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Larry Keener Sophia M Nicholson‐Keener Tatiana Koutchma 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2014,94(10):1947-1953
Trade in food and food ingredients among the nations of the world is rapidly expanding and, with this expansion, new supply chain partners, from globally disparate geographic regions, are being enrolled. Food and food ingredients are progressively sourced more from lesser developed nations. Food safety incidents in the USA and Canada show a high unfavorable correlation between illness outbreaks and imported foods. In the USA, for example, foodborne disease outbreaks caused by imported food appeared to rise in 2009 and 2010, and nearly half of the outbreaks, associated with imported food, implicated foods imported from areas which previously had not been associated with outbreaks. Projecting supply chains into new geographical regions raises serious questions about the capacity of the new supply chain partners to provide the requisite regulatory framework and sufficiently robust public health measures for ensuring the safety of the foods and foodstuffs offered for international trade. The laws, regulation and legislation among the many nations participating in the global food trade are, at best, inconsistent. These inconsistencies frequently give rise to trade disputes and cause large quantities of food to be at risk of destruction on the often dubious pretext that they are not safe. Food safety is often viewed through a political or normative lens. Often as not, this lens has been wrought absent scientific precision. Harmonization of food safety legislation around sound scientific principles, as advocated by the US Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), would ultimately promote trade and likely provide for incremental improvement in public health. Among the priority roles of most national governments are the advancement of commerce and trade, preservation of public health and ensuring domestic tranquility. Achieving these priorities is fundamental to creating and preserving the wealth of nations. Countries such as the Netherlands, Canada, Germany, Japan and the USA, for example, have very stable governments, are leaders in trade and commerce and enjoy high standards of public health. It is not by accident or coincidence that these nations are also among the world's wealthiest. Attainment of national priorities, especially those related to promoting trade in foodstuffs and also in preserving public health (food safety), would benefit greatly from international efforts in harmonizing food safety regulations and legislation. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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A. Trmčić R. Ralyea L. Meunier-Goddik C. Donnelly K. Glass D. D’Amico E. Meredith M. Kehler N. Tranchina C. McCue M. Wiedmann 《Journal of dairy science》2017,100(1):841-847
Development of science-based interventions in raw milk cheese production is challenging due to the large diversity of production procedures and final products. Without an agreed upon categorization scheme, science-based food safety evaluations and validation of preventive controls would have to be completed separately on each individual cheese product, which is not feasible considering the large diversity of products and the typically small scale of production. Thus, a need exists to systematically group raw milk cheeses into logically agreed upon categories to be used for food safety evaluations. This paper proposes and outlines one such categorization scheme that provides for 30 general categories of cheese. As a base for this systematization and categorization of raw milk cheese, we used Table B of the US Food and Drug Administration’s 2013 Food Code, which represents the interaction of pH and water activity for control of vegetative cells and spores in non-heat-treated food. Building on this table, we defined a set of more granular pH and water activity categories to better represent the pH and water activity range of different raw milk cheeses. The resulting categorization scheme was effectively validated using pH and water activity values determined for 273 different cheese samples collected in the marketplace throughout New York State, indicating the distribution of commercially available cheeses among the categories proposed here. This