基于螺旋挤压-GVL/水/酸两步预处理的溶解浆联产糠醛和木质素

针对目前溶解浆生产过程中存在的半纤维素和木质素利用率低、溶解浆质量有待提升等问题,本研究基于螺旋挤压耦合γ-戊内酯（GVL）/水/酸预处理,提出绿色环保的溶解浆联产糠醛和木质素的工艺。结果表明,桉木经螺旋挤压-GVL/水/酸两步预处理（150 ℃下反应1.5 h）,蒸煮用碱量8%,漂白工艺OQP₁P₂,制备出α-纤维素含量为96.5%、白度为84.0%的高品质溶解浆;水解液分离木质素后,以甲基异丁基酮（MIBK）/H₂O-NaCl为催化体系,商业离子交换树脂为催化剂,于180 ℃下催化木糖水解液2 h,糠醛最大得率为96.0%;GVL木质素S/G比为4.81,保留一定含量的β-O-4键（22.6%）。经物料衡算,每100 g桉木可生产37.2 g溶解浆、6.2 g糠醛（理论值10.2 g）和16.4 g的GVL木质素。     

响应面法优化Fenton氧化预处理杨木的研究

在单因素实验的基础上，以Fenton氧化预处理得率和纤维素酶解过程中葡萄糖得率为考察指标，通过中心组合-响应面法优化得到Fenton氧化预处理杨木的最佳条件为：H₂O₂/FeCl₃（体积比）=10%、pH值2.5、FeCl₃浓度50 mmol/L；在此条件下，葡萄糖得率可达51.4%。响应面分析表明，FeCl₃浓度对Fenton氧化预处理杨木葡萄糖得率的影响最显著，H₂O₂/FeCl₃对脱木质素影响最显著。Fenton氧化预处理脱除了杨木中部分木质素，但木质素的脱除率与葡萄糖得率之间没有直接关系。另外，Fenton氧化预处理后，杨木纤维素的结晶度和比表面积分别提高了12.8%和80.2%，其中比表面积的提高有利于促进纤维素的酶降解，这也是Fenton氧化预处理提高杨木酶解性能的机理之一。     

过渡金属硫酸盐协同Pd/C高效定向降解木质素的研究

以改善当前木质素催化降解存在的降解产物可控性较差、小分子化合物总收率较低、均一化程度不足、难以进一步开发利用等问题为目标，采用过渡金属硫酸盐NiSO₄·6H₂O协同Pd/C催化降解玉米芯酶解木质素，考察了过渡金属离子、反应温度、反应时间、NiSO₄·6H₂O与Pd/C协同作用等对木质素降解率的影响，并分析了降解产物的分布和催化作用机理。结果表明，NiSO₄·6H₂O可有效提高Pd/C对木质素的催化降解效率，如木质素降解率相较于单独使用Pd/C催化降解时提高14.5%，小分子化合物总收率提高39.9%，其中，酚类化合物的得率提高88.6%，且产物的均一化程度提高了35.8%；分析表明，由于NiSO₄·6H₂O的路易斯酸特性和镍离子的高电负性，木质素的醚键可有效地在Pd/C和NiSO₄·6H₂O酸性催化中心上发生裂解，并通过加氢反应，定向生成以酚类为主体的中间产物。     

石英纤维的表面改性及分散特性研究

本研究通过对石英纤维进行酸/碱溶液和表面活性剂结合的预处理方式,改善其在水中的分散性,重点研究了酸溶液、碱溶液、表面活性剂的种类及浓度对石英纤维分散特性的影响。结果表明,预处理后的石英纤维具有良好的分散特性,其湿法成形的纸张（石英纸）表面平整、无明显纤维絮聚成团。通过H₂SO₄和聚氧化乙烯（PEO）2种预处理方式的结合,石英纤维在水中的分散性较佳。当H₂SO₄的pH值为3、PEO的质量浓度为0.1 g/L时,预处理后的石英纤维在水中的分散性最佳,石英纸的匀度指数可达89.1,较未处理原纤维抄造的石英纸匀度指数（222.6）降低了60%。     

荧光增白剂在高得率浆漂白中的两种应用方式探讨

介绍了荧光增白剂(OBA)在高得率浆H₂O₂漂白中的两种应用方式,即“漂中加入OBA”和“漂后加入OBA”;探讨高得率浆的“H₂O₂/OBA”漂白工艺与传统H₂O₂漂白工艺的优缺点。结果表明,与高得率浆传统的H₂O₂“化学漂白”相比,这种“H₂O₂/OBA”的“化学/物理”漂（增）白相结合的方式更能保持高得率浆的特性;“漂中加入OBA”的方式要优于“漂后加入OBA”的方式。     

