分光光度法测定黑曲霉孢子浓度的研究

采用分光光度计测定黑曲霉（Aspergillus niger）xj在不同生长期、不同稀释倍数下孢子悬液的OD600 nm值,对比血球板计数法得到的孢子悬液浓度,研究在对数期和稳定期OD600 nm值与孢子浓度之间的关系;采用微电影拍摄法观察黑曲霉xj产孢结构形成过程,并绘制固体发酵条件下的生长曲线。结果表明,在10～20倍稀释区间内,稀释倍数与OD600 nm值之间呈现良好线性关系（对数期R2 =0.984 8、稳定期R2 =0.991 3）,且OD600 nm值与孢子浓度之间也保持良好的线性关系（对数期R2 =0.995 3、稳定期R2 =0.993 6）;通过微电影拍摄法观察到黑曲霉xj产孢结构形成是分阶段进行的过程;在固体发酵过程中,孢子浓度呈现“S”型增长趋势。该研究为测定丝状真菌孢子浓度提供另一种可借鉴的方法。     

一种快速测定透明质酸浓度的分光光度法

阿利新蓝染料和透明质酸形成复合物后，其吸收程度发生了差异，这种变化与透明质酸浓度０～２５７μｇ范围内有良好的线性关系。本法操作简便、快速、重现性好，准确度和回收率分别为２．３％和９６．３％～１０２％。     

分光光度法测定食品中的蛋白质

应用分光光度法测定食品中的蛋白质,操作简单,适合于大批样品的同时测定,检验所得结果与凯氏蒸馏法相比无显著性差异。     

分光光度法测定硒的最新进展

评述了分光光度法测定环境、食品和药物等中硒的最新研究进展，引用文献46篇。     

分光光度法测定甜蜜素

目的:探讨分光光度法测定甜蜜素的方法.方法:将甜蜜素中的氮转化为铵,在碱性条件下与水杨酸钠-次氯酸钠反应生成蓝色物质,用分光光度法测定吸光度进行定量.结果:吸光值与甜蜜素的含量在一定浓度范围内成正比,最大吸收波长为658 nm,甜蜜素在0～16 μg/mL范围内符合比耳定律,相对标准偏差2.74%～3.94%,平均回收率为94.12%～96.04%.结论:方法准确可靠、易于掌握,适宜饮料、蜜饯等食品的测定.     

分光光度法测定胭脂红酸的研究

建立了分光光度法检测胭脂红酸的方法。结果表明,pH4．0浓度为1．0mol／L的磷酸钠缓冲液较适宜作胭脂红酸的溶解剂,胭脂红酸在1．251xg／mL～160μg／mL的浓度范围内的吸光度值线性相关系数达0．9997,方法回收率为104％～110％,平均相对标准偏差为0．78％－2．13％。     

分光光度法测定芦丁条件的研究

利用总黄酮类化合物与铝离子生成有色络合物,其吸收强度与络合物浓度成正比来测定芦丁,从试验中选择对芦丁测定的最佳入射光波长、pH值、显色时间、显色剂用量,并通过这4个因素的相互作用,利用正交试验得到最佳的分析条件为A1C3D2B1,即λmax=480nm,显色时间5min～15min,显色剂用量为5mL,pH12为最佳组合条件.     

分光光度法测定混合酸性染料溶液中各染料浓度

对九组由不同结构酸性染料以不同比例两两拚混的染液进行了分光光度法测定，并把测定值与实配值进行了对比     

高浓度柠檬酸对酿酒酵母生长的抑制效应

在果酒酿造过程中,酿酒酵母会面临果实中有机酸尤其柠檬酸的胁迫。 该研究系统地考察了酿酒酵母（Saccharomyces cere- visiae）EC1118和2323在酵母膏蛋白胨葡萄糖液体培养基中的生长情况,在3种不同柠檬酸浓度和pH值培养条件下,分析两种酿酒酵 母的生长曲线,揭示柠檬酸对酿酒酵母生长抑制的机制。 结果表明,高浓度柠檬酸（0.10～0.40 mol/L）会抑制酿酒酵母生长;pH值≤2.80 时,酿酒酵母的生长均受到抑制。高浓度柠檬酸的抑制效应是氢离子和柠檬酸根的叠加影响,而且柠檬酸根的影响占主导。该研究结 果将为进一步解除有机酸对酿酒酵母抑制效应以及果酒研制提供一定参考。     

啤酒酵母硫化氢生成量测定方法的研究

建立了一种啤酒酵母硫化氢生成量的测定方法.以pH为6.0的乙酸锌溶液作吸收液,采用250mL三角瓶进行发酵时,最适的发酵系统为:装液量150mL,发酵温度24℃,麦汁初始pH5.0,接种量6%.此方法可用于定量比较不同酵母菌株的硫化氢生成量.     

Expression of recombinant platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

A platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor cDNA has been cloned, sequenced and expressed using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae PRB1 promoter. Soluble recombinant platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor constituted 0.5-1.0% of total soluble protein. Yeast soluble protein extracts containing recombinant platelet-derived endothelial cell growth factor stimulate the growth of calf pulmonary artery endothelial cells in vitro.     

酿酒酵母发酵生产谷胱甘肽的研究

以诱变获得的酿酒酵母突变株YF(ZnCl2r,Ethr)为试验菌株,通过摇瓶发酵、发酵罐补料分批发酵,对突变株发酵生产谷胱甘肽进行研究.确定发酵罐分批发酵的最佳培养条件为:温度30℃,pH 6.0,接种量为20%,搅拌转速为150 r/min,通气量为250 L/h.在补料分批操作方式下,分别考察了摇瓶培养、发酵罐培养...     

