Molecular Detection of a Histamine Former, Morganella morganii, in Albacore, Mackerel, Sardine, and a Processing Plant

ABSTRACT: Testing for Morganella morganii , a prolific histamine former, was carried out in fish and processing plant to determine its origin and contamination source using PCR assay coupled with Southern hybridization. M. morganii was mostly found in mackerel and sardines but rarely in albacore. It was most frequently present in the gill followed by the skin but rarely in the intestine and cavity. No M. morganii was found in the processing plant but was detected on the surfaces of conveyer belts and plastic totes during processing. The compiled results indicated that histamine-forming bacteria are endogenous to fish and pointed out the importance of sanitation in the processing plant to prevent cross-contamination.     

Identification of a new tadalafil analogue,dipropylaminopretadalafil, in a dietary supplement

A novel tadalafil analogue in a dietary supplement was found by drug-adulteration screening and isolated by column chromatography and HPLC. Based on extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR and mass spectral analyses, the structure of this new compound was determined as 2-(N,N-dipropyl acetyl) 3-methyl 1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3,4-dihydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole-3-carboxylate – its common name is dipropylaminopretadalafil.     

Identification of a new sildenafil analogue adulterant,desethylcarbodenafil, in a herbal supplement

In a maca-containing herbal supplement claimed to remedy erectile dysfunction, a new sildenafil analogue was found using adulterant screening with TLC, GC-MS and LC-MS/MS. This compound was isolated by column chromatography and HPLC, and identified by extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR and mass spectral analyses. The structure of this new compound was established as 5-[2-ethoxy-5-(piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl]-1-methyl-3-propyl-1,6-dihydro-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one, and was named desethylcarbodenafil.     

风靡夜店的野格,比你想象的要更野

野格(Jagermeister),一款来自德国的草药利口酒,在2019年随着短视频平台的大热而走入消费者的眼球。这款尝起来跟止咳糖浆一样的利口酒,最开始居然真的是一款止咳糖浆?在野格大火的背后,原来还有这些好玩的故事。     

山中之药

“秋夜渐长饥作祟，一杯山药进琼靡。”这是南宋大诗人陆游对山药的评价。山药是一种古老的植物，很早就开始被食用，最初它的名字叫做薯蓣，到了唐朝时，代宗的名字是“预”，为了避其名讳，改名为“薯药”；而到宋英宗，又因为其名“署”，再次避讳，薯药变成山药。[编者按]     

肉制品行业伤不起！——“瘦肉精”，一个行业的诱惑？

2011年春天，国务院办公厅印发《2011年食品安全重点工作安排》的通知。《工作安排》强调．地方各级政府要加强统一领导、组织和协调，切实抓好本行政区域的食品安全工作。通知明确指出，要突出抓好重点品种的综合治理．重点品种罗列了六大类。包括乳制品类，食用油类，保健食品类，鲜肉和肉制品类，食品添加剂类及其白酒类。     

Cloning of oleosin, a putative new hazelnut allergen, using a hazelnut cDNA library

The clinical presentation of non-pollen related allergy to hazelnut can be severe and systemic. So far, only a limited number of non-pollen related hazelnut allergens have been identified and characterized. The aim of this study was to identify and clone new hazelnut allergens. A lambda ZAP cDNA library of hazelnut was constructed. The library was screened with serum of six hazelnut allergic patients displaying different IgE-binding patterns on hazelnut immunoblot. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) protocols were applied to obtain full-length clones. Expression experiments were carried out in Eschericchia coli. Expression was monitored by SDS-PAGE, protein staining and immunoblotting. A hazelnut cDNA library was constructed. IgE screening resulted in the cloning of two isoforms of a novel putative hazelnut allergen. The clones were identified as oleosins, with theoretical molecular masses of 16.7 and 14.7 kDa and pI of 10.5 and 10.0, respectively. The isoforms demonstrated only 37% amino acid sequence identity but contained the typical hydrophobic stretch in the middle of the protein (53% identity) with the characteristic oleosin proline knot region (11/12 amino acids identical). Expression in E. coli of the longer isoform resulted in a clear band on SDS-PAGE. The expressed protein was recognized on an immunodot blot by IgE from serum that was used for screening the cDNA library. Hazelnut contains multiple isoforms of oleosin. IgE binding of a hazelnut-allergic patient to a recombinant version suggest that hazelnut oleosin is an allergen, as has been described for peanut and sesame.     

Tea,Kombucha, and health: a review

Kombucha is a refreshing beverage obtained by the fermentation of sugared tea with a symbiotic culture of acetic bacteria and fungi, consumed for its beneficial effects on human health. Research conducted in Russia at the beginning of the century and testimony indicate that Kombucha can improve resistance against cancer, prevent cardiovascular diseases, promote digestive functions, stimulate the immune system, reduce inflammatory problems, and can have many other benefits. In this paper, we report on studies that shed more light on the properties of some constituents of Kombucha. The intensive research about the effects of tea on health provide a good starting point and are summarized to get a better understanding of the complex mechanisms that could be implicated in the physiological activity of both beverages.     

