褚橙精油纳米乳的制备及抑菌性

由于褚橙(Citrus sinensis Osbeck)精油特有的香气和抑菌性,使褚橙精油在食品、医药、化妆品等行业有着极其广泛的应用。但褚橙精油的水溶性差、且易挥发特性限制了其应用。为解决这些问题,以非离子表面活性剂(Tween 80和Span 80)为乳化剂,采用高速剪切的方法制备了褚橙精油O/W纳米乳液。并研究了表面活性剂复配比、质量浓度以及乳化剪切速率对褚橙精油纳米乳粒径、ζ-电位、黏度、乳液稳定性的影响。探索了制备褚橙精油的优化工艺参数:当褚橙精油的质量浓度为5 g/dL时,Tween 80和Span 80复配质量比为1∶2,复合表面活性剂质量浓度为3 g/dL,乳化剪切速度为12 000 r/min,所得乳液粒径为(135±0.76) nm,ζ-电位绝对值(30±0.36)mV,稳定性良好。研究发现,相比较于纯精油,褚橙精油纳米乳表现出更强的抑菌效果,说明将精油乳化可以提高其利用效率,这为该精油的应用拓展提供了可能。     

响应面法优化茴香精油提取工艺及其微乳特性和货架期研究

本研究通过响应面法对茴香精油提取工艺进行优化,然后以茴香精油为油相、Tween 80+40为表面活性剂、丙三醇为助表面活性剂制备茴香精油微乳液体系,利用流变法、粒度仪及还原反应,对茴香精油微乳构型、粒径、总还原力及贮藏性进行探究。结果表明,当料液比1:8.40 g/mL,浸提时间4.09 h,颗粒粒度80目,浸提温度80 ℃时,茴香精油得率高达15.99%±0.10%。制备的茴香精油微乳粒径为30.92±0.13 nm,当水分含量高于60%时,为稳定的O/W型微乳。茴香精油的乳化明显提升了茴香精油的总还原力。根据化学反应动力学原理,建立Arrhenius方程为:k=2518.85·e?35583.09/RT,该模型预测茴香精油微乳在20、35、50和65 ℃下能贮藏 1899.18、932.03、492.94和 271.51 h,最大相对误差8.73%,误差较小,可准确预测该微乳的货架期。     

蛇油纳米乳的制备及稳定性评价

通过水相滴定法制备蛇油纳米乳,研究了混合油相、表面活性剂、助表面活性剂对蛇油纳米乳制备的影响,并利用伪三元相图法确定最佳蛇油纳米乳配方。结果表明：混合油相选择蛇油和肉豆蔻酸异丙酯（IPM）,表面活性剂选择Span80和Tween80二者质量比27∶ 73,助表面活性剂选择PEG400;最佳蛇油纳米乳配方为蛇油1.6 g、IPM 2.4 g、Span80 1.08 g、Tween80 2.92 g、PEG400 4.0 g、水8.0 g。所制得的蛇油纳米乳为O/W型,平均粒径为63.01 nm,PDI为0.226,Zeta电位为-19 mV,液滴外观为圆形,粒径均匀且状态良好;离心后清澈透明,不分层;不耐高温,需要在25 ℃以下贮存;冷冻后,可以在室温下恢复到初始状态;氧化稳定性较蛇油提高     

玫瑰精油微乳制备及性质研究

为改善玫瑰精油的水溶性和稳定性,采用转相乳化法制备玫瑰精油微乳,优化微乳制备工艺,优化静态顶空法测定微乳包封率,并对储藏稳定性进行研究。结果表明:玫瑰精油HLB值≥15.5,微乳的最佳制备工艺为:吐温80为表面活性剂,乙醇为助表面活性剂,最佳Km值为2,S/O值为9,选用磁力搅拌法,最佳制备温度为40℃,当水分质量分数为90%时,平均粒径为10.43 nm,PDI为0.07,包封率达89%。制备的可稀释微乳粒径稳定,溶液澄清透亮,储存稳定性好。     

柑橘精油纳米乳的制备及对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制活性研究

以抑菌圈直径试验筛选出的对金黄色葡萄球菌抑制效果较好的3种柑橘(佛手柑、甜橙、蜜柚)精油为油相,以吐温80为乳化剂,去离子水为水相,通过相转变法制备纳米乳。结果表明,3种柑橘精油纳米乳的配方:精油质量分数为6%、吐温80质量分数为24%、去离子水质量分数为70%,此条件下制备的纳米乳平均粒径为10~20 nm,粒径分布较均匀。抑菌圈直径试验和最小抑菌浓度试验表明,将3种柑橘精油制备成纳米乳,其抑菌活性均得到提升,其中佛手柑精油纳米乳表现出最强的抑制金黄色葡萄球菌效果,最小抑菌浓度和最小杀菌浓度均为3.75 mg/mL,抑菌活性为纯精油的2.5倍。扫描电镜结果显示,相对于纯精油,佛手柑精油纳米乳对菌体结构的破坏更显著,说明佛手柑精油纳米乳对食源性病菌金黄色葡萄球菌具有良好的抑制作用。     

