MoS2/g-C3N4复合纳米催化剂光催化深度处理造纸废水研究

本研究采用N-甲基吡咯烷酮复合MoS₂与g-C₃N₄,制得MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合纳米催化剂。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）、光致发光光谱仪（PL）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对复合纳米催化剂进行表征,并利用MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合纳米催化剂光催化深度处理造纸废水。结果表明,少量MoS₂与g-C₃N₄复合可提高复合光催化剂的光催化活性,反应时间180 min、pH值5、1.5% MoS₂/g-C₃N₄复合纳米催化剂投加量为2 g/L时,对造纸废水的COD_Cr去除率和色度去除率最高,分别达到63.4%和83.2%。MoS₂/g-C₃N₄的光催化活性有所增强是由于MoS₂与g-C₃N₄的能带结构匹配,降低了光生电子-空穴的复合几率,从而提高了催化剂的光催化活性。     

Al2O3负载ZnO催化臭氧氧化处理造纸废水的研究

将ZnO负载在Al₂O₃上，制备用于催化臭氧降解造纸废水中有机物的催化剂（Al₂O₃@ZnO）；采用场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对Al₂O₃@ZnO催化剂进行物相分析；研究了造纸废水的初始pH值、反应时间和催化剂用量对Al₂O₃@ZnO催化臭氧氧化处理造纸废水效果的影响；并进行了自由基捕集剂叔丁醇实验，以探讨降解造纸废水中有机物的主要因素。结果表明，本研究成功制备了具有良好催化性能的Al₂O₃@ZnO催化剂；在造纸废水初始pH值为11、催化剂用量为2.0 g/L、反应时间为60 min的条件下，Al₂O₃@ZnO催化剂对造纸废水中COD_Cr的去除率可达到84.6％，与单独使用臭氧氧化方法相比，COD_Cr去除率明显提高，且COD_Cr的动力学降解反应遵循准一级动力学方程；叔丁醇的实验结果表明，在Al₂O₃@ZnO催化臭氧氧化处理造纸废水有机物的过程中，羟基自由基是降解废水有机物的主要因素。     

化学沉淀法制备二氧化钛复合填料及其在装饰原纸中应用

以滑石粉为基体,硫酸钛为钛源,尿素为沉淀剂,硝酸锌（Zn(NO₃)₂）为晶型促进剂,采用化学沉淀法制备金红石型二氧化钛（TiO₂）,并沉积在滑石粉表面,制备TiO₂/滑石粉复合填料。结果表明,TiO₂/滑石粉复合填料的最佳制备条件为：滑石粉悬浮液质量分数5%、水解温度80 ℃、pH值=1.7、陈化时间3.0 h、硫酸钛溶液浓度0.25 mol/L、滴加速度3 mL/min、煅烧温度800 ℃。当其加填量为30%时,获得的装饰原纸的不透明度和白度最高,分别为97.3%和84.5%,与加填TiO₂纸张性能接近,可以替代TiO₂应用在装饰原纸中。     

活性炭吸附结合TiO2光催化分离纯化杨木预水解液中的木糖

利用活性炭吸附和TiO₂光催化降解脱除杨木预水解液中的溶解木素,探讨了不同活性炭类型（木质基磷酸活化活性炭、食品质303活性炭、煤质活性炭）、活性炭用量、吸附时间、光催化时间、TiO₂用量对预水解液中木素、总木糖、糠醛、羟甲基糠醛（5-HMF）以及乙酸等有机组分含量的影响,优化确定了活性炭吸附和TiO₂光催化降解条件。研究结果表明,木质基磷酸活化活性炭对木素的吸附脱除效果最好,在活性炭用量为1.0%和吸附时间为10 min时,总木糖得率为93.1%,木素、糠醛、5-HMF、乙酸脱除率分别为75.1%、29.3%、22.4%、3.5%。单一TiO₂光催化处理,在TiO₂用量1.0%和光催化时间10 h条件下,总木糖得率为89.0%,木素、糠醛、5-HMF、乙酸脱除率分别为40.2%、24.2%、32.1%、3.1%。活性炭协同TiO₂光催化处理预水解液的较优工艺条件为：木质基磷酸活化活性炭用量1.0%、光催化时间6 h和TiO₂用量0.1%~0.5%,此条件下预水解液中木素的脱除率为84.4%~86.7%,总木糖得率为88.2%~89.8%,糠醛脱除率为53.8%~65.1%,5-HMF脱除率为48.6%~51.7%,乙酸含量变化不明显 。     

