几种壳聚糖的抑菌性能

通过壳聚糖的抑菌实验和几种壳聚糖的最低抑菌浓度的测定 ,比较了相同脱乙酰度不同分子量 ,以及分子量相近脱乙酰度不同的壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、大肠杆菌和假单胞菌的抑菌作用。结果表明 ,实验中用到的壳聚糖都对金黄色葡萄球菌有很强的抑菌作用 (抑菌率接近 10 0 % ,最低抑菌浓度为 0 0 3% ) ;对于其他 3种细菌 ,脱乙酰度相同 (为 75 3%或 93 7% ) ,粘均分子量不同 (在 4 0～ 80万之间 )的壳聚糖 ,抑菌作用随分子量的升高而增强 ;而分子量相近脱乙酰度不同的壳聚糖对上述 4种细菌的抑菌作用差别不大 ;在 pH 5 5左右至 pH 6 0左右壳聚糖能够发挥最强的抑菌作用 ;总体看来 ,壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌作用最强 ,其次是对假单胞菌和枯草杆菌 ,壳聚糖对大肠杆菌的抑菌作用相对弱一些 ;实验条件下的壳聚糖对上述 4种细菌的抑菌作用普遍比苯甲酸钠强。     

壳聚糖与表面活性剂复合物的抑菌活性及抑菌机理研究

本文对壳聚糖与表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）、十六烷基三甲溴化铵（CTAB）、曲拉通（TritonX-100）的复合物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性进行了研究。结果表明：壳聚糖与CTAB、TritonX-100复合物对大肠杆菌抑菌活性强干壳聚糖,合成的三种复合物对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌活性强于壳聚糖。其中壳聚糖-CTAB复合物抑菌活性最强,且织物经该复合物的整理后,也具有了较强的抗菌作用,故选择壳聚糖-CTAB的复合物考察抑菌机理。通过测定壳聚糖-CTAB作用后菌液中O．D260nm和0．D280nm、细胞膜蛋白荧光强度的变化,分别研究细菌细胞膜的完整性和细胞膜蛋白结构的变化。结果发现,壳聚糖-CTAB影响了细胞膜蛋白结构,使细胞膜破坏,从而达到抑菌作用。     

壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌活性的研究

研究了壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌活性,考察了不同壳聚糖浓度、pH值、金属离子、醋酸浓度对壳聚糖抑制金黄色葡萄球菌活性的影响,并以壳聚糖浓度、pH值、醋酸浓度为因素进行正交试验,确定了壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌活性的最优条件。实验结果表明,壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制能力随其浓度的升高而增强;壳聚糖溶于浓度为2%的醋酸溶液时,培养基pH控制在6.0时壳聚糖的抑菌活性最强;金属离子在一定程度上降低了壳聚糖的抑菌活性;这3个因素对壳聚糖的抑菌活性的影响程度为壳聚糖浓度pH值醋酸浓度。     

壳聚糖及其金属锌配位络合物的抑菌性能研究

本研究在合成一种壳聚糖锌配合物后，测试了合成的壳聚糖锌、合成原材料壳聚糖的抑菌效果，以及不同PH条件对抑菌效果的影响，并比较了壳聚糖锌和常见的食品防腐剂苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾对大肠杆菌ATCC8099、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC6538、枯草杆菌黑色变种ATCC9372、白色念珠菌ATCC10231和黑曲霉ATCC16404的最低抑菌浓度。结果表明：合成的壳聚糖锌与合成前的壳聚糖相比抑菌性能大大提高；合成后的壳聚糖锌对细菌的抑菌效果与常见的食品防腐剂苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾相当，但对真菌的抑制时效没有苯甲酸钠、山梨酸钾好。同时系统的pH对壳聚糖锌和壳聚糖都有较大的影响，酸性条件下抑菌效果较好。     

壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌机理的研究

体外抑菌法研究了壳聚糖分子量、脱乙酰度以及pH值对金黄色葡萄球菌(St.aureus)抑制作用的影响。通过测定壳聚糖作用前后菌液中碱性磷酸酶、β-糖苷酶活性和核酸、蛋白质含量,研究了细胞内容物的泄露以及细胞膜完整性;运用透射电子显微镜和激光共聚焦荧光显微镜从超微结构探讨了壳聚糖对St.aureus的作用位点。结果发现细胞膜是壳聚糖对St.aureus作用的位点,壳聚糖改变了细胞膜的渗透性而使细胞膜破坏,伴随大量细胞内容物泄露。     

小分子羧甲基壳聚糖的抑菌性能研究

采用体外抑菌法分别测定不同小分子量羧甲基壳聚糖对几类菌种的抑制作用。结果表明3 000 u分子量的羧甲基壳聚糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉和酵母菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为:0.10%、0.15%、0.15%、0.15%;6 000 u分子量的羧甲基壳聚糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉和酵母菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为:0.15%、0.15%、0.20%、0.15%;9 000 u分子量的羧甲基壳聚糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、黑曲霉和酵母菌的最低抑菌浓度分别为:0.20%、0.10%、0.20%、0.20%。较高分子量的羧甲基壳聚糖对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果较好,低分子量的羧甲基壳聚糖对大肠杆菌、黑曲霉、酵母菌的抑菌效果较好。     