深海鱼油纳米乳制备方法研究

研究了深海鱼油纳米乳的制备方法,并对制备的纳米乳的理化性质进行了分析。以深海鱼油为油相,采用表面活性剂复配法从Span-20、Span-80、Tween-20、Tween-80中筛选合适的乳化剂。结果表明:以Span-80和Tween-80体积比为19∶81的混合液作为乳化剂,以无水乙醇为助表面活性剂;当V(混合表面活性剂)∶V(深海鱼油)∶V(蒸馏水)=8∶2∶20时,所制备纳米乳为O/W型,其表观澄清透明,粒径范围在725 nm之间,多分散系数(PDI)范围在0.150.25之间。用三相图表示纳米乳的成乳范围。稳定性试验表明所制备的纳米乳离心后能保持稳定,但对高温不耐受,需25℃以下保存。     

基于凹凸棒稳定的姜精油纳米乳的性质表征和结肠靶向研究

为提高姜精油（Ginger essential oil, GEO）的稳定性和利用度,本实验室以酸改性凹凸棒为稳定剂、亚麻籽胶作为乳化剂、壳聚糖盐酸盐做壁材制备了姜精油纳米乳。本研究对姜精油纳米乳进行性质表征（包括形貌与形态、粒径分布、流变性、红外光谱、包埋率）并评价其结肠靶向和缓释性能。研究结果表明姜精油纳米乳粒径呈正态分布,液滴平均粒径为329.6 nm,PDI为0.259,包埋率为91.26%±0.03%;通过荧光显微镜和扫描电镜观察,表明所制备姜精油纳米乳分散度良好,呈表面光滑的球形;红外光谱结果表明,姜精油被包封进纳米乳中且化学组成未被破坏,纳米乳中各组分的结合方式为物理结合;姜精油纳米乳在4、25、40℃贮藏28 d稳定性良好;通过体外模拟消化试验及动力学分析结果表明,姜精油纳米乳具有结肠靶向和缓释的性能。本研究为食品功能因子结肠递送体系的建立、以及后期姜精油纳米乳作为食品功能因子改善肠道健康中的应用提供了理论依据。     

V_A纳米乳制备工艺

研究了V_A纳米乳的制备并对其质量进行评价。运用伪三元相图筛选出了最佳表面活性剂与助表面活性剂以及二者最优配比,确定的最优工艺为:5.3 g吐温80与2.7 g丙三醇搅拌均匀,加入2 g V_A油,边搅拌边滴加去离子水,直至形成澄清透亮乳液,去离子水用量1mL。所制备的V_A纳米乳为水包油型,粒径分布范围为10~40 nm,平均粒径23.68 nm。将V_A纳米乳10 000 r/min离心20 min,或常温放置6个月均未见分层,表明制备的V_A纳米乳性质稳定。经检测,纳米乳中V_A含量41.66 mg/g。     

香茅草精油微乳液的构建及其抗氧化活性分析

本研究的目的是构建一种改善香茅草精油在水相环境中应用的微乳体系。以香茅草为原料,采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取香茅草精油以及GC-MS联用技术对精油成分进行定性分析。通过绘制伪三元相图选择合适的微乳液组分制备香茅草精油微乳液,考察不同表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、Km值、pH值和离子强度等因素对微乳区域面积的影响。最终制备以Tween80为表面活性剂,无水乙醇为助表面活性剂,去离子水为水相的O/W型香茅草精油微乳液。其理化性质为:pH为6.73±0.02、黏度为15.50±0.11 mPa/s、电导率为108.90±0.21μs/cm、平均粒径为16.50±0.53 nm。最后,通过用DPPH,ORAC和PSC方法测定及比较香茅草精油与香茅草精油微乳液的抗氧化活性。结果表明,香茅草精油微乳液在水相环境中的抗氧化活性显著优于香茅草精油的效果(p0.05)。     

板栗花精油微乳的制备工艺

本文采用转相乳化法制备板栗花精油微乳,并通过伪三元相图考察表面活性剂、助表面活性剂、表面活性剂与助表面活性剂的比值(Km值)和油相对微乳形成的影响,以确定板栗花精油微乳的最优制备工艺参数。结果表明:板栗花精油微乳的最佳工艺为:聚乙二醇硬脂酸酯-15(HS-15)为表面活性剂,甘油为助表面活性剂,Km为2,油酸乙酯(EO)与精油等比例混合为油相,所制备的板栗花精油微乳为O/W型。以最佳微乳配方中混合表面活性剂与油相比例7∶3为试样,微乳的特性参数电导率、黏度和p H分别为180.2μs/cm,44.7 m Pa·s和6.66。此研究为板栗花精油微乳的制备及应用提供技术支持。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

Focus on China's Paper Industry

In the English section of this issue, 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 will introduce ＂National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the ＇13th Five-Year Plan＇＂, ＂2013 Annual Report of China＇s Paper Industry＂, and news of projects and other policies.     

Listen to downstream & search for innovation

正Nowadays,textile enterprises are all taking efforts in transformation and upgrading,like improving producing capacity and optimizing production structure to face market downturn.It claimed a higher request to the standard of textile equipments.In the upcoming of ITMA ASIA+CITME 2014exhibition,this magazine have interviewed several branch associations and a series of relative enterprises,to summarize industrial developing status