食盐对面粉糊化特性及面条品质的影响

在三种不同筋力梯度的中筋面粉中分别添加不同比例的食盐并制作面条,测试了食盐对面粉的糊化特性和熟面条品质的影响,探讨了食盐含量与面粉糊化特性及面条品质间的相关性。结果表明:添加食盐对面粉的糊化特性和面条的质构和蒸煮特性均产生了一定的影响。食盐比例与面粉的初始糊化温度、面条的硬度、粘附性、胶黏性和蒸煮吸水率均呈极显著正相关,与面粉崩解值和面条的干物质失落率呈显著负相关,与面条的最佳蒸煮时间呈极显著负相关,与其他指标间的相关性不显著。综合上述结果得出食盐的添加量为面粉质量的0.75%时,面条整体品质水平最好。     

食盐对面粉糊化特性及面条品质的影响

在三种不同筋力梯度的中筋面粉中分别添加不同比例的食盐并制作面条,测试了食盐对面粉的糊化特性和熟面条品质的影响,探讨了食盐含量与面粉糊化特性及面条品质间的相关性。结果表明:添加食盐对面粉的糊化特性和面条的质构和蒸煮特性均产生了一定的影响。食盐比例与面粉的初始糊化温度、面条的硬度、粘附性、胶黏性和蒸煮吸水率均呈极显著正相关,与面粉崩解值和面条的干物质失落率呈显著负相关,与面条的最佳蒸煮时间呈极显著负相关,与其他指标间的相关性不显著。综合上述结果得出食盐的添加量为面粉质量的0.75%时,面条整体品质水平最好。      

不同品种籼米化学成分、凝胶和糊化特性及米粉加工品质比较

以7个直链淀粉含量较高的籼稻品种为材料,在相同栽培条件下比较了其稻米主要化学成分含量、凝胶特性和糊化特性差异,并对其加工米粉进行了感官品质评价,旨在为米粉加工选择优质稻米原料品种提供依据。结果显示,桂朝13稻米粗脂肪和可溶性糖含量高,凝胶黏附性小、弹性和回弹性较大,凝胶硬度、黏聚性、胶黏性和咀嚼度适中,大米粉糊化温度高,米糊峰值黏度、崩解值和回生值低,具有良好的热糊稳定性和冷糊稳定性,加工米粉的感官品质最优。逐步回归分析表明,米粉的感官品质主要受稻米粗脂肪含量、回生值和凝胶回弹性的影响。米粉加工原料除需选择直链淀粉含量高的稻米外,还应选择粗脂肪含量高、凝胶回弹性大和糊化回生值低的品种。     

亲水性胶体对非油炸杂粮方便面原料糊化特性及品质影响

考察了卡拉胶、魔芋胶、瓜尔胶、聚丙烯酸钠和羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC–Na)对非油炸杂粮方便面原料糊化特性的影响,系统研究了5种亲水性胶体对其冲泡性、质构和感官质量的影响。结果表明,卡拉胶可明显降低原料粉的糊化温度,缩短面条的复水时间,减少断条率,改善其硬度、胶黏性、咀嚼性等质构特性,提高其感官可接受性;瓜尔胶的改善作用略低于卡拉胶;魔芋胶可明显缩短面条的复水时间,提高其内聚性和回复性,降低其表面黏附性;聚丙烯酸钠在延缓淀粉老化、降低面汤浑浊度方面效果最佳;而CMC–Na的作用则不明显。卡拉胶、瓜尔胶、魔芋胶和聚丙烯酸钠对非油炸杂粮方便面品质的改善作用各具优势,可联合用于非油炸杂粮方便面的加工。     

Cooking quality and sensorial properties of noodle supplemented with oat flour

Effects of oat flour addition (10, 20, 30, and 40%) on the quality characteristics of noodle were investigated. Noodles were evaluated in terms of cooking quality, color, chemical, and sensory properties. As oat flour level increased, protein, crude fat, ash, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Mg contents of noodles increased. Oat flour caused increases in cooking loss of noodles. Sensory and cooking characteristics of noodles were negatively effected when oat flour level was increased compared with the control. Noodle with 10% oat flour received the highest sensory scores in all noodle samples containing oat flour. Overall acceptability scores of control and in only the noodle with 10% oat flour were found statistically (p<0.05) similar. Especially, the usage of 10% oat flour in noodle formulation gave satisfactory results in terms of acceptability.     