壳聚糖对Nisin抑菌稳定性的影响研究

研究了壳聚糖对乳酸链球菌肽（Nisin）抑菌稳定性的作用,并利用红外光谱仪和差式扫描量热仪（DSC）分析了壳聚糖对Nisin保护作用的机理。结果表明：壳聚糖可以显著提高Nisin的抑菌稳定性,在不同的温度及pH范围内,其保护效果有所差异;壳聚糖浓度在1％时效果最好;红外光谱和DSC图谱研究显示,壳聚糖能与Nisin形成氢键,稳定Nisin的空间结构,并能提高Nisin的热稳定性,从而改善了其抑菌稳定性。     

壳聚糖季铵盐的抗菌抑菌活性及其在医药领域的应用

壳聚糖季铵盐是一种重要的壳聚糖衍生物,具有无毒、抗菌及抑菌活性好等特点,因而被广泛应用于环境保护、食品加工、药物负载、控释以及抗菌抑菌材料的制备。本文综述了壳聚糖季铵盐的抑菌活性及其在医药领域的应用,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

植物多酚-壳聚糖抑菌保鲜膜的研究进展

植物多酚作为一种天然抗菌剂,因具有良好的抗氧化和抗菌活性,在抗菌膜材料领域倍受关注。针对植物多酚-壳聚糖复合抗菌膜的研究现状,本文综述了以植物多酚为主要抑菌剂的壳聚糖保鲜膜的研究进展,并重点对植物多酚-壳聚糖抑菌保鲜膜的成膜方法、成膜机理、物理性能、抗氧化能力、抑菌性能及抑菌机理、食品应用等方面进行阐述。并对植物多酚-壳聚糖抑菌保鲜膜的研究前景进行讨论,为植物多酚-壳聚糖抑菌保鲜膜的进一步研究提供一些建议。     

羧甲基硫脲壳聚糖的结构表征及抑菌活性研究

运用红外光谱、紫外光谱和差热-热重分析对合成的羧甲基硫脲壳聚糖进行结构表征,并研究羧甲基硫脲壳聚糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性。结果表明:硫脲壳聚糖中羟基发生了羧甲基化反应,与壳聚糖相比热稳定性降低;羧甲基硫脲壳聚糖对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性较壳聚糖本身增强,对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌最小抑菌质量浓度(MIC)均为0.20mg/mL。     

微波技术在抗菌性壳聚糖衍生物合成中的研究

叙述了抗菌性壳聚糖衍生物的研究进展，简要评述了用于合成抗菌性壳聚糖衍生物的微波辐射装置，重点介绍了微波技术在纺织品用抗菌性壳聚糖衍生物合成中的研究，并对发展前景进行了展望。     

Antimicrobial activity of native chitosan,degraded chitosan,and O-carboxymethylated chitosan

The antimicrobial activity of native chitosan was compared to that of lipase-degraded chitosan. The effects of O-carboxymethylated (O-CM) substitution on native (molecular weight, 120; degree of deacetylation, 84.71%) and lipase-degraded chitosans were also investigated. The antimicrobial activity of native chitosan was more extensive than that of lipase-degraded chitosan; however, lipase-degraded chitosan was still highly effective and more water-soluble. O-CM chitosan derived from degraded chitosan was more effective than O-CM chitosan derived from native chitosan. O-CM substitution enhanced lipase-degraded chitosan's antimicrobial activity without reducing its solubility.     

壳聚糖胍盐酸盐的制备及其在羊毛织物抗菌整理中的应用

采用微波辐射技术,以壳聚糖胍亚硫酸盐和浓盐酸为原料,合成了一种壳聚糖胍盐酸盐抗菌剂,通过红外光谱和核磁谱图对其结构进行表征。将壳聚糖胍盐酸盐用于羊毛织物的抗菌整理,通过研究整理剂质量浓度、焙烘温度、焙烘时间对整理后羊毛织物抗菌效果和物理力学性能的影响优化整理工艺。结果表明,在微波辐射条件下成功合成了壳聚糖胍盐酸盐抗菌剂,整理剂在羊毛织物上的较佳整理工艺为壳聚糖胍盐质量浓度10 g/L,焙烘温度130℃,焙烘时间5 min。     

不同脱乙酰度蚕蛹壳聚糖抑菌性能的比较

研究了3种不同脱乙酰度蚕蛹壳聚糖对9种供试菌的抑菌效果。结果表明:3种壳聚糖对蜡状芽孢杆菌、鼠伤寒杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白色念珠球菌、绿脓假单胞菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有明显的抑制作用,对巨大芽孢杆菌和嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的抑制作用不明显。随着壳聚糖溶液浓度的增大,其抑菌能力也增强。3种壳聚糖的抑菌活性为:脱乙酰度为95.96%的壳聚糖>脱乙酰度为86.45%的壳聚糖>脱乙酰度为78.12%的壳聚糖。壳聚糖的抑菌活性呈现随pH降低而增加的趋势,当pH值在pH 4.0～5.0,壳聚糖对所有供试菌均能完全抑制。高脱乙酰度蚕蛹壳聚糖作为热加工食品的防腐剂,可稳定保持其抑菌防腐性能。     