高得率竹浆漂白中乙醇对H2O2分解规律的影响

本研究采用气量法研究了乙醇介质抑制H₂O₂无效分解的机理和提高高得率竹浆漂白的效果。主要探讨了乙醇质量分数、反应温度等参数对分解反应速率常数（k）和反应活化能（Ea）的影响规律，并对比了乙醇介质对漂白高得率竹浆的白度、返黄值和机械强度的影响。结果表明，乙醇介质通过降低k值和Ea值可以有效抑制H₂O₂的无效分解；乙醇质量分数升高，抑制H₂O₂分解能力增强，质量分数50%的乙醇抑制效果较好；与水介质相比，高得率竹浆在50%乙醇-水介质中进行H₂O₂漂白，漂后浆白度提高了117.4%，返黄值下降了72.2%，纸张抗张指数提升了60.9%。     

纳米TiO2胶体絮凝-光催化氧化-砂滤深度处理造纸废水研究

研究了纳米TiO₂胶体絮凝-光催化氧化-砂滤深度处理造纸废水的效果。分析了絮凝剂的选择和用量、光催化剂用量、光催化时间和外加氧化剂等对废水COD_Cr去除效果的影响；研究证实了样品中残留微量纳米TiO₂胶体对COD_Cr测定的影响，并利用砂滤除去。实验结果表明，以用量为0.01%(相对于废水质量，下同)的纳米TiO₂胶体为絮凝剂对经序列间歇式活性污泥法（SBR）处理后的造纸废水进行处理，在光催化剂用量（质量分数）0.05%，曝气并紫外光照射2 h时，沉降后的上层液体经过砂滤，废水COD_Cr从210 mg/L降到43.0 mg/L。     

纤维素纳米晶体对热升华转印纸涂层性能影响研究

本研究通过酸水解法制备纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）悬浮液,将其加入SiO₂/羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）涂料中,形成一种热升华转印纸生物基涂层。结果表明,CNC对SiO₂/CMC团聚具有一定的分散作用。与SiO₂/CMC涂层的热升华转印纸相比,CNC添加量为2.0%的SiO₂/CMC/CNC涂层的热升华转印纸纵、横向抗张指数分别提高了9.2%、9.3%,平滑度提高了31.9%,透气度下降了46.0%,油墨吸收值下降了3.4%、干燥速度提高了24.3%,承印物平均色密度值由1.01升高至1.21,油墨转移率由80.1%升高至88.5%。由此可见,CNC添加提高了热升华转印纸的机械和热转印性能。     

磁性疏水性纤维素纳米纤丝气凝胶的制备及性能研究

以TEMPO氧化法制备的纤维素纳米纤丝（CNF）为原料制备CNF气凝胶,随后采用Fe₃O₄纳米粒子和十六烷基三甲氧基硅烷（HDTMS）对其进行改性制得磁性疏水性CNF气凝胶,并对其疏水性能、磁性、吸附性及其他各项性能进行表征。结果表明,交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺（MBA）可提高CNF之间的结合强度,使气凝胶结构更加稳定、不易被破坏。制备得到的气凝胶密度和孔隙率分别为0.015 g/cm³和99.02%,其水接触角可达133°,表现出优异的超疏水性,吸附倍率最高可达145 g/g（机油）;同时,添加Fe₃O₄纳米粒子使气凝胶具备较好的磁响应性能,有利于气凝胶的后期回收。     