干法糊化对燕麦粉面团应力松弛特性的影响

采用挤压、蒸汽、微波及烘烤4种干法处理燕麦籽粒或燕麦粉,测定不同处理及不同糊化度燕麦粉面团的应力松弛特性。结果表明:挤压、蒸汽、微波及烘烤处理的燕麦粉糊化度分别为77.8%、39.3%、17.8%及13.7%。相对于其他糊化方法,挤压处理组面团的松弛时间、阻尼系数、残余应力最大,分别为60.90 s、3.70×10~6N·m~(-2)·s、9.39×104N·m-2;糊化度与燕麦粉面团的松弛时间、阻尼系数、残余应力均显著正相关(R=0.97、0.99、0.99;P0.05)。干法糊化显著提高了燕麦粉面团的黏性和结合力。     

添加燕麦麸皮对挂面品质特性的影响

为了了解燕麦麸皮对挂面品质特性的影响,在面粉中分别添加0、5%、10%、20%、30%燕麦麸皮,并对挂面的蒸煮品质、质构特性和感官品质进行了测定。结果显示:添加燕麦麸皮显著增大了挂面的蒸煮损失、吸水率和混汤吸光值(p<0.05),改善了面条的断条率(p<0.05);随着燕麦麸皮添加量的增加,挂面的硬度、咀嚼性显著增大(p<0.05),而粘性和弹性呈下降趋势,挂面的感官品质变差。燕麦麸皮的添加量为20%时,挂面的综合品质最好。因此,燕麦麸皮的添加,改变了挂面的蒸煮品质、质构特性和感官品质。      

Effects of sugar, protein and water content on wheat starch gelatinization due to microwave heating

 Understanding the interactions between sugar, starch, protein and water, which are the main components of a baked product, will advance the development of high quality, microwaveable products. This paper presents a mathematical model describing the quantitative relationships between water, sugar and protein on the gelatinization of wheat starch following 20 s of microwave heat as determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Addition of sugar decreased the degree of gelatinization of starch due to microwave heating significantly. Water and protein were not found to be as significant as sugar in delaying gelatinization. The effects of sugar and protein on the gelatinization of starch were pronounced in water-limited systems. The model could be used to describe systems containing 33–67% water, 0–33% sucrose and 0–5.8% protein, with a coefficient of determination of 0.91. Received: 29 June 1998     

添加燕麦麸皮对挂面品质特性的影响

为了了解燕麦麸皮对挂面品质特性的影响,在面粉中分别添加0、5%、10%、20%、30%燕麦麸皮,并对挂面的蒸煮品质、质构特性和感官品质进行了测定。结果显示:添加燕麦麸皮显著增大了挂面的蒸煮损失、吸水率和混汤吸光值(p0.05),改善了面条的断条率(p0.05);随着燕麦麸皮添加量的增加,挂面的硬度、咀嚼性显著增大(p0.05),而粘性和弹性呈下降趋势,挂面的感官品质变差。燕麦麸皮的添加量为20%时,挂面的综合品质最好。因此,燕麦麸皮的添加,改变了挂面的蒸煮品质、质构特性和感官品质。     

挤压改性糙米—小麦混合粉糊化特性与面条品质关系研究

将不同挤压条件下得到的糙米粉与小麦粉按1∶1比例进行混合,研究挤压改性对混合粉糊化特性及面条品质的影响,并分析两者之间的相关性。结果表明:物料水分的增加使混合粉峰值粘度增加,最低黏度和衰减值减小,挤压温度的增加,使混合粉峰值粘度、最低黏度和衰减值逐渐减小,回生值增大,相比之下,螺杆转速对混合粉以及面条特性影响较小;SEM试验结果显示添加挤压糙米粉的面条,其内部形成连续性网状结构;相关性分析结果表明,面条吸水率与混合粉的最终黏度和回生值呈显著正相关,面条坚实度与混合粉峰值粘度、衰减值和最终粘度呈显著负相关。     

组织化大豆蛋白(豆筋)方便面条生产工艺及复水性能研究

通过对组织化大豆蛋白的碱性腌制和干燥脱水,有效改善了组织化大豆蛋白方便面条的复水性能.结果表明,盐8%、MaHCO31.5%、干燥温度55℃使组织化大豆蛋白方便面条有较好的复水效果.     