Antimicrobial activity of lactoferrin against foodborne pathogenic bacteria incorporated into edible chitosan film

The objectives of this research were to develop and characterize edible chitosan film containing lactoferrin as a natural antimicrobial agent, and to investigate the combination effects of lactoferrin with lysozyme in chitosan film against the growth of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Listeria monocytogenes. Chitosan films containing lactoferrin, lysozyme, or nisin were fabricated, and the antimicrobial concentrations were 0.5, 1, or 2 mg in a circular disc of chitosan film. Three concentrations of lactoferrin or EDTA (0.28, 0.56, or 1.12 mg per disc) were also incorporated into the chitosan film containing lysozyme to investigate the combination effects of lactoferrin. The water barrier properties of the chitosan films containing lactoferrin were characterized. The antimicrobial activities against E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes were determined using the agar diffusion assay and cell count assay. The chitosan films containing lactoferrin less than 1 mg per disc did not alter the water vapor permeability of the chitosan film. Although the film containing lysozyme exhibited significant antimicrobial activity, the incorporation of lactoferrin alone into chitosan film did not exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against both E. coli O157:H7 and L. monocytogenes. However, the combination of lactoferrin with lysozyme-containing chitosan film significantly decreased the growth of E. coli O157:H7, exhibiting a comparable effect to that of the combination of EDTA with lysozyme (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the combination of lactoferrin with lysozyme in chitosan film exhibited greater reduction in the growth of L. monocytogenes than did the combination EDTA with lysozyme, resulting in an approximate 3-log reduction.     

柠檬酸和壳聚糖对棉织物抗菌整理的研究

 针对柠檬酸和壳聚糖在棉织物抗菌整理中的应用,研究了壳聚糖的浓度对棉织物抗菌性的影响,多元羧酸的含量对壳聚糖固着率的影响及焙烘温度对壳聚糖固着率和白度的影响;并对整理后棉织物的性能进行了测试分析。结果表明,用柠檬酸和壳聚糖的混合液对棉织物进行抗菌整理的效果是明显的,整理后棉织物的耐久定型和折皱回复率都有提高,而且经反复洗涤后,其抗菌性仍达到80%以上。     

含锌及含铜甲壳胺纤维的抗菌性能

为改善甲壳胺纤维的抗菌性能,用ZnCl2和CuSO4水溶液处理甲壳胺纤维。利用氨基的螯合性能,将锌离子及铜离子引入纤维的结构中,同时纤维的质量也有所增加。抗菌试验结果表明,含有金属离子的甲壳胺纤维其抗菌性能大大高于初始甲壳胺纤维。     

多元羧酸和壳聚糖对棉织物的抗菌防皱整理

讨论了两种多元羧酸的复配对整理效果的影响及复配比。对羧酸浓度、壳聚糖以及催化剂和焙烘温度进行单因素分析，确定了抗菌防皱整理的最佳工艺。     

Antimicrobial properties of chitosan and mode of action: a state of the art review

Owing to its high biodegradability, and nontoxicity and antimicrobial properties, chitosan is widely-used as an antimicrobial agent either alone or blended with other natural polymers. To broaden chitosan's antimicrobial applicability, comprehensive knowledge of its activity is necessary. The paper reviews the current trend of investigation on antimicrobial activities of chitosan and its mode of action. Chitosan-mediated inhibition is affected by several factors can be classified into four types as intrinsic, environmental, microorganism and physical state, according to their respective roles. In this review, different physical states are comparatively discussed. Mode of antimicrobial action is discussed in parts of the active compound (chitosan) and the target (microorganisms) collectively and independently in same complex. Finally, the general antimicrobial applications of chitosan and perspectives about future studies in this field are considered.     

Characterization of antimicrobial properties on the growth of S. aureus of novel renewable blends of gliadins and chitosan of interest in food packaging and coating applications

The biocide properties of chitosan-based materials have been known for many years. However, typical antimicrobial formulations of chitosan, mostly chitosonium salts, are known to be very water sensitive materials which may impair their use in many application fields such as food packaging or food coating applications. This first work reports on the development and characterization of the antimicrobial properties of novel fully renewable blends of chitosan with more water-resistant gliadin proteins isolated from wheat gluten. Chitosan release to the nutrient broth from a wide range of blends was studied making use of the ninhydrin method. The results indicated that both pure chitosan and its blends with gliadins presented significant antimicrobial activity, which increased with increasing the amount of chitosan in the composite formulation as expected. The gliadins-chitosan blends showed good transparency and film-forming properties and better water resistance than pure chitosan. The release tests revealed that dissolution of the biocide glucosamine groups, i.e. the chitosan water soluble fractions, also increased with the amount of chitosan present in the formulation. The release of these groups was for the first time directly correlated with the antimicrobial properties exhibited by the blends. Thus, incorporation of chitosan into an insoluble biopolymer matrix was revealed as a very feasible strategy to generate novel chitosan-based antimicrobial materials with potential advantages, for instance active food packaging applications.