纳豆芽孢杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌混合发酵过程中营养物质变化的研究

以麦麸、豆粕、玉米粉为基质,纳豆芽孢杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌为试验菌株,采用固态发酵的技术,对其发酵过程中的活菌数和营养物质进行分析测定.结果表明:发酵后纳豆芽孢杆菌数为9.8×109cfu/g,嗜酸乳杆菌数为7.1×109 cfu/g,蛋白酶活力达到2 240.9 U/g,粗蛋白质含量比发酵前增加了1.3个百分点,肽和氨基酸含量均为发酵前的4.5和3.4倍.     

乳酸菌直投发酵剂培养与冷干条件的优化

采用响应面法对保加利亚乳杆菌(Lactobacillusbulgaricus)和嗜热链球菌的增菌(Streptococcusther-mophilus)培养基进行了优化,并且对其冻干保护剂进行了筛选,结果表明通过流加碱控制保加利亚乳杆菌的pH值为5.8,嗜热链球菌的pH值为6.4,培养15h,菌体的浓度分别达到1.24×109cfu/mL和8.05×108cfu/mL。离心收集到的菌体,在-70℃的冰箱先预冻3h,然后在冷阱温度-51℃、真空度9Pa冻24h,最终可以得到含活菌数为1.43×1010cfu/g的高活力酸乳发酵剂。     

耐氧性双歧杆菌的驯化及其培养条件的研究

通过对一株青春双歧杆菌的耐氧驯化,获得了具一定耐氧能力的双歧杆菌ad,该菌株可在含有一定空气容积的密闭容器中良好生长。并探讨了以大豆为主要原料发酵培养青春双歧杆菌ad的工艺条件,其最佳培养基配方为:豆浆浓度3BX,葡萄糖1%,自制乳肽0.5%,番茄汁2.5%,胡萝卜汁2.5%;pH7.0;接种量2%;培养温度37℃;厌氧培养24～48h。发酵液活菌数可达6.9×109cfu/mL。青春双歧杆菌ad发酵液原液直接冷冻干燥,无须添加其他保护剂;双歧杆菌ad冻干前增加温度前处理环节,可提高菌体成活率;双歧杆菌ad含水冻干粉活菌数达1.0×1010cfu/g;绝干样品活菌数达1.1×1010cfu/g。     

嗜酸乳杆菌凝胶糖果的工艺探讨

为了强化嗜酸乳杆菌在凝胶糖果中活菌数,研究了嗜酸乳杆菌微胶囊化包埋层数对活菌数的影响;接着以3层包埋微胶囊嗜酸乳杆菌为原料,研究不同凝胶糖果在调配时糖浆水分含量、p H值、温度对嗜酸乳杆菌活菌数的影响;同时研究嗜酸乳杆菌凝胶糖果在保质期内最佳贮藏温度。结果表明:调配时糖浆水分含量20%、p H3.6、温度75℃,凝胶糖果中嗜酸乳杆菌活菌数最大;当嗜酸乳杆菌凝胶糖果贮藏温度小于5℃时,凝胶糖果中嗜酸乳杆菌的活菌数能达到产品标准(1×10~7 cfu/g)。     

以麦麸为原料固态发酵开发多菌种微生态制剂的研究

试验以麦麸为主要原料,采用固态发酵技术,以纳豆芽孢杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌为发酵菌种,以活茵数为指标,通过单因素和L9(34)正交试验确定了双菌混合发酵的最佳条件.结果表明:先接入纳豆芽孢杆菌,发酵3 d后接入嗜酸乳杆菌再共同培养3 d、培养基初始含水量80%、pH值7.0、纳豆芽孢杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌接种比例为4:6、接种量10%、发酵温度37℃的发酵效果最好.在此条件下发酵后,纳豆芽孢杆茵数为9.8×109cfu/g,嗜酸乳杆菌数为7.1×109cfu/g.     

