陕西省烟草病毒病的发生、流行成因及防治技术

根据近年来有关研究进展，从烟草病毒病的危害，烟草病毒病的主要种类及特性，烟草病毒病的发生规律，烟蚜的越冬迁飞和传毒特性，烟草病毒病流行成灾的原因分析，烟草蚜传病毒病的预测预报等方面，笔者对烟草病毒病的发生，流行成因及防治技术进行了综述。     

临沂烟区烟草病毒病防治策略探讨

烟草病毒病害是临沂烟区的最主要病害，由于气候等因素的影响，烟草病毒病在临沂烟区发生日益严重，已成为阻碍生产的主要因素之一。笔者分析了近年烟草病毒病严重发生的原因，并通过试验和经验提出了临沂烟区烟草病毒病的主要防治措施。     

烟草蚜传病毒病的发生与防治方法的初步研究

通过研究，明确了安徽省烟草蚜传病毒毒源主要为烟田及田边杂草，以及烟田周边菜地、中草药田等；明确了安徽省烟田发生的主要病毒病为PVY、CMV，其次为TMV、TEV、TRSV和PVX；探索了防治烟草蚜传病毒病的较为有效的方法，通过物理阻断蚜虫法基本可以控制烟草病毒病的为害。研究开发了烟草病毒病抑制药剂。     

山东、河南烟草病毒病发生种类、发病规律研究

受干旱和异常气候的影响,目前逐年加重的烟草病毒病已成为北方地区烟草生产的制约因素.为进一步研究有效防治病毒病的途径,于2000～2002年对河南、山东主产烟区烟草病毒病的发病情况进行了详细调查和病毒种类检测.结果表明,PVY、CMV是危害该地区的主要病毒种类,TRSV近几年已经成为该地区又一重要病毒.结合烟草病毒病的发生规律,对烟草病毒病的防治对策及生产中急需解决的问题作了探讨.     

影响陕西烟草蚜传病毒病发生因子的研究

研究结果表明,陕西烟草蚜传病毒病的发生与有翅蚜的第一次迁飞期的长短、早晚和有翅蚜量均呈显正相关;同一烟草品种移栽越早,大田发病越重;不同烟草品种间存在不同的耐病性;越冬蚜量和越冬毒源似乎不是影响烟草蚜传病毒病的主要因素;有翅蚜的第二次迁飞与烟草蚜传病毒病的相关性不大。中还分析了影响陕西烟草蚜传病毒病的其它因素,如气象因素、栽培条件、烟草生长阶段抗病性、烟蚜的越冬寄主或中间寄主、烟蚜的天敌因素对烟草蚜传病毒病的影响。     

诱导植物提高抗病毒作用制剂防治烟草病毒病试验研究

具有诱导植物提高抗病毒作用的生物及化学激发子农药是新兴的生物农药,研究了几种具有诱导烟草提高抗病毒作用的生物及化学激发子对烟草花叶病毒病的盆栽和田间诱抗效果.结果表明,该类农药能显著诱导烟草抑制病毒病的发生和发展,对病毒病有较好的防治效果.     

烟草病毒病(CMV、PVY)药剂防治及挽回损失研究初报

对２种药剂防治烟草病毒病的效果进行了田间试验。结果表明，所试验药剂对烟草病毒病（ＣＭＶ、ＰＶＹ）均有一定的防治效果，其中植病灵Ⅱ６００倍液具有较好的防治效果，防效达４４．６％，每公顷可挽回经济损失３５０２．３９元。     

烟草病毒病介体昆虫的研究现状与展望

烟草病毒病历来是烟草生产中最难解决的问题之一。世界各产烟区都不同程度地有不同种类的病毒病发生。而几种严重威协烟叶生产的病毒病如黄瓜花叶病毒病(CMV)、烟草蚀纹病毒病(TEV)和马铃薯 Y 病毒病(PVY)都属虫传病毒。传毒介体昆虫在病毒的侵染过程中起极其重要的作用,因此,对介体昆虫的种类、生物学特性、传毒机理及综合防治的研究就显得十分重要。     

山东省烟草病毒病毒原鉴定

１９９６年鉴定出５种为害烟草的病毒，它们是马铃薯Ｙ病毒（ＰＶＹ）、黄瓜花叶病毒（ＣＭＶ）、烟草蚀纹病毒（ＴＥＶ）、普通花叶病毒（ＴＭＶ）、马铃薯Ｘ病毒（ＰＶＸ）。其中，烟草蚀纹病毒病（ＴＥＶ）和马铃薯Ｘ病毒病（ＰＶＸ）在山东烟区未见正式报道。烟草马铃薯Ｙ病毒病和烟草黄瓜花叶病毒病是当前生产上发病率较高、造成损失较大的两种病害；同时，黄瓜花叶病毒（ＣＭＶ）和马铃薯Ｙ病毒（ＰＶＹ）的复合侵染也是当前生产上亟待解决的主要问题。     

山东烟草病毒病发生特点及防治对策

对山东烟区烟草病毒病发生特点进行了分析,预测了未来几年烟草病毒病的发生趋势,并提出了烟草病毒病的防治方法。病毒病的防治应从改良品种、改善农业生态环境等方面着手,以改进农事操作方式方法、优化耕作制度为主,辅以少量低毒、低残留的农药进行系统综合防治,真正做到预防为主,综合防治。     

抗菌防臭涤纶及抗MPSA医用纺织品的开发

研制了含银、锌等金属离子的抗菌防臭涤纶短纤维,分析了该纤维的物理性能和抗菌性能.用该纤维开发了各种抗菌防臭纺织产品及抗MRSA医用纺织品,探讨了其应用前景.     