Bioconversion of heptanal to heptanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is widely known for its catalytic activity on substrates such as aldehyde and ketone. Interestingly, the activity of S. cerevisiae on heptanal (C₆H₁₃CHO), in spite of its being a very common aldehyde, has not been explored. The main objective of this study was therefore to investigate the bioconversion of heptanal, using a strain of the yeast S. cerevisiae. Bioconversion parameters such as incubation period, pH, concentration of substrate, yeast and maltose were also optimized. The study revealed heptanol as the major product. The optimum conditions for biotransformation were found to be: 3 days incubation; pH 7.0; heptanal concentration 0.15 ml/100 ml medium; and S. cerevisiae concentration of 0.15 g/100 ml medium. Reduction in maltose content (to 0.3 g maltose/100 ml medium) showed increased conversion of heptanal. Heptanoic acid and 2‐hydroxyheptanoic acid were obtained as two minor co‐products. The overall study showed that S. cerevisiae converted heptanal to heptanol by a yield of 68.9 ± 1.1% w/w under optimum conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

HXT5 expression is determined by growth rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, hexose transporter (Hxt) proteins transport glucose across the plasma membrane. The Hxt proteins are encoded by a multigene family with 20 members, of which Hxt1-4p and Hxt6-7p are the major hexose transporters. The remaining Hxt proteins have other or unknown functions. In this study, expression of HXT5 under different experimental set-ups is determined. In glucose-grown batch cultures, HXT5 is expressed prior to glucose depletion. Independent of the carbon source used in batch cultures, HXT5 is expressed after 24 h of growth and during growth on ethanol or glycerol, which indicates that growth on glucose is not necessary for expression of HXT5. Increasing the temperature or osmolarity of the growth medium also induces expression of HXT5. In fed-batch cultures, expression of HXT5 is only observed at low glucose consumption rates, independent of the extracellular glucose concentration. The only common parameter in these experiments is that an increase of HXT5 expression is accompanied by a decrease of the growth rate of cells. To determine whether HXT5 expression is determined by the growth rate, cells were grown in a nitrogen-limited continuous culture, which enables modulation of only the growth rate of cells. Indeed, HXT5 is expressed only at low dilution rates. Therefore, our results indicate that expression of HXT5 is regulated by growth rates of cells, rather than by extracellular glucose concentrations, as is the case for the major HXTs. A possible function for Hxt5p and factors responsible for increased expression of HXT5 upon low growth rates is discussed.     

Exclusion of Saccharomyces kudriavzevii from a wine model system mediated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

This study investigated the competition and potential hybrid generation between the species Saccharomyces cerevisiae and S. kudriavzevii in a wine-model environment. Our main goal was to understand why S. kudriavzevii has not been found in wine fermentations whilst their hybrids are present. Auxotrophic mutants (Ura(-) and Lys(-)) were used to favour the selection of hybrids and to specifically differentiate the two species in mixed fermentations carried out at different temperatures (17 °C, 24 °C and 31 °C). Both yeasts showed a reduction in their maximum specific growth rates in mixed fermentations, indicating a clear antagonistic effect between the two microorganisms. Temperature played an important role in this competition. In this way, S. kudriavzevii was less affected at 17 °C, but S. cerevisiae was clearly the best competitor at 31 °C, preventing the growth of S. kudriavzevii. Population levels of S. kudriavzevii always significantly decreased in the presence of S. cerevisiae. Ethanol was measured throughout the fermentations and in all cases S. kudriavzevii growth was arrested when ethanol levels were < 5 g/l, indicating that this compound did not influence the competitive exclusion of S. kudriavzevii. Killer factors were also discarded due to the K(-) R(-) phenotype of both strains. Finally, no prototrophic interspecific hybrids were isolated in small-scale fermentations at any temperature assayed. Our results show that the lack of competitiveness exhibited by S. kudriavzevii, especially at high temperatures, explains the absence of this species in wine fermentations, suggesting that natural S. cerevisiae × S. kudriavzevii hybrids most likely originated in wild environments rather than in industrial fermentations.     

肉桂醛诱导酿酒酵母Persisters细胞的形成

本文研究了肉桂醛对酿酒酵母persister细胞形成的影响。通过96孔板微量法测定肉桂醛对酿酒酵母生长的最小抑制浓度(MIC)为0.4 m M;采用流式细胞仪以及梯度稀释滴平板计数法研究了肉桂醛处理后酿酒酵母persister细胞的形成情况。结果表明,肉桂醛可以抑制酿酒酵母生长,且能够诱导酿酒酵母细胞形成persister状态,该状态下的细胞对两性霉素B产生耐药性。进一步研究发现肉桂醛处理后可以使酿酒酵母细胞停滞在细胞周期的任何阶段,而雷帕霉素诱导的细胞自噬只能停留在G1期,所以酿酒酵母perisister与自噬状态存在区别。目前,对于Persister的研究集中在原核微生物,对真核生物persister的研究非常有限。由于persister群体通常占总群体极小一部分,这就给基因水平上研究persister的形成机制带来很大的挑战。本研究发现肉桂醛处理酿酒酵母细胞后,可以促使其大部分细胞形成persister。这就为从基因水平上认识真核生物persister的形成机制提供了方法,实验结果表明YGL基因也与酿酒酵母persister的形成有很大关系。     

甲酸对酿酒酵母的细胞毒性

研究甲酸对酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)GGSF16的毒害作用,测定不同质量浓度甲酸对酿酒酵母生长代谢的影响,结果表明,甲酸质量浓度为1.8 g/L时能够明显抑制酵母细胞的生长和降低乙醇产量,延长细胞发酵周期;酵母细胞外的核酸、蛋白质和丙二醛含量分别是对照组的1.4、1.67倍和5.3倍,...