杨木APMP制浆化学预处理废液中有机物的分析

研究了不同化学预处理条件对APMP废液中木素和糖类物质浓度的影响。结果表明,化学预处理过程中化学药剂NaOH用量、H₂O₂用量和Na₂SiO₃用量对化学预处理废液中木素和糖类物质浓度的变化有不同影响,影响程度由大到小依次为NaOH用量＞H₂O₂用量＞Na₂SiO₃用量,其中NaOH用量和H₂O2用量对木素和糖类物质浓度的变化有重要影响,Na₂SiO₃用量无明显影响。化学预处理温度对化学预处理废液中木素和糖类物质浓度的影响程度明显大于化学预处理时间。在化学预处理过程中,NaOH用量、H₂O₂用量和化学预处理温度是影响杨木APMP制浆化学预处理废液中木素和糖类物质浓度的重要因素。     

响应面法优化O3/H2O2组合工艺处理制浆中段废水的研究

本研究为提高臭氧（O₃）氧化处理制浆中段废水的COD去除率,以广西某造纸厂制浆中段废水为研究对象,采用O₃/H₂O₂组合工艺对其进行高级氧化处理。分别探究了废水初始pH值、O₃用量、H₂O₂用量、反应时间和搅拌速度等影响因素对废水色度和COD去除效果的影响。为提高最优工艺参数的精确度,对O₃/H₂O₂组合工艺参数进行响应面优化法分析。结果表明,在废水初始pH值=8、H₂O₂用量为1.0 mL/L、O₃用量为480 mg/L的工艺条件下,废水色度为85.7倍,色度去除率为99.3%;COD_Cr达208.2 mg/L,COD_Cr去除率为84.5%。     

乳酸菌发酵接骨木果汁降血糖与抗氧化活性机理

为探究乳酸菌发酵对接骨木果汁抗氧化活性的影响,通过测定DPPH自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基清除率和细胞抗氧化实验比较接骨木果汁发酵前后抗氧化活性的变化。实验结果显示,接骨木果汁发酵后对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力提高,对α-葡萄糖苷酶和α-淀粉酶的抑制能力也增加,证明发酵果汁具有降血糖活性。HepG2细胞分别使用发酵前后酚类物质预处理24 h后再用H₂O₂刺激,发现HepG2细胞中总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活力均高于对照组,乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）相对释放率高于空白组,但远远低于对照组,细胞中活性氧的积累降低,并且血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）、醌氧化还原酶-1（NQO1）以及谷氨酸半胱氨酸连接酶催化亚基（GCLC）相关抗氧化酶的基因表达量在仅用H₂O₂处理后的HepG2细胞中降低,而在发酵前后分别经质量浓度为200 μg/mL和300 μg/mL酚类物质预处理的HepG2细胞中明显提高,表明接骨木果汁中的酚类化合物降低了H₂O₂对HepG2细胞的氧化损伤程度。由此可见,接骨木果汁发酵前后抗氧化能力发生变化的原因可能是在酚类化合物的作用下提高了HepG2细胞中HO-1、NQO1和GCLC的基因表达水平,因此说明果汁发酵后提高了对细胞的保护作用。     

石墨烯促进Fenton氧化处理制浆中段废水的研究

以制浆中段废水为研究对象，首先采用正交实验研究了石墨烯促进Fenton氧化的各影响因素间的显著程度，然后通过单因素实验研究了废水pH值、石墨烯加入量以及H₂O₂加入量对废水处理效果的影响。结果表明，石墨烯促进Fenton氧化的各影响因素间的显著程度为废水pH值>石墨烯加入量>H₂O₂加入量>n（Fe²⁺）∶n（H₂O₂）；加入石墨烯后，Fenton反应的最佳pH值由4提高至6；石墨烯最佳加入量为3 mg/L；随着H₂O₂的不断加入，制浆中段废水降解效果先不断升高而后趋于平稳，H₂O₂的最佳加入量为7 mL/L。Fenton反应体系符合一级反应动力学方程，加入石墨烯的Fenton反应速率常数k为0.0632 min-1，比传统Fenton反应速率常数大，表明制浆中段废水的降解速率明显加快。     