气调贮藏对毛豆采后叶绿素降解的影响

本文研究了5% O₂气调贮藏条件下，不同体积分数CO₂(4% CO₂、8% CO₂、12% CO₂)对毛豆叶绿素降解的影响。结果表明:气调贮藏能够有效延缓毛豆荚的黄化以及叶绿体超微结构分解，保持较好的外观品质；在毛豆贮藏过程中CO₂处理显著抑制了脱植基叶绿素a和脱镁叶绿酸a含量的上升，延缓叶绿素的降解，贮藏第20天时，8% CO₂贮藏组叶绿素a/b含量分别为40.32 μg/g和20.37 μg/g，显著高于对照组；同时CO₂贮藏组显著钝化脱镁螯合酶以及脱镁叶绿素酶的活性，在贮藏末期8% CO₂贮藏组酶活性相比对照组分别降低了19.8%和7.2%。因此，毛豆在5% O₂+8% CO₂气调贮藏条件下效果最佳。     

TPA/TiO2-SiO2的制备及在地沟油预酯化工艺中的应用

以钛酸丁酯和硅酸乙酯为原料制备TiO₂-SiO₂,以磷钨酸(TPA)为活性组分,通过浸渍法制备TPA/TiO₂-SiO₂,用于高酸值地沟油中的预酯化研究。TPA/TiO₂-SiO₂表征结果表明,TPA/TiO₂-SiO₂具有较好的热稳定性、内部存在孔结构、具有较大的比表面积。以地沟油的酸值变化率为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,确定最佳工艺条件：TPA负载量为40%,载体焙烧温度为600 ℃,催化剂用量为5 wt%,反应时间为5 h,醇油质量比为0.8:1。在此条件下,FFAs的转化率可以达到98%。     

Effects of ZnCl2/H2O/C2H5OH Treatment on the Filter Paper Performance

Bleached softwood kraft pulp (BSKP) fibers were pretreated in a 5 mol/L NaOH aqueous solution at 35℃ for 90 min. The ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH was used to treat the pretreated BSKP fibers, filter papers were then prepared. In the course of processing, the effects of various molar ratios of ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH on the filter paper performance were evaluated. SEM-EDX was conducted to analyze the physical configuration of the filter papers. Moreover, FT-IR and XPS were performed to further characterize the BSKP, the pretreated BSKP and the filter paper fibers. The results indicated that the fibers treated by ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH were swollen and exhibited slight fibrillation, leading to a looser fiber structure and therefore, enhanced filter paper performance. Air permeability increased from 161.7 L/(m²·s) to 1450.4 L/(m²·s) for the filter papers when the molar ratio of ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH was 1:14:1. The optimum molar ratio of ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH was found to be 1:14:1, and no significant effect of ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH on fibers’ functional groups was detected. These results showed that filtration performance of filter papers was improved when treated with the ZnCl₂/H₂O/C₂H₅OH solution.     

固体酸催化大豆油脱臭馏出物甲酯化工艺研究

采用溶胶-凝胶和浸渍法制备了SO2-4/TiO2-SiO2固体酸催化剂,利用其对大豆油脱臭馏出物进行甲酯化。研究了TiO2-SiO2载体焙烧温度、浸渍用硫酸浓度、浸渍时间对催化剂活性的影响,以及催化剂用量、醇油比、反应温度和反应时间对酯化率的影响。得到了最佳反应条件为载体焙烧温度550℃,浸渍用硫酸浓度2.5 mol/L,浸渍时间12 h,催化剂用量5%(以大豆油脱臭馏出物质量计),醇油比1.5∶1(甲醇与大豆油脱臭馏出物体积质量比),反应温度65℃,反应时间4 h。在最佳条件下,酯化率达到96.5%。     

纳米包覆重质碳酸钙用作造纸填料的研究

在Ca(OH)₂-H₂O-CO₂体系中对重质碳酸钙（GCC）进行表面修饰,达到对其进行纳米包覆改性的目的,借助SEM观察包覆前后颗粒的表面形态,研究了纳米包覆前后500目、800目和1250目GCC加填对纸张性能的影响,结果表明,纳米包覆后GCC的表面性能得到改善;提高了填料留着率;纸张吸收率降低;纸张强度增加;GCC的目数对加填纸张的性能影响不大。     

