塑料薄膜基上镀纳米SiOx涂层的表征及性能研究

本文利用等离子体气相化学沉积(PECVD)的方法,在聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)和双向拉伸聚丙烯(BOPP)薄膜上制备了纳米厚度的SiOx涂层。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、原子力显微镜(AFM)和超声原子力显微镜(UAFM)对纳米厚度的SiOx薄膜进行表征。利用AFM和UAFM,可以得到SiOx薄膜的形貌和超声幅值成像。尤其是本文使用的新方法UAFM,可以表征表面和次表面缺陷。同时,本文实验研究了,镀SiOx的PET和BOPP薄膜的拉伸性能、接触角和阻隔性。结果表明,SiOx涂层提高了塑料薄膜的阻隔性、拉伸性能。     

原子力显微镜基本成像模式分析及其应用

原子力显微镜具有原子级别分辨率,成像分辨率高,并且能提供三维表面图,近年来在纳米功能材料、生物、化工和医药方面得到广泛的使用。文章从原子力显微镜的成像原理、操作模式及其相关应用等方面对原子力显微镜做了简要的介绍。     

原子力显微镜表征采后果蔬结构特性的研究进展

目的:系统介绍原子力显微镜的原理及其在采后果蔬结构特性研究中的优点.综述原子力显微镜在果蔬采后表皮微观结构、多糖大分子结构及其相互作用等方面的应用;结果:利用原子力显微镜的粗糙度分析可表征贮藏中果蔬表皮水分蒸发及溶液涂抹对表皮粗糙度的影响;通过定性分析多糖大分子链纳米结构,得到果蔬大分子的分支及聚合特征;通过提取定量链特征参数可以解释贮藏中果胶等大分子纳米层次的降解途径和过程;通过操纵多糖大分子可以模拟采后果蔬中生物大分子的相互作用;结论:原子力显微镜作为纳米尺度的表征工具,通过研究果蔬纳米结构与功能的关系,对揭示果蔬的抗氧化、抗衰老等生理功能有重要意义.     

SPM镜群检测中用于纳米级标记刻制的微致动器

研制了一种应用压电陶瓷的微进给机构用以驱动金刚石探针做纳米级微压入,并通过与现有激光原子力显微镜的激光反馈信号与工作台进给系统相配合,构成闭环调控型的金刚石探针微压入标记刻制系统.该系统能在被测样品表面刻制出具有一定深度的纳米级定位点或标记,为不同类型的显微镜对同一表面区域做分时、重复检测时提供精确定位,进一步实现多模式显微镜对同一表面的多参数综合评测.此外,应用该系统,配合不同的传感器,还可实现加工表面的磨损检测、硬度检测(压入法)以及多幅局部扫描图像的拼接(获取更大的扫描面积)等功能.     

酸催化溶胶凝胶法制备的纳米SiO2/丙烯酸树脂复合涂饰剂的应用研究

分别将丙烯酸树脂、纳米复合涂饰剂用于皮革涂饰,考察了涂饰后革样的性能,并对革样的表面形态进行了扫描电子显微镜/X-射线能谱仪(SEM-EDS)、原子力显微镜观察.革样表面形态经扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X-射线能谱仪(EDS)、原子力显微镜观察结果表明将丙烯酸树脂和纳米复合涂饰剂用于皮革涂饰后,纳米复合涂饰剂涂饰的革样与丙烯酸树脂涂饰的革样相比透气性增加了15.4%,透水气性增加了11.5%.纳米复合涂饰剂涂饰后的革样涂层中含有二氧化硅粒子且革样表面更平整,粗糙度降低.     

丙纶表面沉积纳米薄膜的原子力显微镜分析

采用低温磁控溅射技术在丙纶(熔喷法非织造布)表面沉积铝、氧化锌和聚四氟乙烯纳米薄膜,用原子力显微镜观察纤维基材及三种纳米薄膜沉积在纤维表面的微观结构,为进一步对聚合物纤维材料磁控溅射功能化加工的工艺参数优化调整,以及对沉积材料在纤维表面的结合机理的研究提供理论依据。通过对原子力显微镜图像分析发现,丙纶(熔喷法非织造布)表面比较平滑,而丙纶长丝的表面则成一定的周期性条纹状结构;低温磁控溅射技术在丙纶(熔喷法非织造布)表面构建的功能性纳米薄膜随着沉积材料的不同,其在纤维表面的聚集形态不同。铝和氧化锌在纤维表面形成纳米颗粒状结构,而高分子材料聚四氟乙烯则形成纳米条带状形貌。分析和测量了金属颗粒和聚四氟乙烯条带的尺寸。     