蒺藜与益生菌相互作用的初步研究

研究了不同浓度蒺藜提取液对益生菌生长的影响以及益生菌对蒺藜主要药效成分甾体皂苷的利用情况。结果表明:蒺藜提取液培养嗜酸乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌的最佳浓度均为0.111g/mL,菌数分别为5.13×108cfu/mL和2.24×108cfu/mL;嗜酸乳杆菌能很好的利用蒺藜的甾体皂苷,培养5d后,其吸光度由1.6378下降到0.4617。     

纳豆芽孢杆菌的固态发酵条件

为了优化纳豆芽孢杆菌固态发酵条件,以活菌数和芽孢数为指标,采用微生物发酵技术,研究了种龄、接种量、培养基初始pH值和含水量对固态发酵的影响,并通过L9(34)正交试验确定了纳豆芽孢杆菌固态发酵最佳条件.试验结果表明:接种体积分数7%、种龄17 h、培养基初始pH值8.0、培养基初始水分质量分数70%,37℃固态发酵5 d效果最好,活菌数和芽孢数分别达到3.4×1010 cfu/g和1.8×109 cfu/g.     

双歧杆菌微胶囊的制备和稳定性研究

本研究以明胶、黄原胶、果胶等为复合胶体,先用胶类物质包裹菌体形成耐酸的保护层,再用海藻酸钠和壳聚糖交联形成耐酸性能更好的双层微胶囊。使用正交设计优化工艺条件,试验制得的微胶囊在人工胃液中处理3h后存活率75%,活菌数为4.1×1010(cfu/g)。在直接把湿润的微胶囊加入酸奶中,15天后最高活菌数2.3×1010cfu/g,存活率56%。为双歧杆菌微胶囊产品的开发和利用提供一种新的方法。     

婴儿配方乳粉中低聚糖添加量对肠道益生功能的影响

低聚糖是婴儿配方乳粉中重要成分,而目前国家标准对低聚糖允许添加范围规定非常广泛,导致各品牌婴儿配方乳粉中低聚糖含量差异非常显著。通过体外研究了低聚半乳糖和低聚果糖添加量及配比对双歧杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌活菌数的影响,同时利用动物实验研究了不同低聚糖剂量组的婴儿配方乳粉对小鼠肠道推动及粪便排泄的影响。结果显示,在国家标准允许范围内(≤6.45 g/100 g),随着低聚糖总添加量的增加,2株菌活菌数均呈现显著上升趋势(P0.05),当添加量为5.5 g/100 g,双歧杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的活菌数分别为4.93×10~9 cfu/mL和8.6×10~9 cfu/mL,随后添加量的增加对2株菌的活菌数影响不显著(P0.05)。而不同低聚半乳糖和低聚果糖的混合比例对2种菌的活菌数存在显著性影响,当二者比例为8:2时,2种菌的活菌数均最大。通过动物验证实验得出,不同剂量组小鼠的首次排便时间、粪便量以及小肠推进运动存在显著差异(P0.05),且喂养含5.5 g/100 g低聚糖乳粉的高剂量组小鼠的上述3项指标均达到对照组水平。最终确定乳粉中低聚糖的最适添加量为(5.5±0.5)g/100 g。     

超氧化物歧化酶益生菌发酵酸奶的研究

本文研究了在不同的益生菌发酵剂配比条件下酸奶的品质和口感.双歧杆菌:嗜酸乳杆菌:保加利亚乳杆菌:嗜热链球菌比例为(10∶4∶2∶2)用于酸奶的混合发酵生产,可以使双歧杆菌活菌数达到1.5×108cfu/ml、嗜酸乳杆菌活菌数达到3.1×108 cfu/ml;采用添加低聚木糖等益生元,可以促进双歧杆菌的活菌数目提高;发酵后在LABS酸奶中添加SOD,可保持其在酸奶中较高的酶活力.SOD-LABS益生菌酸奶在4℃保存21d,SOD酶活性能保持75%以上.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.