燕麦高纤食品基料在挂面中的应用

把燕麦高纤食品基料应用在挂面中,研究了燕麦高纤食品基料添加量为10％、20％、30％以及加入添加剂时,对燕麦高纤挂面质量指标、感官品质、加工性能的影响。     

肾豆粉丝加工及粉丝特性的研究

以黔江肾豆淀粉为原料,研究了肾豆粉丝制备工艺及食用品质。以"滞后面积"为粉丝加工关键工艺"调粉团"评判指标,以"粉丝断条率和汤液透明度"为"冷冻"优化评判指标,得到肾豆粉丝制备优化工艺为:调芡糊[m(淀粉)∶m(水)=1∶10混合,在100℃沸水中糊化80 s]→调粉团(含水量40%,含芡量4%,加水温度50℃,保温温度50℃)→漏粉(沸水煮制8~13 s)→冷冻(4℃老化6 h,-2℃冷冻6 h)→干燥(40℃烘至水分含量约10%)→成品。以绿豆粉丝为对照,进一步研究了肾豆粉丝感官品质、蒸煮品质和质构特性,结果显示:肾豆粉丝光洁透明、弹韧性好、煮沸损失小(断条率和煮沸损失率分别为(3.33±2.89)%和(1.94±0.20)%),蒸煮品质佳,与绿豆粉丝相似,但硬度偏大、弹性和剪切形变较绿豆粉丝高,感官评定总体可接受性不如绿豆粉丝,但肾豆淀粉仍然具有应用于粉丝生产的潜在价值。     

燕麦脂肪及其对加工影响综述

从燕麦脂肪特性,脂肪酶和灭酶,脂肪对产品贮存影响等方面综述,旨在为燕麦加工研究提供参考,为燕麦产品的开发提供理论依据。     

Influence of health based ingredient and its hydrocolloid blends on noodle processing

Blends were prepared with different levels of chickpea flour (CF) and durum semolina (0–60 %) and were utilized for understanding their influence on product quality. Proximate analysis and rheological characterization of blends were carried out. Noodles were developed and subjected to different physico-chemical, nutritional, cooking quality and sensory analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optimized noodles on the basis of its sensory and cooking quality characteristics were improved with different hydrocolloids. Rheological studies revealed that with the increase in the CF content, Farinograph water absorption and dough stability decreased; simultaneously increase in dough development time. Maximum over pressure and curve configuration decreased with increase in CF. Based on the sensory and cooking loss of noodles 50 % formulation was improved with hydrocolloids. Noodles cooking loss reduced to 5.9 % with the addition of guar gum. Sensory scores for the noodles were above 8 in 15 cm scale. Colour value showed an increase in ‘b’ value, indicating increase in yellowness of samples. Texture of noodles became firm with the addition of CF. IVSD (In vitro starch digestibility) reduced from 71 to 29 %. There was a network like formation due to hydrocolloids was observed in SEM, which is the reason for slow release of glucose. Thus, can be used as substitution in noodles and can be included in the diet of malnutritious and diabetic population.     

燕麦粉添加量对马铃薯—燕麦复合面团特性的影响

目的:研究添加燕麦粉对马铃薯—燕麦复合面团特性的影响,确定适宜的燕麦粉和马铃薯配比。方法:选取了5种不同比例的燕麦粉(15%,20%,25%,30%,35%),对燕麦—马铃薯复合面团的色差、微观结构、质构特性、流变特性、糊化特性进行测定,并进行感官评价。结果:随着燕麦粉添加量的增加,复合面团的颜色逐渐变红变暗;复合面团内部微观结构越来越紧密;硬度逐渐增加;动态频率扫描过程中不同添加量复合面团弹性模量、黏性模量先上升、后下降、再上升,损耗因子先上升后下降。复合面团的起始糊化温度、峰值糊化温度、终止糊化温度先减小再增大。感官评定显示：燕麦粉添加量在20%～25%范围内,总体得分均比对其他添加量的复合面团要高,更易被消费者接受。结论:制备马铃薯—燕麦复合面团时,燕麦粉适宜添加量为20%～25%。     