consensus categorization of cheese provides a foundation for a feasible approach to developing science-based solutions to assure compliance of the cheese processors with food safety regulations, such as those required by the US Food Safety Modernization Act. The key purpose of the cheese categorization proposed here is to facilitate product assessment for food safety risks and provide scientifically validated guidance on effective interventions for general cheese categories. Once preventive controls for a given category have been defined, these categories would represent safe havens for cheesemakers, which would allow cheesemakers to safely and legally produce raw milk cheeses that meet appropriate science-based safety requirements (e.g., risk to human health equivalent to pasteurized milk cheeses). 相似文献
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International food trade facilitates transport of either fresh food or traditional products worldwide. This facilitates availability of foodstuff, and enables migration of unsafe food. The most common food safety risk are foodborne pathogens, since they are ubiquitous and can cause epidemic spread. European Union and USA markets are the most dynamic in the world, so it was necessary to obtain satisfactory regulations at national and international level. Official number of foodborne outbreaks in 2013 are 5196 for Europe and 818 for the US. FSMA is the latest US policy change in approaching to Europe practice of preventing rather than reparing. 相似文献
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美国是我食品的主要出口地区,近年来出口贸易额保持快速增长的态势。但随着美国《食品安全现代化法案》以及配套法规的出台实施,特别是第三方认证机构审核机制的出台,对我输美食品企业在生产环境、投入品使用、包装和供应商审核等方面提出更高的要求,不仅加重了相关企业的负担,同时也可能对我现行出口食品检验监管制度与体制造成冲击。本文通过分析该法规的适用范围、主要参与主体、法规的主要内容及要求,研究该法规对我国第三方认证市场、输美企业以及对我国出口食品质量提升等方面造成的影响,提出加强沟通合作促进体系对接、学习借鉴相关理念和制度设计等对策措施,并对提高我国出口食品质量和完善我国进出口食品安全监管体系提供一定参考。 相似文献
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HACCP实施中易忽视问题的探讨 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
HACCP是国内逐步推广实施的一个食品安全质量保证体系,是当今食品卫生监管部门所关注的热点。针对在日常监督管理工作中HACCP建立实施出现的一些问题,从创建HACCP的前期工作、HACCP的建立、HACCP的运转等3方面着眼,重点阐述了HACCP操作过程中容易忽视的概念、原则和方法,并提出了相应的观点。 相似文献
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广交会食街快餐熟食品供应的HACCP管理应用研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为保障广交会食街快餐熟食品供应的食品卫生 ,防止食源性病患发生 ,对进入广交会食街的餐饮加工单位运用危害性分析及关键控制点 (HACCP)卫生管理系统 ,确定接受蔬菜和肉类等食品原料、熟食品烹调加工和熟食品售卖过程 3个环节为关键控制点 ,并提出关键控制点的干预措施。结果表明 ,引入HACCP后 ,广交会食街快餐熟食品的卫生质量检测合格率显著上升 ,食品从业人员的食品卫生法律意识和卫生知识明显增强 ,无食品卫生质量投诉案件和食源性疾患发生。该方法在大型短期重大公众活动中保障食品卫生是非常积极有效的和切实可行的 ,值得推广使用。 相似文献
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中国食品卫生监督管理现状与发展 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
目的分析介绍我国食品卫生监督管理状况。方法分析目前我国食品卫生存在的问题,介绍卫生部门在加强食品卫生监督管理方面所开展的10项重点工作。结果从危险性评估、危险性管理、危险性信息交流的角度,提出了今后重点工作方向。结论中国食品卫生监督管理取得了很大的成绩,但仍需进一步完善。 相似文献
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随着\"服务行政\"理念的普及,传统上以行政处罚、行政强制和行政命令为特征的\"刚性\"管理已不能满足建设服务型政府的需要,在很多行政领域,\"柔性\"的行政指导成为传统依法行政的必要补充和灵活有效的行政活动方式。对食品安全监督领域中的行政指导的运用进行了探讨,以期行政主体进一步重视、探索和加强行政指导在当代行政管理中的运用。 相似文献
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Gretchen L. Wall Donna P. Clements Connie L. Fisk Donald M. Stoeckel Kristin L. Woods Elizabeth A. Bihn 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2019,18(3):723-737
On February 27 to 28, 2018, the Produce Safety Alliance convened a national water summit in Covington, KY to discuss the requirements of the United States Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Food Safety Modernization Act Standards for the Growing, Harvesting, Packing, and Holding of Produce for Human Consumption (Produce Safety Rule [PSR]). The goals of the meeting were to better understand the challenges growers face in implementing the requirements in Subpart E–Agricultural Water and work collaboratively to develop practical solutions to meet fruit and vegetable production needs while protecting public health. To meet these goals, the summit engaged a diverse group of stakeholders including growers, researchers, extension educators, produce industry members, and regulatory personnel. Key outcomes included defining implementation barriers due to diversity in water sources, distribution systems, commodity types, climates, farm size, and production activities. There was an articulated need for science‐based solutions, such as the use of agricultural water system assessments and sharing of