Heat stability in concentrated and non-concentrated milks--the effect of urea and beta-lactoglobulin levels and the influence of preheating.

Heat stability as a function of pH has been studied in concentrated and non-concentrated milk systems. The influence of preheating has also been examined. The concentration of beta-lactoglobulin has been shown to affect markedly the heat stability behaviour in both systems but with different characteristics. Increasing the level of urea resulted in increased heat stability in non-concentrated milks, but corresponding concentrated milks showed a small decrease in maximum heat stability. It has not been possible to extrapolate heat stability data from non-concentrated to concentrated milks.     

生物可降解高分子及其应用

介绍了生物可降解高分子材料的降解机理和降解性 ,以及生物可降解高分子材料在生物医学领域里的应用情况     

超微粉碎的理论、实践及其对食品工业发展的作用

分析了物料的粉碎特性和粉碎机理 ,定量地给出了粉碎过程中增加颗粒表面积所需的能量 ,从某种程度上指出了提高粉碎效率的途径 ;根据粉碎机理分类介绍了常用的超微粉碎方法以及超微粉碎技术对食品工业发展包括食物资源的充分利用、新型功能食品的开发、传统工艺的改进、改善食品品质、降低生产成本等方面的作用     

棕榈叶纤维特性和制浆造纸性能的试验研究

为了利用棕榈叶纤维资源，分析了棕榈叶的化学组成和纤维特性，进行了棕榈叶的硫酸盐法、烧碱-AQ法、中性亚硫酸盐法和碱性亚硫酸钠-AQ法制浆的试验，检测了蒸煮所得的4种纸浆的打浆性能和纸页的性质，并用中性亚钠-AQ浆与废纸浆配抄瓦楞原纸。试验结果表明，在优化棕榈叶蒸煮、打浆和配抄工艺的条件下，用棕榈叶浆配抄瓦楞原纸是可行的。     

Use and properties of perfluoropolymethyl-isopropylethers in skin and hair cleaning; system stabilization and interference with sebum redistribution on skin and hair

Perfluoro-polymethyl-isopropyl ethers (PPIE) are known for their low surface tension and spreading characteristics. Their use in detergent systems was difficult because of their insolubility in most fluids (except fluorinated ones), but microdispersions have been obtained with surfactant blends, the compositions of which minimize the interfacial tension. Thickeners have been tried in order to improve suspension stability during shelf life. Spreading of PPIE has been studied by using in vivo and in vitro evaluations, both on hair and on skin. Results are discussed, as these systems could improve greasy skin conditions and decrease the rebound effect.     

Determining obesity and its degree

A critical analysis has been made of different approaches to the notions "excessive body "weight" and "obesity". An original classification has been proposed for gradation of the body weight and obesity degrees. The findings obtained as a result of the examination of 300 normal males, aged up to 25 years, have been presented.     

2,5-diketopiperazines in food and beverages: Taste and bioactivity

2,5-Diketopiperazines (2,5-DKPs) have been found to occur in a wide range of food and beverages, and display an array of chemesthetic effects (bitter, astringent, metallic, and umami) that can contribute to the taste of a variety of foods. These smallest cyclic peptides also occur as natural products and have been found to display a variety of bioactivities from antibacterial, antifungal, to anthroprotective effects and have the potential to be used in the development of new functional foods. An overview of the synthesis of these small chiral molecules and their molecular properties is presented. The occurrence, taste, and bioactivity of all simple naturally occurring 2,5-DKPs to date have been reviewed and those found in food from yeasts, fungi, and bacteria that have been used in food preparation or contamination, as well as metabolites of sweeteners and antibiotics added to food are also reviewed.     

Aeromonas and Plesiomonas as food- and waterborne pathogens.

Aeromonas and Plesiomonas have become increasingly recognized as human enteropathogens. Plesiomonas shigelloides has mainly been recovered from various sea foods, whereas Aeromonas sp. have also been cultured from pigs, broilers, eggs, milk and vegetables. Aeromonas sp. also multiply rapidly at +4 degrees C which is a significant risk in food storage. Aeromonas sp. have furthermore been recovered from fresh water sources, and some isolates are resistant to chlorination which makes it a further risk factor. No large food- or waterborne outbreaks have been reported so far with Aeromonas sp. Various virulence factors involved in intestinal infections are described such as enterotoxins, cytotoxins, and adhesins.     

畜禽肉类质量档次化加工技术体系组成及国内外差异

中国畜禽肉类质量档次化加工利用技术体系构建与实施历时短暂，其体系建设与运行机制还有待完善。该文主要阐述了欧美发达国家畜禽肉类质量档次化加工利用技术体系组成、运行机制，分析了中国在该体系具体组成技术方面与运行机制方面于欧美发达国家存在的差距。