Transfer process limited models for CO2 perception in CO2 hydrate desserts

A CO₂ hydrate dessert is a carbonated frozen dessert in which CO₂ hydrates replace some or all of the ice. When a CO₂ hydrate dessert is eaten, CO₂ perception is very strong due to formation and bursting of bubbles in the mouth as well as dissolution of CO₂ leading to nociceptor stimulation. A preliminary sensory panel indicated that a CO₂ hydrate dessert could be perceived as more carbonated than a freshly opened soda. However, it was also found that a CO₂ hydrate dessert must have a significantly higher CO₂ concentration than is typical in carbonated beverages (including champagne), just to have moderate perception of carbonation. In this work, heat transfer limited and mass transfer limited models for CO₂ hydrate dissociation are compared and the implications for CO₂ perception are discussed. It is suggested that the mass transfer limited model is most applicable to the case of eating CO₂ hydrate desserts. According to this model, a thin ice shell limits the rate of CO₂ hydrate dissociation. After dissociation, CO₂ gas is dissolved in the available aqueous phase. In a CO₂ hydrate there is much more CO₂ present than could be dissolved in the water that is present, so a large fraction of the CO₂ in the dessert may be lost with the breath of the consumer.     

过氧化氢/臭氧-曝气生物滤池深度处理造纸废水生化出水

本研究采用过氧化氢/臭氧-曝气生物滤池组合工艺处理造纸废水生化出水,通过实验确定了优化操作参数,并对组合工艺的处理性能进行了探究。结果表明,组合工艺的优化操作条件为：pH值（7.3~8.4）、过氧化氢/臭氧投加量=113/60 mg/mg、氧化时间25 min、曝气生物滤池水力停留时间2.5 h、曝气生物滤池气水比3∶1。在优化操作条件下,过氧化氢/臭氧氧化后废水的生物处理适宜性显著提高;废水经组合工艺处理后,出水COD_Cr<20 mg/L、色度<10倍,达到企业废水回用水质要求。     

水稻中除草剂氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯和氰氟草酯的检测方法及其储藏稳定性研究

目的 探究26%氰氟草酯·氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯乳油在水稻上的残留行为, 对其储藏稳定性和膳食摄入风险进行评估。方法 待测试样经乙酸乙腈提取, N-丙基乙二胺(primary secondary amine, PSA)、C18和石墨化碳黑(graphitized carbon black, GCB)净化, 再经高效液相色谱-串联质谱法多反应监测模式扫描, 基质匹配标准曲线外标法定量。2018年在9地进行田间残留实验, 并且进行6个月的储藏实验, 获得氯氟吡氧乙酸、氰氟草酯和氰氟草酸在水稻上的残留实验中值、降解率, 对膳食摄入风险进行评估。结果 氯氟吡氧乙酸、氰氟草酯和氰氟草酸在加标浓度为0.05~0.5 mg/kg范围内具有良好的线性关系, 相关系数(r)为0.9984, 3种待测物在水稻中的平均回收率为76.4%~105.0%, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)为1.2%~8.2%, 定量限为0.05 mg/kg。在6个月储藏实验期间, 3种待测物在稻谷及水稻植株的降解率低于30%。膳食风险评估表明: 普通人群氯氟吡氧乙酸异辛酯、氰氟草酯的国家估计每日摄入量分别为0.0596 mg和0.0120 mg, 膳食摄入风险评估分别为4.73%和1.90%。结论 该检测方法操作简便、前处理速度快、精密度高和灵敏度高, 可以满足对复合农药残留分析检测的要求。氯氟吡氧乙酸、氰氟草酯和氰氟草酸在-20 ℃冰箱6个月储藏稳定, 其在水稻上的残留对消费者不会产生不可接受的风险     

