基于HACCP的乳制品供应链质量安全管控研究北大核心CSCD

在分析乳制品供应链流程的基础上,确定原奶生产、乳制品加工以及乳制品销售为关键控制点,结合HACCP管理体系分别制定了原奶HACCP计划表、乳制品生产加工HACCP计划表以及乳制品销售HACCP计划表,以期为乳制品供应链质量安全的监控提供理论参考和实践指导。     

江西:将开展乳制品质量提升三年行动

为进一步督促乳制品生产企业落实食品安全主体责任,提升乳制品质量安全水平,推动江西省乳制品产业高质量跨越式发展,江西省市场监管局决定从2021年-2023年在全省组织开展乳制品质量提升行动。此次乳制品质量安全提升行动的目标是:到2023年,乳制品质量安全监管法规标准体系更加完善,乳制品质量安全监管能力大幅提升。     

基于HACCP的乳制品供应链质量安全管控研究

在分析乳制品供应链流程的基础上,确定原奶生产、乳制品加工以及乳制品销售为关键控制点,结合HACCP管理体系分别制定了原奶HACCP计划表、乳制品生产加工HACCP计划表以及乳制品销售HACCP计划表,以期为乳制品供应链质量安全的监控提供理论参考和实践指导。     

呼和浩特市休闲和传统乳制品糊精掺入量检测调查

从呼和浩特市采集44份休闲和传统乳制品进行了糊精含量检测.25个声称使用糊精的休闲乳制品糊精含量为3-16g/100g;未声称添加糊精样品19份,其中,8份休闲乳制品和3份传统乳制品有糊精检出（0.6-13.6g/100g）;8份未检出糊精样品均为传统乳制品.呼市休闲乳制品糊精填充严重超过了改进品质目的,两类乳制品均有糊精掺假现象.这种低成本和鱼目混珠的生产经营不仅危害消费者利益,也严重破坏了传统乳制品市场.笔者认为,同液态奶和乳粉等大宗乳制品一样,我区、我国现代休闲和传统乳制品生产经营需要规范化,以促进这两类乳制品市场等健康发展、保护消费者权益.     

工信部:多项措施促乳业发展

<正> 近日,工业和信息化部在呼和浩特召开全国乳制品行业整顿和规范工作现场会。消费品工业司司长张莉在会上表示:要在乳制品行业加快建立生产者诚信体系,以加强乳制品生产者诚信为核心,培养乳制品生产者诚信意识,规范乳制品生产者生产经营行为,改善乳制品行业诚信环境。张莉说,要通过建立乳制品生产者诚     

乳制品安全问责机制研究——以内蒙古自治区为例

正内蒙古的乳制品在我国有着悠久的历史,目前我国的乳制品行业中内蒙古的乳制品占有较大的市场份额。2008年,我国出现震惊全国的乳制品污染事件,社会开始反思乳制品安全问责机制是否存在缺陷。内蒙古自治区为我国乳制品行业的集中地,分析其乳制品安全监管和问责机制的现状,对于我国乳制品安全和消费者利益有着重要意义。本文从内蒙古自治区的乳制品安全监管体系入手,分析乳制品安全问责机制在目前的法律体系和     

中外乳及乳制品法规与主要检测指标的比较分析

乳制品质量与安全是一个全球性的重要问题。许多国家纷纷采取立法、行政、司法以及提高检验技术等多种措施,以提高乳及乳制品的质量与安全。近年来,我国进口乳及乳制品的种类和数量与日俱增,但由于国内外法规与标准检测指标差异,导致进口乳制品“安全风险难以发现”、出口乳制品“遭受贸易技术壁垒”事件频发。为维护我国进出口乳制品企业和消费者合法权益,保障乳制品质量安全,亟需明确国内外乳制品法规与标准在检测指标方面的差异,提升检测方法的针对性和准确度。本文对我国乳制品的标准现状、我国与主要贸易国在乳制品质量与安全方面主要检测指标的差异进行了比较分析,指出了中外乳制品法规、检测指标和限量值的不同,并对我国乳制品法规、检测指标及限量值等标准的改进给出了建议,以期为我国全面科学地优化进出口乳及乳制品法规提供参考。     

功能性牛乳成分研究及产品标准探讨

对牛乳中主要的生物活性成分进行了阐述,对牛初乳和以发酵乳制品为代表的功能性乳制品的特点进行了综述。分析了功能性牛乳制品发展过程中存在的主要问题,对制定功能型牛乳制品标准的必要性进行了分析,提出了功能性牛乳制品标准的主要内容。     

新西兰乳制品质量安全监管体系及相关标准法规综述

本文从新西兰乳制品质量安全监管体系构成开始,分析和借鉴负责乳制品质量安全监管的各个机构及其职能,并对新西兰乳制品现行的相关标准法规构成进行了剖析。最后,为我国的乳制品监管体系提出了一些可行的建议,对我国乳制品监管体系的发展有着重要的切实意义。     

四川省成都市农村居民乳制品消费行为影响因素研究

随着人民生活水平提升和消费需求不断升级,中国乳制品销售量逐年上升,但乳制品消费量仍处于未饱和状态,乳制品市场空间巨大,尤其是农村市场。四川是中国重要的消费大省,农村人口比例大、人均乳制品消费量低,乳制品市场潜力巨大。本文在调研成都市农村居民乳制品消费情况的基础上,采用相关分析、多元logistic回归分析等方法,系统探讨影响成都市农村居民乳制品消费行为的主要因素。研究结果表明,乳制品安全事件是影响成都市农村居民乳制品消费行为的主导因素,消费观念、乳制品营养价值、购买乳制品方便程度、乳制品品牌对成都市农村居民乳制品消费行为也具有显著影响。最后提出加强宣传教育,培育乳品消费观念;提高企业品牌声誉,不断强化品牌价值;建立全产业链可追溯体系,保证乳制品质量安全;加强乳制品产品线的延伸,满足不断变化的消费需求;完善乳制品营销渠道体系建设,提升消费者购买便利性等对策建议,以期为乳制品企业在四川农村市场的开展提供决策参考依据。     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

Fungicides in forestry in Great Britain

In Great Britain, fungicides are used in the forest only for the control of root and stem rot, caused by Fames annosus. In forest nurseries they are erriployed on a small scale to control damping-off, grey mould (Botrytis cinerea), needle-cast of pine caused by Lophodermium pinastri, needle-cast of larch caused by Meria laricis, needle blight of Western red cedar (Thuja plicata) caused by Didymascella thujina, and oak mildew (Microsphaera alphitoides).