低盐去骨块状火腿的研究

研究采用注射法腌制生产低盐块状火腿,生产周期可控制在40d左右,成品含盐量控制在5%-6%之间。并通过正交实验确定了复合抑菌剂优化配比为Nisin0.2g/kg,亚硝酸钠40mg/kg,抗坏血酸0.02%。通过感官及理化检测, 新工艺与传统工艺制作的火腿品质相似。      

复合磷酸盐对去骨块状火腿品质改良的研究

研究了不同配比的复合磷酸盐对去骨块状火腿的各项理化指标的影响,并对成品火腿块的品质进行了感观评价,得到了较好的一组磷酸盐配比即焦磷酸钠40%,三聚磷酸钠40%,六偏磷酸钠20%,并对整只火腿的品质改良提供了新思路。     

低盐干腌火腿的加工

干腌火腿风味独特,深受消费者青睐,但传统干腌火腿含盐量高,对其消费量和食用者健康均有不利影响。本文从火腿的成熟机理出发,综述了低盐干腌火腿的研究近况,指出低盐干腌火腿加工应注意的问题。     

低盐干腌火腿的加工

干腌火腿风味独特，深受消费者青睐，但传统干腌火腿含盐量高，对其消费量和食用者健康均有不利影响。从火腿的成熟机理出发，综述了低盐干腌火腿的研究近况，指出低盐干腌火腿加工应注意的问题。     

现代滚揉腌制工艺对低盐火腿风干成熟中品质变化的影响

本研究以猪后腿为原料,采用现代滚揉腌制及风干成熟工艺加工低盐火腿,并分析滚揉腌制对火腿半膜肌及股二头肌品质的影响。结果表明,现代滚揉腌制对火腿理化品质有显著的影响(p<0.05),具体表现为半膜肌中水分含量显著高于对照组(p<0.05),股二头肌中实验组水分含量显著低于对照组(p<0.05),食盐含量显著高于对照组(p<0.05),半膜肌和股二头肌中水分及盐分含量差异较小,在火腿风干成熟过程中,滚揉腌制对火腿色差L*、a*、b*变化趋势影响较小;与对照组相比,滚揉腌制能显著降低半膜肌和股二头肌的硬度(p<0.05),显著改善了火腿的质构特性。并且对半膜肌和股二头肌中游离脂肪酸重量、蛋白质水解指数及感官品质无显著影响(p>0.05)。因此,现代滚揉腌制能平衡火腿半膜肌及股二头肌的理化品质,促进产品的内外部位品质的稳定性。      

昭通火腿低盐化腌制的研究

食品低盐化有利于人体健康。本研究采用既可抑制腐败菌生长，又不过多抑制发酵菌繁殖的用盐量6%腌制，腌后脱部分盐，再风干发酵的工艺，制成含盐量仅为传统火腿52.7%的淡盐火腿。该火腿在风味、卫生质量指标和贮性(特别是深加工后的贮存性上)均比老工艺火腿有所提高。此外，新方法在原工艺上未再用新的添加剂，故还保持了原天然腌制的特色。     

昭通火腿低盐化腌制的研究

食品低盐化有利于人体健康。本研究采用既可抑制腐败菌生长 ,又不过多抑制发酵菌繁殖的用盐量6 %腌制 ,腌后脱部分盐 ,再风干发酵的工艺 ,制成含盐量仅为传统火腿 5 2 7%的淡盐火腿。该火腿在风味、卫生质量指标和贮性 (特别是深加工后的贮存性上 )均比老工艺火腿有所提高。此外 ,新方法在原工艺上未再用新的添加剂 ,故还保持了原天然腌制的特色      

低钠替代盐在火腿中的研究进展

传统火腿加工过程中食盐含量普遍超标,食盐的过量摄入已被证实会诱发高血压等一系列心脑血管疾病。为保障消费者的健康,降低火腿中钠盐含量是火腿制品所面临的重要任务。通过使用低钠替代盐可以降低钠含量且优化火腿的品质,但低钠替代盐需替代最适比例才能达到理想的替代盐的效果,超过最适替代比则会对火腿的风味、口感、质构和保质期产生不利影响。本文论述了国内外低钠替代盐的研究现状,阐述了近年来有关氯化物替代盐(钾盐、镁盐、钙盐)、非氯化物替代盐以及风味增强剂在火腿中应用的研究进展,以期为低钠火腿的研究与开发提供参考。     

涂膜制作低盐干腌火腿的研究

传统干腌火腿的盐分含量为9％～12％，生产周期长达6个月以上。本项研究，将新鲜猪腿肉去皮、去骨和切块后进行干腌，腌肉块经防腐涂膜处理后进行干燥和发酵，可以制成块状低盐干腌火腿，盐分含量降低到5％～7％，生产周期缩短到1个月，与传统工艺制作的干腌火腿的风味和口感相同。     

腌制是保证火腿质量的关键

腌制对火腿质量是至关重要的,对火腿色泽、滋味、香气影响极大,集我从事金华火腿加工30余年经验,体会极深。     

香菇鸡肉低温火腿的研制

香菇是一种优质的食用菌,具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒、抗凝血、消炎等生理活性。试验以香菇和鸡肉为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验对香菇鸡肉低温火腿进行了研制。得到的最佳配方为:香菇12%、淀粉12%、混合增稠剂0.6%、香辛料1.0%。     

Effect of low-temperature preservation on the quality of vacuum-packaged dry-cured ham: Refrigerated boneless ham and frozen ham cuts

The effect of storage on dry-cured ham quality was studied. Sixteen vacuum-packaged boneless dry-cured hams and sixteen vacuum-packaged dry-cured ham cuts were stored in darkness under refrigeration (4±2°C; 8 months) or freezing (-18±1°C; 24 months), respectively. Instrumental colour and texture, physico-chemical and biochemical parameters, sensory profile and consumer acceptability and purchase satisfaction were measured throughout storage. The overall quality of refrigerated boneless dry-cured hams and frozen dry-cured ham cuts showed only limited changes throughout long-term storage. Significant changes involved loss of odour and flavour, increased adhesiveness and modification of hardness, the Semimembranosus muscle became tender while Biceps femoris became harder, leading to a higher textural homogeneity. In agreement with those changes, the overall acceptability assessed by a trained panel decreased throughout storage, though this was significant regarding only frozen hams. However, consumer evaluation of acceptability, as well as satisfaction with hypothetical purchasing, did not vary significantly throughout storage.     