氢核磁共振结合支持向量机鉴别蜂蜜植物源

目的建立基于氢核磁共振(1H nuclear magnetic resonance,1H NMR)结合支持向量机分类模型鉴别蜂蜜植物源的方法。方法采集荆条蜜、油菜蜜、洋槐蜜、葵花蜜4种不同植物源的蜂蜜共计122例样品的谱图信息,分全谱(δ0.10~δ9.50)、脂肪区(δ0.10~δ3.00)、糖类化合物区(δ3.00~δ6.00)、芳香区(δ6.00~δ9.50)4个不同积分区间建立分类模型,结合主成分权值系数筛选特征变量,进一步优化判别模型。结果基于主成分权值系数筛选变量范围δ3.40~δ3.90和δ4.60~δ4.70内共计267个积分变量,以该区域积分变量为输入变量建立的支持向量机分类模型,对训练集的判别正确率为97.53%,对测试集的判别正确率为100%。结论通过主成分权值系数能有效筛选特征变量,减少输入变量的同时提高模型稳健性与准确性,基于氢核磁共振结合支持向量机分类模型能有效鉴别不同植物源蜂蜜。     

Effects of H2O2 under low- and high-aeration-level conditions on growth and catalase activity in Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans T-2-2T

The effects of H2O2 under low- and high-aeration-level conditions on growth and catalase activity in Exiguobacterium oxidotolerans T-2-2T were investigated. Continuous addition of 5-200 mM H2O2 to the culture medium from the mid-exponential growth phase enhanced the growth of the strain under the low-aeration-level condition, whereas the addition of 5-50 mM H2O2 decreased intracellular specific catalase activity and extracellular total catalases activity. The detection of extracellular catalase by the cells and the decrease in intracellular specific catalase activity and extracellular total catalase activity under the high-aeration-level condition account for the stimulation of growth by the introduced H2O2 and the decrease in catalase activities induced by O(2) from H2O2 in the medium. On the other hand, the addition of H2O2 to the medium prior to the initiation of growth inhibited the growth but increased the specific activity of intracellular catalase in the stationary growth phase. Strain T-2-2T grew when 10 mM H2O2 was added to the medium prior to growth. However, the growth was completely inhibited by the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT). The continuous addition of H2O2 at an appropriate concentration from prior to the initiation of growth to the stationary growth phase under the low-aeration-level condition resulted in higher intracellular specific catalase activity and cell growth rate than single H2O2 addition prior to growth.     

Effect of various salts and pH condition on rheological properties of Salvia macrosiphon hydrocolloid solutions

The extraction of Salvia macrosiphon seed hydrocolloid was performed successfully and the optimum hydration time and temperature were found to be 30 min and 25 °C for 12% extraction yield. The effect of solution pH (3–9) and addition of NaCl (0.5–3%), CaCl₂ (0.5–3%) and Na₂HPO₄ (0.2–0.6%) on rheological properties of the hydrocolloid solutions were investigated. Rheologcal data were fitted with the Power law model with regression coefficient of greater than 0.95. Strong shear thinning behavior with the n value of less than 0.53 was recorded. All variables had significant impacts on rheological parameters. The minimum and maximum consistencies were found at pH 3 and the 9, respectively. This was explained with the presence of carboxylic groups on the biopolymer backbone as indicated by FTIR. NaCl, CaCl₂ and Na₂HPO₄ had significant effects on rheological properties. Moreover, at similar salt concentration of 0.5%, Na₂HPO₄ had the greatest and NaCl had the lowest effect.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法检测蜂蜜中氟苯尼考及其代谢物残留量

目的 建立液相色谱-串联质谱法检测蜂蜜中氟苯尼考及其代谢物残留量的分析方法。方法 样品经氨化乙酸乙酯提取,通过DPC-2固相萃取柱净化,采用Poroshell 120 EC-C18柱分离,以10 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液-乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,电喷雾正/负离子切换,多反应监测模式检测,同位素内标法定量。结果 氟苯尼考在0.2～30 μg/L时具有良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.999,检出限为0.05 μg/kg,回收率为85.5%~116.3%,相对标准偏差小于10%。氟苯尼考胺在1～30 μg/L时具有良好的线性关系,相关系数大于0.999,检出限为0.3 μg/kg,回收率为85.6%~113.5%,相对标准偏差小于10%。结论 该方法快速、准确、灵敏, 适用于蜂蜜中氟苯尼考及其代谢物残留量的测定。