高级氧化集成技术深度处理造纸废水工艺研究

本课题介绍一种活性炭吸附+芬顿氧化+臭氧催化氧化的高级氧化集成技术,并将其应用于造纸废水处理。结果表明,最佳处理条件为：活性炭添加量为0.5 g/L,吸附时间30 min,COD_Cr去除率达60%;芬顿氧化工艺处理活性炭吸附出水时,H₂O₂添加量为0.25 g/L,n(Fe²⁺):n(H₂O₂)=1:4、反应时间为1 h,COD_Cr去除率最高可达到32%;臭氧催化氧化处理芬顿氧化出水时,臭氧浓度为10%,H₂O₂加入量为0.1 g/L,气液比为2:1,反应时间为1.0 h,去除效果最佳。该高级氧化集成技术可将废水COD_Cr从180 mg/L降至25 mg/L,去除率为86.1%;达到地表水准Ⅳ类,综合运行成本为8.9元/t。     

Review of techniques to manufacture micro-hydrogel particles for the food industry and their applications

Microgels are ‘soft’ microscopic cross-linked polymeric particles that are being increasingly exploited in a variety of industries for rheology control, encapsulation and targeted delivery. They are valued because of the ability to tune their functionality to address specific applications in oil recovery, coatings, drug delivery, cosmetics, personal care and foods. Food microgels are typically biopolymer hydrogels in the form of microspheres, nanospheres (also called nanogels), spheroids and fibres. The utilisation of engineered microgels in foods has so far been limited, despite their great potential to address several needs in the food industry, including: satiety control, encapsulation of phytonutrients and prebiotics, texture control for healthier food formulations (e.g. reduced fat products), and targeting delivery to specific areas in the digestive tract. We review the scientific and patent literature on the utilisation and manufacturing methods for producing microgels with an emphasis on micro-hydrogels for food applications.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

12—A CRITIQUE OF SOME HYPOTHESES RELATING TO THE HETEROGENEITY OF THE HIGH-SULPHUR PROTEINS OF WOOL

Joubert and Burns prepared a large number of fractions from the high-sulphur proteins of wool and estimated their molecular weights and amino-acid compositions. Their data have been re-examined in order to look for statistically significant interrelations between amino acids and between the proportion of various amino acids and molecular weight. Statistical analysis of the data is also used to examine the credibility of some hypotheses concerning the mechanism of keratin biosynthesis and to provide further evidence for the existence of families of proteins within the high-sulphur fractions of wool.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of     

The Latest Data about Development of Chinese Printing Industry in 2013

In the 2014 China（Shanghai）International Printing Week,Director Wang Yanbin released the latest data about development of Chinese printing industry in 2013.According to statistics,in 2013,the total output value of Chinese printing industry exceeded 1trillion Yuan for the first time,reaching 1.03985 trillion Yuan.There were 105,000 printing enterprises in China,employees were 3.415 million.The total asset was 1.06247 trillion Yuan;     

The State Council Issued "Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"

正On December 2nd,2013,the State Council issued the notification of"Directory of Government Approved Investment Projects(2013 Edition)"(hereafter referred to as"notification").It is pointed out in the"notification"that in order to further deepen reforms in investment systems and administrative examination and approval systems,simplify administrative procedures and delegate powers to lower levels,earnestly     

China textile machinery: taking off in progress

正Among the 1600 exhibitors who take apart in the ITMA ASIA+CITME2014 2/3 are Chinese manufactures.If the numerous figures failed to attract your attention,the increase of quality should draw your focus.To adopt the demand of developing textile machine market,domestic textile machinery enterprises now follow the slogan of"technology drives development"to enhance product competitiveness.Our domestic sellers will showcase product ranging from spinning,weaving,dyeing and printing,     

Top Ten News of China's Paper Industry 2013

On December 24th, 2013, the meeting on the selection of top 10 news of China＇s paper industry 2013 sponsored by 〈China Paper Newsletters〉 was held in Beijing. The yearly selection of the top l0 news, which began in 2000, has become a brand activity widely recognized in the industry thanks to the support from the authorities at all levels and public participation.     

National Development and Reform Commission Issued Announcement for Selection of Major Preliminary Research Projects for the "13~(th) Five-Year Plan"

In Apri Commi major p Plan＂ （h 2014, the National Development and Reform ssion issued an announcement for selection of reliminary research projects for the ＂13th Five-Year ereafter referred to as ＂The Announcement＂）     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the latest scientific