影响低温火腿肉嫩度因素的研究

嫩度是衡量低温火腿肉品质的重要感官指标。通过试验研究确定影响低温火腿肉嫩度的主要因素是肉的选择及其比例结构、杀菌温度、是否加入磷酸盐、氯化钙、淀粉等,其中一个因素发生变化,肉的嫩度有相应的改变。     

菠菜汁低温火腿肠加工工艺研究

以猪肉为主料，菠菜汁为配料，以玉米淀粉、大豆分离蛋白等为辅料，通过单因素试验和正交试验，针对菠菜汁低温火腿肠的配方进行了研究，结果表明：菠菜汁添加量为3％、肥瘦肉比例为7：3，淀粉添加量为10％、香辛料添加量1．5％，产品质量最好。     

低钠传统金华火腿加工过程中理化特性的变化

为了降低传统金华火腿中钠含量,本研究采用与食盐相比钠含量降低了40%~50%的新型低钠盐和食盐制备传统金华火腿,对比加工过程中低钠盐和食盐对火腿水分含量、水分活度、p H、钠及钾含量、蛋白降解指数、TBA值、色泽和感官品质的影响。结果表明:在加工过程中,低钠组成熟后期水分含量为43.86%,与食盐组差异不显著(p>0.05),成熟后期食盐组p H显著低于(p<0.05)低钠盐组,成熟后期低钠盐组蛋白降解指数比食盐组高14.71%。终产品中低钠组TBA值显著高于食盐组(p<0.05),终产品钠含量降低了52.94%,且两组的各项感官指标均无显著差异(p>0.05)。低钠金华火腿在保证了火腿传统风味品质基础上,又降低了钠的含量。      

诺邓火腿产业化发展现状与对策

诺邓火腿产于云南大理的诺邓村,是云南名特产。诺邓火腿加工主要包括鲜腿的选择、修整、去血水、喷酒、上盐、抹盐泥、腌制和上挂发酵这八道工序。2012年因《舌尖上的中国》而出名,销量和价格一路攀升,产量供不应求,因此诺邓火腿产业化发展对当地经济发展有着重要的意义。本文主要介绍了诺邓火腿的加工工艺,包括诺邓火腿的历史和生产的地理环境,以及产业化发展的现状及存在的问题,并提出相应对策和解决方法,为诺邓火腿产业化发展提供参考依据。     

Occurrence of ochratoxin A in raw ham muscle,salami and dry-cured ham from pigs fed with contaminated diet

Pork meat-derived products can contribute to the overall ochratoxin A intake, either by carry-over effect, or by environmental mould population cross-contamination. In order to assess the role of these different contamination routes, a study was carried out with pigs challenged orally with OTA contaminated feed at subchronical level. After slaughtering, thighs and minced meat from control and treated groups were transformed into dry-cured hams and salami, respectively, which were analysed for OTA determination after ripening. From collected data, the carry-over in muscle was generally low, whereas a significant contribution to the OTA contamination in dry-cured hams was due to toxinogenic mould population growing on their surface during ripening. Finally, a survey of different types of dry-cured ham (n = 110), from the Italian market, was performed, showing the occurrence of OTA on the surface portion in 84 out of 110 samples with a median value of 0.53 μg/kg and in the inner core in 32 out of 110 samples with a median value lower than 0.1 μg/kg.     

Chemical, instrumental and sensory characteristics of cooked pork ham

Instrumental, chemical and sensory parameters of cooked pork ham were evaluated. Principal component analysis was carried out on the basis of the instrumental variables related to colour and texture. The four PCs account for almost 94% of the total variance in the data set. The PCA only separated 3 hams with a^* > 10. Hardness was correlated with non-collagen muscle protein (P  0.01), gumminess (P  0.01) and ash (P  0.05). Sensory evaluated tenderness showed positive significant correlation with L^* (P  0.01). The most important colour parameter seems to be a^*, which was negatively correlated with sensory evaluated parameter colour (P  0.01). The PCA performed on all parameters (sensory, chemical and textural) discriminated two groups of hams differing in non-collagen muscle protein content and hardness.     

Cathepsin B,D, H and L activities in the processing of dry-cured ham

The activities of cathepsins B, D, H and L have been assayed at various stages in the slow processing (15 months) of dry-cured ham. Cathepsins B, H and L showed low recovered activity (5–10% of the initial activity) at the end of the process. However, cathepsin D almost disappeared after 5–10 months. Water-soluble protein extractability decreased throughout the process while myofibrillar protein extractability was constant. There was a progressive disappearance of myosin heavy chain, myosin light chains 1 and 2, and troponins I and C, a marked increase of three breakdown products with molecular weights of about 150, 95 and 16 kDa and some minor products in the ranges 50–100 kDa and 20–45 kDa. Cathepsins B and L could be particularly active in the observed proteolysis which had a special relevance when the drying started. Actin, actinin, troponin T and tropomyosin did not seem to change.