几种抗氧化剂对核桃油抗氧化性能的研究

用schhal烘箱法研究了几种不同的抗氧化剂及增效剂对核桃油的抗氧化性能，结果表明：特丁基对苯二酚（TBHQ）的抗氧化性能最好，抗坏血酸和柠檬酸均是TBHQ和BHT（2，6－二叔丁基对－甲酚）的良好增效剂，二者都能显著提高TBHQ和BHT的抗氧化性能，选用TBHQ和柠檬酸复合，TBHQ与抗坏血酸复合作为核油的抗氧化剂，可使核桃油在20℃下的贮藏时间从1．9个月分别延到19．9个月和25．9个月。研究结果还表明效果较好的抗氧化剂与效果较差的抗氧化剂复合时具有牵制作用。     

复配抗氧化剂在牡丹籽油乳液中的抗氧化作用研究

为提高牡丹籽油乳液的氧化稳定性，将叔丁基对苯二酚（TBHQ）与天然抗氧化剂（生育酚、抗坏血酸）进行复配，测定不同抗氧化剂对牡丹籽油乳液的抗氧化作用，并分析了不同复配抗氧化剂的相互作用机制。结果表明：在贮藏30 d时，添加和未添加抗氧化剂牡丹籽油乳液的粒径相较于0 d 均略有增加，200 mg/kg TBHQ与800 mg/kg抗坏血酸复配时乳液的Zeta电位绝对值最大，且抗氧化作用最强；TBHQ与抗坏血酸表现出较好的协同抗氧化作用，与生育酚表现出拮抗作用；TBHQ与生育酚之间拮抗作用的原因主要是TBHQ减少了生育酚在牡丹籽油乳液中油水界面的含量，而TBHQ与抗坏血酸之间协同作用主要是由于抗坏血酸增加了TBHQ在牡丹籽油乳液中油水界面的含量。综上，TBHQ与抗坏血酸复配能提高牡丹籽油乳液的氧化稳定性。     

二氢杨梅素在猕猴桃籽油中的抗氧化性研究

以过氧化值(POV值)为指标,研究了二氢杨梅素对猕猴桃籽油的抗氧化性能。结果表明:二氢杨梅素对猕猴桃籽油具有较强的抗氧化作用,且具有剂量效应关系,即随着二氢杨梅素浓度的增大,抗氧化作用增强;抗坏血酸、柠檬酸、多聚磷酸钠、乙二胺四乙酸二钠对二氢杨梅素的抗氧化作用具有增效作用,乙二胺四乙酸二钠为最适增效剂;0.2μg/mL的二氢杨梅素对猕猴桃籽油的抗氧化作用强于同浓度的BHT和茶多酚。二氢杨梅素作为天然抗氧化剂可以有效地减缓猕猴桃籽油的氧化程度、推迟氧化诱导期,从而延长猕猴桃籽油的保质期。     

不同方法提取的光皮梾木籽油氧化稳定性研究

研究水酶法、微波辅助萃取法和超临界CO2萃取法提取的光皮梾木籽油的自氧化程度随温度、时间的变化关系,以及抗氧化剂对光皮梾木籽油抗氧化效果。结果表明:超临界CO2萃取法提取的光皮梾木籽油在储藏过程中更易被氧化;在抗氧化剂添加量都为0.02%时,3种抗氧化剂对超临界CO2萃取法提取的光皮梾木籽油抗氧化作用的大小顺序为特丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)维生素E丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA);柠檬酸和抗坏血酸都对抗氧化剂TBHQ表现出一定的抗氧化协同作用,且柠檬酸的协同效果优于抗坏血酸。添加0.02%TBHQ+0.01%柠檬酸能有效抑制该油在保存和销售过程中因氧化而产生的酸败,可使籽油在20℃下的预期贮藏时间由2个月延长到10个月。     

冷榨文冠果籽油的氧化稳定性研究

文冠果是中国特有的油料、能源植物,文冠果籽油富含不饱和脂肪酸,营养价值极高.采用Sehaal 烘箱加速法,以叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)、没食子酸丙酯(PG)、生育酚(VE)为抗氧化剂,抗坏血酸(VC)和柠檬酸(CA)为增效剂,过氧化值(POV)为试验指标,研究了光线、温度等对冷榨文冠果籽油抗氧化性能的影响.结果表明,光线、温度对文冠果籽油的氧化过程均有影响,且温度影响显著;TBHQ 对文冠果籽油具有良好的抗氧化效果,VC和 CA 具有协同增效作用,PG、VE无显著作用.     

