS/MS has allowed for the reaching of low detection limits required to carry out the present study.  相似文献   

15.
Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), a disease caused by consuming fish that have accumulated ciguatoxins (CTXs) in their tissue, is regarded as the most prevalent form of intoxication in French Polynesia. Recently, the Australes, one of the least affected archipelago until the early 1980s, has shown a dramatic increase in its incidence rates in 2009 with unusual CFP cases. In the present work, potential health hazards associated with the proliferation of various marine phytoplankton species and the consumption of fish and marine invertebrates highly popular among local population were assessed in three Australes islands: Raivavae, Rurutu and Rapa. Extracts from the marine dinoflagellates Gambierdiscus, Ostreospis and mat-forming cyanobacteria as well as fish, giant clams and sea urchin samples were examined for the presence of CTXs and palytoxin (PLTX) by using the neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a).

Cytotoxic responses observed with both standards (Pacific CTX-3C and PLTX) and targeted marine products indicate that CBA-N2a is a robust screening tool, with high sensitivity and good repeatability and reproducibility. In Rurutu and Raivavae islands, our main findings concern the presence of CTX-like compounds in giant clams and sea urchins, suggesting a second bio-accumulation route for CFP toxins in the ciguatera food chain. In Rapa, the potential CFP risk from Gambierdiscus bloom and fish was confirmed for the first time, with levels of CTXs found above the consumer advisory level of 0.01?ng Pacific CTX-1B?g?1 of flesh in three fish samples. However, despite the presence of trace level of PLTX in Ostreopsis natural assemblages of Rapa, no sign of PLTX accumulation is yet observed in tested fish samples.

Because this multi-toxinic context is likely to emerge in most French Polynesian islands, CBA-N2a shows great potential for future applications in the algal- and toxin-based field monitoring programmes currently on hand locally.  相似文献   

16.
中国食品污染监测体系的研究   总被引:38,自引:9,他引:29       下载免费PDF全文
目的 掌握我国食源性疾病流行及食品污染状况.方法 在"十五"国家重大科技专项的支持下,覆盖16个省(市)、自治区的食品污染监测网和食源性疾病监测网,连续对29类食品中的36种化学污染物、10种食品添加剂、6种食源性致病菌的污染状况进行监测分析,对食源性疾病报告个案信息进行病因和病原的综合分析.结果 我国食品中砷、汞污染状况已基本得到控制,但铅、镉的污染突出,全国鲜奶和皮蛋铅含量平均值超过国家标准;水产品中软体类和猪肾的铅污染水平较高;我国成人,特别是2岁儿童膳食铅摄入量远远超过世界卫生组织规定的耐受摄入量.7种添加剂存在过量添加问题,危险性评估结果表明我国的食品添加剂卫生使用标准规定的限量是安全的.我国出口的天然发酵酱油中氯丙醇含量符合我国行业标准和欧盟标准,但国内个别地区市场的酱油氯丙醇污染水平较高.部分食品存在高毒农药(甲胺磷、对硫磷、甲基对硫磷)违规使用的现象,茶叶污染菊酯类农药和有机氯类农药严重.国家食源性疾病监测网个案报告的资料分析表明,微生物性病原占46.4%,其次为化学物(占24.1%)和有毒动植物(14.7%).食源性疾病发生场所以公共餐饮单位、食堂为主.食源性致病菌(沙门菌、副溶血性弧菌、单增李斯特菌、大肠杆菌O157:H7、空肠弯曲菌及阪崎肠杆菌)的监测分析发现,生肉类、水产类食品的病原菌分离率最高.在数百个沙门菌分离株中,20%以上对至少3种以上的抗生素耐药,并发现了对8类15种抗生素耐药的鼠伤寒沙门菌株,其耐药谱与国外暴发流行的超级耐药鼠伤寒沙门菌DT104接近.结论 该研究为控制我国食品中主要化学性和微生物性危害的污染及其对人群健康的影响,为制修订食品卫生法规和标准提供了重要科学依据.  相似文献   

17.
Once released to the environment, pesticides may be degraded by abiotic and biotic processes. While parent compounds are assessed in detail in many regulatory schemes, the requirements for the assessment of transformation products are less well developed. This study was therefore performed to explore the relationships between the toxicity of transformation products and their parent compounds and to develop a pragmatic approach for use in the risk assessment of transformation products. Data were obtained on the properties and ecotoxicity of transformation products arising from a wide range of pesticides. Generally, transformation products were less toxic to fish, daphnids, and algae than their parent compound. In instances where a product was more toxic, the increase in toxicity could be explained by either (1) the presence of a pesticide toxicophore; (2) the fact that the product is the active part of a propesticide; (3) the product is accumulated to a greater extent than the parent compound; or (4) the product has a more potent mode of action than the parent. On the basis of the findings, an approach has been proposed to estimate the ecotoxicity of transformation products based on chemical structure and data on the toxicity of the parent compound. The assessments can be performed at an early stage in the risk assessment process to identify those substances that require further testing.  相似文献   

18.
Assessment of organometal pollution requires an understanding of the various processes that influence the bioavailability and toxicity of the contaminant. Organotins may exist as both cationic species and neutral hydroxides in aqueous solution, with the formation of chloride species in the presence of Cl-. Although these species have different chemical properties, there is very little information on the influence of speciation on organotin and microbial cell interactions. Tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) interactions with the yeast Candida maltosa were investigated between pH 3.5 and 7.5 and in up to 0.5 M NaCl at pH 5.5. Toxicity increased with both pH and NaCl concentration and the mechanisms of interaction depended on the species present in solution. TBT and TPT interacted by different mechanisms, as evidenced by action on membrane fluidity. Furthermore, there was a strong correlation between toxicity and overall octanol-water distribution ratio (D(OW)) of organotin compounds. Triorganotin cations are less toxic than triorganotin hydroxides, which are in turn less toxic than triorganotin chlorides. These findings underline the importance of speciation effects on organotin interactions in the environment.  相似文献   

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