Aflatoxins in pozol, a nixtamalized, maize-based food

To determine whether pozol, a nixtamalized maize-based food was contaminated with aflatoxins, samples of non-fermented pozol were collected during the period November 2002 to April 2003 from local markets at Comitan in Chiapas, Mexico. The samples were analyzed for the presence of aflatoxins. Nineteen out of one hundred and eleven samples were contaminated with aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) and traces of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The percentage of samples contaminated with AFB2 in pozol prepared with white maize was 5.4%. Pozol mixed with toasted cacao paste had a contamination rate of 41.5%. No aflatoxins were detected in pozol prepared with yellow maize. It was found that only 1 of 19 contaminated samples had aflatoxin concentrations above 20 ppb.     

Emerging fusarium-mycotoxins fusaproliferin, beauvericin, enniatins, and moniliformin: a review

The contamination of foods and feed with mycotoxins is a commonly known problem. Intense investigations have been conducted to study the occurrence, toxicity, and recently also the prevention and detoxification strategies of mycotoxins in human and animal food chains. Most of the studies have emphasized on "traditional" mycotoxins, such as aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and trichothecenes. However, one of the most common grain-contaminating genus of fungi, Fusarium spp., is also capable of producing other toxic secondary metabolites - the so-called emerging mycotoxins such as fusaproliferin, beauvericin, enniatins, and moniliformin. So far, only limited data is available on these metabolites. This is not only due to their late recognition but especially the late understanding of their role as mycotoxins. This paper summarizes the existing data on the chemistry, analytical techniques, biosynthesis, production, toxicity, and occurrence data on fusaproliferin, beauvericin, enniatins, and moniliformin. Based on the available studies, attention should be paid to the studies on the distinct significance of these compounds in the human and animal food chains.     

桦褐孔菌多糖IOP3a的分离纯化及其体外抗肿瘤活性研究

采用水浴浸提,Sevage 法去除蛋白分离得到粗多糖,DEAE-SepharoseCL-6B 离子交换柱、SepharoseCL-6B和Sephadex G-200 凝胶柱层析得到桦褐孔菌均一纯多糖IOP3a,用MTT 法研究IOP3a 对Jurkat、Daudi 肿瘤细胞体外抑制作用。结果表明：IOP3a 对肿瘤细胞Jurkat 和Daudi 的增殖具有明显的体外抑制作用(P ＜ 0.01),并且具有量效依赖性,其最大抑制率分别达到71.84% 和75.14%。     

乳铁传递蛋白:功能卓越的乳生物活性蛋白

乳铁蛋白是一种铁结合的糖蛋白,是具有多种生物功能的乳生物活性蛋白,具有非常重要的科学研究价值.在过去的二十年中,乳铁蛋白的各种生物功能已被深入研究和报道.从最初发现的抗微生物活性,到调节铁的吸收与代谢、免疫调节、促进细胞增长等其他功能,增强宿主的防御能力.乳铁蛋白可以作为预防和治疗人类多种疾病的药物在防止感染和抵抗病毒,抑制肿瘤发生与转移等方面发挥作用.本文概括了乳铁蛋白在抗菌、抗氧化,免疫调节,抗癌等方面的生物功能以及作用机理.     

DairyWise, a whole-farm dairy model

A whole-farm dairy model was developed and evaluated. The DairyWise model is an empirical model that simulated technical, environmental, and financial processes on a dairy farm. The central component is the FeedSupply model that balanced the herd requirements, as generated by the DairyHerd model, and the supply of homegrown feeds, as generated by the crop models for grassland and corn silage. The output of the FeedSupply model was used as input for several technical, environmental, and economic submodels. The submodels simulated a range of farm aspects such as nitrogen and phosphorus cycling, nitrate leaching, ammonia emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, energy use, and a financial farm budget. The final output was a farm plan describing all material and nutrient flows and the consequences on the environment and economy. Evaluation of DairyWise was performed with 2 data sets consisting of 29 dairy farms. The evaluation showed that DairyWise was able to simulate gross margin, concentrate intake, nitrogen surplus, nitrate concentration in ground water, and crop yields. The variance accounted for ranged from 37 to 84%, and the mean differences between modeled and observed values varied between −5 to +3% per set of farms. We conclude that DairyWise is a powerful tool for integrated scenario development and evaluation for scientists, policy makers, extension workers, teachers and farmers.     

