石榴皮提取物体外抗氧化活性比较研究

研究石榴皮提取物的体外抗氧化作用。采用羟自由基(.OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(.O2-)、2,2-二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH.)的生成体系,研究石榴皮提取物及绿茶多酚、没食子酸为对照,对自由基的清除能力和对小鼠肝组织匀浆脂质过氧化抑制作用。结果表明:石榴皮提取物对羟自由基、超氧阴离子、DPPH.的半清除率分别为I:C50=71.37 mg/mL、SC50=557.55 mg/mL、DC50=31.98 mg/mL;没食子酸对这3种自由基的半清除率分别为I:C50=51.85 mg/mL、SC50=289.2 mg/mL、DC50=37.65 mg/mL;绿茶多酚对这3种自由基的半清除率分别为:IC50=66.67 mg/mL、SC50=1043.91 mg/mL、DC50=22.48 mg/mL。石榴皮提取物对小鼠肝组织匀浆的脂质过氧化半抑制率EC50=5.21 mg/mL、没食子酸半抑制率EC50=22.82 mg/mL、绿茶多酚半抑制率EC50=3.47 mg/mL。研究表明石榴皮提取物较没食子酸和绿茶多酚具有良好的清除自由基及抑制脂质过氧化的能力。石榴皮提取物能有效清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、DPPH.自由基,抑制脂质过氧化作用,具有进一步研究和开发价值。     

核桃蛋白肽的抗氧化活性研究

以VC为对照,研究了分子质量小于3000u的核桃蛋白肽混合物的还原能力、羟自由基清除能力、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力以及二苯代苦味酰基自由基清除能力。结果显示,随着核桃蛋白肽浓度的增加,其还原能力、羟自由基的清除能力和超氧阴离子清除能力增大,在浓度为30mg/mL时,核桃蛋白肽还原能力达到VC的57.1%;在浓度为50mg/mL时,核桃蛋白肽对羟自由基(OH.)的清除率分别69.1%,对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率达到了85%。而对二苯代苦味酰基自由基清除能力则是先增大后变小,在20mg/mL时达到最大值66%。核桃蛋白肽的分子质量分布主要有2大区域,蛋白肽氨基酸含量达到89.74%。     

竹叶黄酮的抗氧化活性研究

为了有效利用竹叶中黄酮类物质,研究采用不同的方法(DPPH法、邻苯三酚自氧化法(325nm)和Fenton法)评价了竹叶黄酮的抗氧化活性,以Vc和茶多酚为阳性对照品。结果表明:竹叶黄酮清除超氧负离子自由基和DPPH自由基的能力比茶多酚强,其EC50相应为11.7μg/mL和18.3μg/mL,分别是Vc的约1.2倍和3.4倍;竹叶黄酮在清除羟自由基效果与茶多酚相当,EC50为0.58mg/mL,比Vc效果好。因此竹叶黄酮具有很强的抗氧化能力,值得深入研究其生理功能及开发利用价值。     

巴拉圭茶多酚体外抗氧化性能研究

通过与茶多酚（TP）、绿原酸（CA）的对比试验,研究巴拉圭茶多酚（IPP）的抗氧化能力。采用羟自由基（·OH）、二苯代苦味酰自由基（DPPH）、超氧阴离子自由基（O2^-·）的清除率测定法及TBA法评价IPP清除自由基和阻止亚油酸过氧化的能力。结果表明：IPP对·OH的清除效果良好（IC50=0．021mg／mL）;对DPPH清除能力（IC50=0．0098mg／mL）强于CA弱于TP;对O2^-·的清除能力（IC50=0．033mg／mL）强于CA稍弱于TP;对亚油酸也有很好的抗氧化作用。体外试验证明：IPP具有较强的抗氧化能力。     

蜜柚叶黄酮的提取及其抗氧化与降尿酸活性研究

研究蜜柚叶总黄酮的提取工艺、抗氧化活性及其对黄嘌呤氧化酶的抑制活性。采用正交实验对蜜柚叶黄酮的提取工艺进行优化,探究蜜柚叶黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件。并通过DPPH自由基、羟自由基及超氧阴离子清除实验探究蜜柚叶黄酮对自由基离子的清除活性;通过黄嘌呤氧化酶活性抑制实验初步判断其降尿酸功效。结果表明:蜜柚叶黄酮的最佳提取条件为料液比1:30(g/mL)、乙醇浓度80%、浸提时间6 h、浸提温度80℃,黄酮得率为12.41 mg/g。蜜柚叶黄酮对DPPH自由基、羟自由基及超氧阴离子均表现出较强的清除活性,IC50值分别为:1.47、1.04、1.49 mg/mL。同时,蜜柚叶黄酮对黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制活性的IC_(50)值为4.8 mg/mL。     