federal, state, and regional water quality data, to ensure qualitative and quantitative standards reduce microbial risks. These identified challenges and needs resulted in significant debate about whether reopening the PSR–Subpart E for modification or attempting to address concerns through guidance would provide the best mechanism for alleviating concerns. In addition, training, outreach, and technical assistance were identified as vital priorities once the concerns are formally addressed by FDA. The water summit highlighted the critical need for transparency of FDA's progress on reevaluating the Subpart E requirements to help guide growers’ decisions regarding the use of agricultural water. 相似文献
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HACCP系统是以食品安全角度出发,对食品潜在危害人体的危害性进行分析和定级,对可能引起危害的生产过程确定关键控制点,以防止生产出危害人体的食品。文中介绍了建立HACCP系统的七个步骤。 相似文献
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食品安全涉嫌犯罪案件移送问题与对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
探讨和完善食品安全涉嫌犯罪案件移送工作。运用查阅资料和调研的方法,分析了食品安全涉嫌犯罪案件移送工作存在的问题,并就此提出了相应对策。食品安全涉嫌犯罪案件移送存在行政处理多、移送司法机关追究刑事责任少,移送案件该立案的不立案,涉嫌犯罪案件移送缺乏明确的法律标准。开展行政违法与刑事犯罪界限研究,完善食品安全涉嫌犯罪案件移送机制等措施,加强食品安全涉嫌犯罪案件移送工作。 相似文献
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为维护公告的权威性,对河南省安阳市1996年~2003年的食品卫生监督监测公告进行了分析。结果发现,食品卫生监督监测公告呈明显的季节性,且年度间频次不平衡;发布公告的单位不统一;部分公告用语不规范,对被监督单位使用简称。为提高执法的严肃性,应注意公告的规范化问题。 相似文献
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目的建立高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测法同时测定减肥通便茶中橙黄决明素、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚含量的分析方法。方法采用BDS HYPERSIL C18柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以甲醇-0.1%磷酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长284 nm。结果橙黄决明素、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚分别在检测范围内呈良好线性关系(r≥0.9999),检出限均低于0.1 ng;方法回收率为91.18%~103.53%,相对标准偏差小于3%。应用所建立的方法测定20个批次样品中以上6种成分的含量,其结果差异较大。结论本方法简便、准确,适用于减肥通便茶中橙黄决明素、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚含量的同时测定,为减肥通便茶的质量控制提供检验依据。 相似文献
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食品添加剂在食品行业中占有重要地位,它的使用直接关系着食品的性能与安全,因而食品添加剂安全监管体制在整个社会法制体系中占有重要的地位。美国联邦食品、药品和化妆品法规定,只有经过美国食品药品监督管理局评价和公布的食品添加剂才能生产和在食品中使用。本文综述了美国食品添加剂的法律法规及监管体系。美国十分重视对食品添加剂的法律法规体系建设,并形成了严格、规范、有效的监管,其中有些经验对我国完善食品添加剂管理法规和监管体系具有重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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目的 保障学生饮食安全。方法在学校后勤社会化背景下,根据《学校食物中毒事故行政责任追究暂行规定》的规定,在学校建立了食品安全责任体系,制定了符合学校实际的食品安全管理制度,充分依靠卫生部门的专家,认真做好从业人员的工作。结果自体系实施以来,学校食品卫生安全得到有效保障,未发生一起食物中毒事件。结论我校建立的食品安全体系合理有效,能保证学校师生的饮食安全。 相似文献
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《Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment》2013,30(10):1475-1490
ABSTRACTAcrylamide is a contaminant that can form in certain plant-based foods during high-temperature cooking. From 2011–2015, the Food and Drug Administration conducted extensive sampling and analyses of acrylamide in foods, as a follow-up to surveys from 2002–2006. We compared acrylamide occurrence data and exposure estimates based on 2011–2015 data with data and exposure estimates from 2002–2006. Acrylamide levels in selected food categories generally did not decrease significantly in 2011–2015 compared with 2002–2006. However, significant decreases in acrylamide concentrations were observed for potato chips and crackers, which may be related to the availability and use of mitigation techniques for reducing acrylamide in foods. Mean dietary intake for those 2 years and older based on 2011–2015 data was 0.36 µg/kg bw/day, comparable to the 0.44 µg/kg bw/day reported by FDA in 2006. French fries and potato products, breakfast cereal, cookies, potato chips, and crackers continue to be the greatest contributors to dietary intake of acrylamide. Infant snack foods were identified as an important contributor to acrylamide intake relative to infant jarred foods. The continued presence of acrylamide in food suggests that manufacturers and governments should continue to pursue efforts to reduce acrylamide in foods that are important contributors to acrylamide intake. 相似文献
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目的借鉴美国食品药品监督管理局(US Food and Drug Administration,FDA)食品监管科学研究成果,提高我国食品安全监管技术保障能力。方法以美国食品药品监督管理局官网上各类文件和技术资料为主要研究对象,深入、系统地从多方面梳理了FDA食品监管科学研究的重点领域。结果 FDA立足战略重点与目标,围绕食源性致病菌全基因组测序研究、多层次食品中危害物检测技术研发、食品安全风险评估和排序、食品真实性识别、食源性耐药性监测、总膳食研究等领域开展了深入研究,取得支撑监管的系列成果,结合我国实际,从6个方面对加强中国食品监管科学研究创新提出针对性建议。结论为加强中国食品监管科学研究提供参考。 相似文献