酸催化溶胶凝胶法制备的纳米SiO2/丙烯酸树脂复合涂饰剂的应用研究

分别将丙烯酸树脂、纳米复合涂饰剂用于皮革涂饰,考察了涂饰后革样的性能,并对革样的表面形态进行了扫描电子显微镜/X-射线能谱仪(SEM-EDS)、原子力显微镜观察。革样表面形态经扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X-射线能谱仪(EDS)、原子力显微镜观察结果表明:将丙烯酸树脂和纳米复合涂饰剂用于皮革涂饰后,纳米复合涂饰剂涂饰的革样与丙烯酸树脂涂饰的革样相比透气性增加了15.4%,透水气性增加了11.5%。纳米复合涂饰剂涂饰后的革样涂层中含有二氧化硅粒子且革样表面更平整,粗糙度降低。     

低强度超声强化酸水解对纳米纤维素尺寸分布的影响

采用低强度超声强化酸水解棉纤维的方法制备纳米纤维素晶体（NCC）,探讨了超声功率、反应时间、反应温度及硫酸浓度对纳米纤维素尺寸分布的影响,并通过原子力显微镜（AFM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对其表面形貌和晶型结构进行分析表征。结果表明,在超声功率240 W、反应时间75 min、反应温度50℃、硫酸浓度60%的条件下所得NCC呈短棒状,得率为51.2%,长度在100～300 nm左右,占总尺寸分布的86.9%,直径约为20 nm,晶型为天然纤维素Ⅰ型,结晶度为87.8%。     

常压空气等离子体处理后真丝织物的喷墨印花

通过采用常压空气等离子体对真丝织物进行表面改性处理,后用浅品色纳米颜料墨水喷墨印花.结果表明处理后的真丝织物图案清晰、得色深度有所提高,并且没有降低织物的印花色牢度.借助原子力显微镜和动态接触角张力仪分析了处理前后真丝纤维表面形貌和润湿性能的变化.     

扫描离子电导显微镜微探针的性能评价

扫描离子电导显微镜技术是纳米生物医学领域新近发展起来的一种扫描探针显微镜技术,可被用来在生理条件下、高分辨率及非接触地研究活细胞的表面形貌。扫描用玻璃微探针的性能直接影响扫描探针显微镜的分辨率和拓扑成像质量,因此玻璃微探针的制备在实现纳米生物样品的高分辨率探测中具有重要的意义。文章运用扫描电子显微镜直接观测玻璃微探针的几何形状进而推算电阻值,借助膜片钳技术测量微探针实际电阻,并通过应用该种玻璃探针对标准样品进行扫描成像来判断该微探针是否满足实验需要,最终综合上述数据对纳米尺度玻璃微探针的性能进行评价。     

常压空气等离子体处理对涤纶润湿性能的影响

研究常压空气等离子体处理对涤纶润湿性能的影响规律.采用脉冲常压空气等离子体对涤纶织物进行表面改性处理,然后用原子力显微镜、扫描电镜对织物和纤维表面形貌进行观察,再用X光电子谱测试织物表面化学成分,并测试涤纶织物经等离子体处理前后的润湿时间.结果表明,脉冲常压空气等离子体处理能较好地提高涤纶织物的润湿性.     

Whey Protein Edible Film Structures Determined by Atomic Force Microscope

Atomic force microscopy was used to study edible films produced from whey proteins. The films were imaged under ambient conditions with no special sample preparation. Low resolution imaging of areas from 10 μm to 150 μm on a side was performed in the contact mode. Higher resolution scans of 350 nm to 2,700 nm required use of the noncontact imaging mode. Features about the same size as the primary protein in whey, beta-lactoglobulin (7 nm), were identified in the film samples. Molecular aggregates in the range of 1 μm, reported in other studies using transmission electron microscopy of whey protein gels, were combined in results from atomic force microscopy.     

Surface morphology of contact lenses probed with microscopy techniques.