苦荞麸皮黄酮纯品与粗品抗氧化活性的比较研究

利用对邻苯三酚自氧化体系产生的超氧阴离子自由基(O2-·)的清除作用、Fenton反应检测对羟基自由基(·OH)的清除作用、对烷基自由基引发的亚油酸氧化体系的抑制作用,以及自身的还原性能对苦荞麸皮黄酮抗氧化活性进行了研究.结果表明,苦荞麸皮黄酮对超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基具有不同程度的清除作用,对烷基自由基引发的亚油酸氧化体系也有显著的抑制作用,同时具有较好的还原性.研究发现,纯化后的苦荞麸皮黄酮的抗氧化能力要明显强于苦荞麸皮黄酮粗品.     

仁用杏果醋的抗氧化性研究

利用分光光度法测定了仁用杏果醋、苹果醋、柿子醋对二苯代苦味酰基(DPPH.)自由基清除率和总抗氧化能力,结果发现,仁用杏果醋对二苯代苦味酰基自由基(DPPH.)有较强的清除能力,清除率为92.98%(DPPH.乙醇溶液2×10-4mol/L;醋50μL),体外总抗氧化能力为140.97mg/mL样品,均高于柿子醋和苹果醋。     

柞蚕雄蛾黄酮的提取及其体外抗氧化活性分析

研究柞蚕雄蛾黄酮提取工艺及其体外抗氧化作用,采用超声波乙醇提取柞蚕雄蛾黄酮,利用紫外-可见吸收光谱对其进行鉴定,采用正交试验设计优选柞蚕雄蛾黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件。从还原能力以及清除1,1-二苯基苦基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基、羟自由基（·OH）、超氧阴离子自由基（O2－·）效果来考察柞蚕雄蛾黄酮的体外抗氧化能力。得到最佳工艺条件为：乙醇体积分数60%、料液比1∶40（g/mL）、提取时间45 min、提取温度70 ℃,在此条件下进行验证实验,柞蚕雄蛾黄酮的一次提取量可达3.72 mg/g。柞蚕雄蛾黄酮对自由基的清除能力较强,均呈现出量效关系,其清除DPPH自由基、·OH、O2－·的IC50值分别为752.4、617.8、813.4 μg/mL,其中清除·OH能力要强于VC和2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚,清除O2－·能力大于2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯
酚。表明柞蚕雄蛾黄酮具有较强的体外抗氧化活性。     

酶-超声辅助提取苦荞秆中总黄酮及抗氧化活性研究

以秦巴山区苦荞秆为原料,通过单因素结合正交试验研究了纤维素酶-超声辅助提取苦荞秆中总黄酮的工艺条件,并考察其对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和ABTS自由基正离子的清除活性及还原能力。结果表明,苦荞杆总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为：纤维素酶10 mg/g,乙醇体积分数40%,超声温度40 ℃,超声时间30 min,料液比为1∶40（g∶mL）,该条件下总黄酮的得率为2.30%,苦荞秆总黄酮对羟基自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和ABTS自由基正离子的半抑制浓度IC50值分别为0.18 mg/mL、0.24 mg/mL和2.24 μg/mL,强于同浓度条件下天然抗氧化剂维生素C。     

苦荞黄酮的纯化及抗氧化活性的研究

利用AB-8大孔吸附树脂对苦荞黄酮提取物样品进行纯化,利用薄层色谱分析了纯化前后苦荞黄酮的成分变化,并以维生素C为参照,比较了纯化前后苦荞黄酮对O2-·和DPPH·体外清除能力。试验结果表明:经过AB-8纯化后,苦荞黄酮提取物2中黄酮的含量由78.42%提高到98.73%,纯化后主要成分为芦丁;其清除O2-·的半数清除浓度IC50由0.099 mg/mL升高到0.123 mg/mL,纯化后清除能力反而降低;清除DPPH·的IC50由0.273 mg/mL降低到0.185 mg/mL,清除能力有所提高。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.