常用抗氧化剂及增效剂对苹果籽油氧化稳定性的比较

实验采用Schaal烘箱法,以过氧化值(POV)为指标,研究抗氧化剂TBHQ、茶多酚和BHA及不同浓度的增效剂植酸与柠檬酸对苹果籽油氧化稳定性的影响,结果表明,对苹果籽油的抗氧化效果依次为TBHQ茶多酚BHA,TBHQ为最佳,是茶多酚的1.6倍,BHA的2.4倍;增效剂植酸、柠檬酸对各抗氧化剂均有显著的协同增效作用,对TBHQ的作用尤其明显。     

汉麻籽油自氧化及抗氧化性能的研究

采用Schaal烘箱法,以过氧化值（POV）为指标,研究温度、时间对汉麻籽油自氧化过程的影响及添加抗氧化剂对汉麻籽油抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明,温度、时间对汉麻籽油的自氧化过程有显著影响,且温度的影响更明显;叔丁基对苯二酚（TBHQ）对汉麻籽油具有较好的抗氧化性能,柠檬酸和异VC对TBHQ与丁基羟基茴香醚（BHA）复配的复合抗氧化剂均表现出较强的协同抗氧化性能,且柠檬酸的协同抗氧化性优于异VC;添加0．02％TBHQ＋0．005％BHA＋0．01％柠檬酸或0．02％TBHQ＋0．005％BHA＋0．01％异VC复合抗氧化剂,可使汉麻籽油在20℃下的预贮藏时间从4个月延长至11～13个月。     

几种天然抗氧化剂对牡丹籽油氧化稳定性的影响

以超临界CO2萃取的牡丹籽油为研究对象,采用schaal烘箱法,以过氧化值(POV)和硫代巴比妥酸值(TBA)为评价指标,考察茶多酚(TP)、二氢杨梅素(DMY)、迷迭香、V E4种天然抗氧化剂及2种增效剂(抗坏血酸V C和柠檬酸CA)对牡丹籽油氧化稳定性的影响。结果表明:在牡丹籽油体系中,0.02%茶多酚(TP)、0.02%二氢杨梅素(DMY)抗氧化效果较为理想;柠檬酸(CA)和抗坏血酸(V C)是TP及TP+DMY复合抗氧化剂的良好增效剂,协同抗氧化作用显著,且V C的效果优于CA;添加0.01%TP+0.01%DMY+0.01%V C复合抗氧化剂能显著减缓牡丹籽油的氧化速度,可使牡丹籽油在20℃时的预期储存时间由1.4个月延至12个月。     

树莓籽油的自氧化及几种抗氧化剂对其抗氧化性能影响的研究

以过氧化值(POV)为评价指标,研究了温度、时间对树莓籽油自氧化过程的影响及添加抗氧化剂对树莓籽油抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:温度、时间对树莓籽油的自氧化过程有显著影响,且温度影响更显著;叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)和原花青素对树莓籽油的氧化有较好的抑制作用,抗坏血酸(V C)和柠檬酸对原花青素均表现出较强的协同抗氧化效应,且V C的协同抗氧化性优于柠檬酸。使用0.02%原花青素+0.02%V C可使树莓籽油在20℃的货架寿命由2~3个月延长到16~17个月。     

核桃油自氧化及其抗氧化的实验研究

以过氧化值(P0V)为指标研究了温度、时间对核桃油自氧化过程的影响及添加抗氧化剂对核桃油抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明,温度、时间对核桃油的氧化过程有高度显著的影响。TBHQ对核桃油具有较好的抗氧化性能,抗坏血酸和柠檬酸对TBHQ均表现出较强的协同抗氧化效应,且抗坏血酸的协同抗氧化性优于柠檬酸。使用0.015％TBHQ+0.01％柠檬酸或0.015％TBHQ+0.01％抗坏血酸为核桃油的抗氧化剂,可使核桃油在15℃下的贮藏期从2.9个月分别延长至29.8个月和38.9个月。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.