生物复合酶脱墨剂废新闻纸脱墨的应用研究

利用生物复合酶与配伍脱墨剂JFX对废新闻纸进行了脱墨性能的研究结果表明,嘉丰生物复合酶脱墨剂在低成本的脱墨工艺下就达到了与传统的碱法化学脱墨工艺相当的脱墨效果,且浮选过程脱墨浆纤维得率提高5.23%,废水CODcr、BOD5分别下降了74.56 mg/L和41.66 mg/L,且成浆的物理性能也优于化学法,可以在工业生产上推广应用。     

稳定性二氧化氯在废纸脱墨中的应用

针对碱性脱墨的缺点及ClO2的优点，利用ClO2与表面活性剂复配，研制出了在中性条件下有良好脱墨效果的脱墨剂。其最佳工艺条件为：ClO2用量0．6％，SAA用量1．0％，pH6～7，Na2SiO3用量2．5％，EDTA用量0，2％。在此工艺条件下，对报纸脱墨所测得浆料白度为57．4％ISO，对书本纸脱墨所测得白度为62．8％ISO。     

复合酶用于废纸浆脱墨

以纤维素酶、酯酶等组成的复合酶对美废纸浆进行脱墨,得到了美废纸浆脱墨优化的工艺条件为:碎浆浓度12.5%,碎浆时间20min,碎浆温度35～40℃,pH8～9,吨纸复合酶用量200g和吨纸助剂用量800g。在此工艺条件下,#3美废纸浆经脱墨后纸浆白度达到43.5%,纸浆白度高于化学脱墨。     

混合办公废纸和旧报纸在中试规模下的酶法脱墨

采用纤维素酶和聚木糖酶的混合物分别对混合办公废纸（MOW）和旧报纸（ONP）进行脱墨,评价了酶法脱墨的效果,并对酶法脱墨工艺进行优化。MOW和ONP进行酶法脱墨的最佳条件有所不同,在最佳条件下,MOW和ONP脱墨浆的最高白度分别为83．6％和41,9％,脱墨效率分别为6．0％和6．3％叠i采用化学法对MOW和饼ONP进行脱墨时,脱墨效率分别为2．9％和3．5％。常规化学法很难使MOW脱墨,酶法适用于MOW的脱墨。     

水性油墨新闻纸洗涤脱墨工艺探讨

本文对水性油墨废纸洗涤脱墨工艺的影响因素进行了研究。结果表明，水性油墨废纸洗涤脱墨的最优条件为：浆浓8％，碎浆温度50℃，碎浆时间10min，pH=7，脱墨剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯（7）醚（AEO-7）用量0．6％。在此条件下，洗涤法脱墨可以提高脱墨浆白度6．5％ISO，使残余油墨量下降了950．2mg/kg。AEO-7的洗涤脱墨效果优于六偏磷酸钠和十二烷基磺酸钠。     

脂肪酶用于废报纸脱墨的研究

研究了脂肪酶对废报纸的脱墨作用，优化了脂肪酶脱墨的工艺条件，并与两种化学脱墨剂的脱墨效果进行了比较。结果表明脂肪酶的脱墨效果优于化学脱墨剂，对纤维强度没有负面影响。H2O2漂白后，脂肪酶脱墨浆的返黄值低于化学脱墨浆。     

复合酶用于旧报纸脱墨的研究

以纤维素酶、木聚糖酶和蛋白酶等组成的复合酶对旧报纸进行脱墨,得到了废纸脱墨优化的工艺条件为:酶用量0.21U/g,碎浆浓度15%,脱墨时间35min.按此工艺条件进行验证实验,脱墨浆的油墨残留量为34mm2/g、白度71.96%SBD,得率91%,抗张指数33.70N·m/g,撕裂指数2.80mN·m2/g.用此复合酶进行脱墨,不但能大大降低油墨的残留,也能提高纸浆的白度,并且脱墨浆得率较高,实现了脱墨、漂白的双重功能.     

纤维素酶、脂肪酶和淀粉酶共同用于彩色书刊画报纸脱墨初试

在纤维素酶、脂肪酶、淀粉酶共同用于彩色书刊画报纸脱墨试验中，采用正交试验方法。就三种酶的不同用量对脱墨效果的影响进行了探索，初步确定了脱墨工艺参数。结果表明在选用10％的浆浓，纤维素酶100μ／g，脂肪酶150μ／g，淀粉酶200μ／g。脱墨反应60min可使脱墨浆白度达到67．3％ISO。脱墨率为61．7％。     

国内废新闻纸高效脱墨剂的研究

使用AEO-9和TX-10、马来酸酐、亚硫酸钠及丙烯酸为原料研制了一种针对国内废新闻纸的高效脱墨剂。通过实验得出最佳工艺条件为：NaOH用量3．0％,Na2SiO3用量5．0％,脱墨剂C用量0．5％（以上比例均对绝干浆）。实验结果表明,自制脱墨剂的脱墨效果优于部分市售脱墨剂。     

脂肪酶用于混合办公废纸脱墨的研究

混合办公废纸（MOW）有较高的回收利用价值，但目前传统的碱性脱墨体系对其脱墨能力较弱，脱墨效率低下。故本文利用脂肪酶用于MOW的脱墨，讨论其最优脱墨工艺条件，分析其脱墨效率。研究发现脂肪酶Lipasefrom Candida rugosa的脱墨效率为86．0％，成纸白度为80．22％ISO、脂肪酶Lipase from porcine pancreas的脱墨效率为91．13％，成纸白度为83．08％ISO。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.