N-stearoyl-D,L-methionine,a protected methionine source for ruminants

The effect of intraruminal doses (16.8, 33.5 and 50.3 mmol day^?1) of D.L-methionine, methionine hydroxy analogue (2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid calcium salt) and N-stearoyl-D, L-methionine on the flow of methionine (free and protein bound) and its derivatives into the proximal duodenum of the sheep was investigated. Methionine hydroxy analogue was assayed using the reaction of the S-methyl group with nitroprusside after ion exchange chromatography. On the basal diet the daily flow of methipnine was 20.5 mmol and with the 16.8 mmol treatment N-stearoyl methionine, methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue, values of 29.4, 22.1 and 22.5 mmol, total methionine or its equivalent were obtained respectively. With the 33.5 treatment the corresponding flows were 39.6, 22.4 and 22.5 mmol day^?1. During the 50.3 mmol treatments complete feed refusal, probably due to methionine toxicity was noted with N-stearoyl-D,L-methionine while with methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue the total flow of methionine equivalents was only 20.5 mmol day^?1. Thus, N-stearoyl-D,L-methionine was the only material to increase the flow of methionine or its equivalent to the duodenum.     

Isolation and characterization of a Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriophage,phiJL-1, from a cucumber fermentation

A virulent Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriophage, PhiJL-1, was isolated from a commercial cucumber fermentation. The phage was specific for two related strains of L. plantarum, BI7 and its mutant (deficient in malolactate fermenting ability) MU45, which have been evaluated as starter cultures for controlled cucumber fermentation and as biocontrol microorganisms for minimally processed vegetable products. The phage genome of PhiJL-1 was sequenced to reveal a linear, double-stranded DNA (36.7 kbp). Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profiles indicated that PhiJL-1 contains six structural proteins (28, 34, 45, 50, 61, and 76 kDa). Electron microscopy revealed that the phage has an isometric head (59 nm in diameter), a long non-contractile tail (182 nm in length and 11 nm in width), and a complex base plate. The phage belongs to the Bradley group B1 or Siphoviridae family. One-step growth kinetics of the phage showed that the latent period was 35 min, the rise period was 40 min, and the average burst size was 22 phage particles/infected cell. Phage particles (90%) adsorbed to the host cells 20 min after infection. Calcium supplementation (up to 30 mM CaCl(2)) in MRS media did not affect the first cycle of phage adsorption, but promoted rapid phage propagation and cell lysis in the infection cycle subsequent to adsorption. The D values of PhiJL-1 at pH 6.5 were estimated to be 2.7 min at 70 degrees C and 0.2 min at 80 degrees C by a thermal inactivation experiment. Knowledge of the properties of L. plantarum bacteriophage PhiJL-1 may be important for the development of controlled vegetable fermentations.     

Presence of a glycan at a potential N-glycosylation site, Asn-281, of bovine lactoferrin

This work was performed to clarify the differences in glycan moieties between multiple molecular mass forms of bovine lactoferrins (bovine lactoferrins-a and -b). After digestion of both bovine lactoferrins with cyanogen bromide and V8 protease, glycopeptides were successively purified by concavalin A affinity chromatography and HPLC on an octadecylsilyl column. Four glycopeptides glycosylated at Asn-233, -368, -476, and -545 were obtained from both hydrolysates of bovine lactoferrins-a and -b. On the other hand, a glycopeptide glycosylated at Asn-281 was only detected in hydrolysate of bovine lactoferrin-a, indicating that bovine lactoferrin-a possessed five N-glycosylated sites. The glycan linked to Asn-281 of bovine lactoferrin-a was found to consist of fucose, galactose, and N-acetylgalactosamine in addition to mannose and N-acetylglucosamine. HPLC analysis of this glycan on a normal phase column showed that peaks of several glycans were detected. These glycans changed to one major glycan consisting of only mannose and N-acetylglucosamine on exoglycosidase digestion. From these results, this glycan seemed to be of the complex type and possess heterogeneous structure.     

包装—数码印刷的机遇

包装是您推行数码印刷战略的一部分吗？如果不是应该把它加进来。对于采用数字化技术的印刷企业而言包装是一个巨大的机会。     

紧密纺原理及经济性的分析

紧密纺纱线性能优良，不但能节约后续加工的费用，而且紧密纺纱线的优良特性为开发纺织新产品提供了有利条件。     

侠商刘大伟:行业责任的守望者

行业即"江湖",但巨贾却并非一定是侠商。从销售额上说,重庆精益高登眼镜连锁有限公司在行业中并非翘楚,但在圈内,董事长刘大伟却是当仁不然的大佬级人物:人脉广,胸襟宽,重义气,好打抱不平,对行业不正之风嫉恶如仇,在很多场合中都镇得住场子。现在国内当红这一拨的眼镜老板不少都是他带入行的小兄