微波间歇处理对肉鸡翅根干燥特性及品质的影响

研究不同微波功率密度(η=3.31、4.43、5.59 W/g)和间歇比(PR=1、2、3)对肉鸡翅根干燥特性及品质的影响,结果表明:肉鸡翅根微波间歇干燥过程主要为恒速干燥过程,含水率及干燥速率的变化受微波处理条件影响显著(P<0.05)。肉鸡翅根水分有效扩散系数Deff受微波条件影响显著(P<0.05),η=3.31 W/g、PR=1³的Deff为2.713的Deff为2.71⁰.84×10-7m2/s,η=4.43 W/g、PR=10.84×10-7m2/s,η=4.43 W/g、PR=1³的Deff为3.513的Deff为3.51¹.1×10-7m2/s,η=5.59 W/g、PR=11.1×10-7m2/s,η=5.59 W/g、PR=1³的Deff为(4.443的Deff为(4.44¹.35)×10-7m2/s。对比分析8种干燥经验模型的回归统计结果,确定Page方程为最适干燥模型(平均R2=0.995 8,平均χ2=0.000 3),可准确预测肉鸡翅根微波间歇(PR=1、2、3)干燥过程的含水率。不同微波处理条件的比能耗ES为13.481.35)×10-7m2/s。对比分析8种干燥经验模型的回归统计结果,确定Page方程为最适干燥模型(平均R2=0.995 8,平均χ2=0.000 3),可准确预测肉鸡翅根微波间歇(PR=1、2、3)干燥过程的含水率。不同微波处理条件的比能耗ES为13.48¹7.97 MJ/kg,间歇比对的影响要明显高于功率密度(P<0.05)。微波间歇处理可降低样品纵向收缩率(LSR)、提高外观的完整性;在相同功率密度下,间歇处理所得剪切力值均低于连续处理。     

Effects of cross-linking and acetylation on oat starch properties

Starch samples separated from oat were modified with two different levels of POCl₃ (0.5 and 1.0 g kg⁻¹) as a cross-linking agent and two different levels of acetic anhydride (6% and 8% (w/w)) for acetylation. Swelling factor, thermal properties and retrogradation measurements were evaluated to characterise the influence of phosphorylation and acetylation on oat starch. Cross-linking decreased the swelling factor and did not improve gelatinization temperature while it increased synaeresis in comparison with native starch. Acetylation increased swelling factor but reduced gelatinization temperature and synaeresis of oat starch.     

西芹生鲜面工艺优化及其质构特性的研究

为了丰富生鲜面的种类及提高其营养价值,以西芹浆和面粉为主要原料,主要考察西芹浆量、鸡蛋液量、食用碱量和熟化时间对西芹生鲜面感官品质的影响,在单因素实验的基础上采用L₉（3⁴）正交实验进行面条加工工艺的优化,并进一步研究了面条感官评分与质构指标之间的相关性。结果表明:西芹生鲜面的最佳工艺是以面粉100 g,食盐量2%为基准,西芹浆量为32%,鸡蛋液量为6%,食用碱量为0.26%,熟化时间为10 min。西芹生鲜面的感官评分与质构特性的线性回归方程为y（感官评分值）=-18.083-0.012X₁（硬度）+28.320X₂（弹性）+0.028X₃（咀嚼性）+0.283X₄（粘聚性）+0.155 X₅（拉伸阻力）。采用最佳工艺制作出来的面条口感较好,具有西芹特有的风味,同时面条感官评分与质构指标具有良好的相关性,表明质构测定可以被用来评定西芹生鲜面品质的好坏。      

粳米对糯米糊化特性的影响研究

在总重为20g的情况下于糯米中掺入粳米,使糯米中分别含有0%、5%、10%、15%及20%的粳米,充分混合后粉碎并过筛,取筛下物进行糊化特性测试。本文研究了四种糯米中掺入不同比例的粳米后对其糊化特性中各个参数的影响,实验结果表明,由于粳米的混入,增加了糯米的回生性能,并且衰减值表现出下降的趋势。通常,糯米中直链淀粉含量在0%~2%,其含量的检测比较繁琐,另外,当糯米中掺有粳米的比例在5%或10%时其直链淀粉的含量仍低于2%时则无法由直链淀粉的含量来判定其是否掺有粳米。本文通过糯米中混入不同比例粳米后糊化特性的改变,提出了回生值/衰减值(称为粳米影响因子)用来定性鉴别糯米中是否掺有粳米的一种补充手段,弥补了以直链淀粉含量高低来评判糯米中是否掺有粳米的方法不足性。