The present study is bringing a comparison of surface morphology for various types of contact lenses. A novel method--scanning electron microscopy under aqueous conditions (cryo-SEM)--was tested for visualization of lenses at magnifications up to 2000x. For imaging lens surface on nanometre scale, we employed atomic force microscopy (AFM) in aqueous media. Various materials of lenses, based on silicone hydrogels or conventional hydrogels, were investigated. Total, 10 types of contact lenses from five manufacturers were selected and probed. We found that different methods of lens manufacture (lathe-cutting, cast-moulding, and spin casting) led to different values of surface roughness. In the swollen state, roughness values of lens surfaces lie between 4 and 140 nm. Lenses manufactured by lathe-cutting exhibit notable higher values, so that they could be easily distinguished from others. In cast-moulded lenses, the surface roughness decreased with increasing water content. Moreover, additional treatments of lenses introduced unique structural motifs onto surface. For instance, porous structure was found on lens surface finalized with plasma oxidation.     

漆酶处理废新闻纸脱墨浆对纤维性能的影响

应用化学分析电子能谱(ESCA)、原子力显微镜(AFM)对废新闻纸脱墨浆的表面形态和化学成分进行分析,同时对ONP浆纤维带电性、接触角、纸张物理性能进行了测定.结果表明,与对照浆相比,漆酶处理后,纸页白度降低,干抗张强度提高不明显,湿抗张强度有明显提高,加入介体能够提高纸浆的湿强,并降低漆酶处理对纸张紧度的影响.ESCA与AFM相结合对ONP浆进行表面分析,结果表明漆酶处理使ONP浆纤维表面木素和胶粘物含量降低,从而说明漆酶处理能够对纤维表面的木素和胶粘物有去除效果.     

变异山羊绒染色性能研究

采用毛用活性染料对变异山羊绒进行染色,研究了染色时正常绒纤维与两型毛的染色动力学,测试了其染色效果及染后纤维表面形态。结果表明绒纤维的平衡吸附量和染色速率常数均高于两型毛,达到吸附平衡的时间比两型毛短。通过显微镜看到染料在两型毛纤维的较直端仍有一定程度的上染,使得两型毛与绒纤维之间的染色差异减小。通过原子力显微镜测试可知绒纤维与两型毛的表面形态的不同,可定量得出两者的差异。     

Atomic force microscopy observation of highly arrayed phospholipid bilayer vesicle on a gold surface

Tapping mode atomic force microscopy (TM-AFM) imaging of a phospholipid bilayer vesicle (liposome) immobilized on a gold surface was performed to investigate morphologies of the electrode surfaces produced through application of three different sample preparation methods. We compared both methods from a morphological viewpoint using TM-AFM images. Liposomes, composed of zwitterionic and anionic phospholipids, were prepared by extrusion. Results indicate that the surface with immobilized L1-liposome, which was fabricated by the amino coupling method, seemed to form large amounts of aggregated or fused liposomes. In contrast, L2-liposome-containing 1-octadecanthiol that was directly attached on the gold surface using thiol-gold binding force was immobilized as a uniform surface topology without liposome aggregation. Finally, we attempted to arrange individual L3-liposome, prepared by mixing zwitterionic and anionic phospholipids, onto the gold layer by electron-beam (e-beam) lithography technique. A third method, L3-liposome formation on the sensor surface, is greatly anticipated for biosensor applications.     

酿酒酵母核糖核酸(RNA)的纳米显微呈像技术

利用原子力显微镜(AFM)的纳米显微技术,研究了酿酒酵母RNA在不同溶液浓度、不同pH值条件下,以云母为衬底,经过吸附后的镜下纳米级微观构象.经反复试验摸索,发现在样品浓度为0.02mg/mL,pH值为9.0时所拍摄得到的构象图比较清晰、分散度比较好.同时也提供了简便可行的利用AFM进行RNA纳米显微呈像的实验方法,揭示了酿酒酵母核糖核酸的微观构象,对其他来源RNA微观构象的深入研究具有一定的参考价值.     

麦冬多糖POJ-U1a的结构研究及原子力显微镜观测

用功率超声从麦冬中提取麦冬多糖POJ-U1,通过DEAE-52 cellulose色谱柱和Sephadex G-150凝胶色谱柱进行分离纯化得到POJ-U1a,采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法测定其分子量,采用红外光谱法、气相色谱法对其化学结构进行研究,原子力显微镜观察其微观形貌。结果表明,麦冬多糖POJ-U1a的平均分子量为4.02×103D,是一种由均一葡萄糖组成的葡聚糖,具有糖类物质的特征吸收峰,同时存在呋喃环,是具有高度分枝的化学结构的多糖。     

Nanostructural characterization of catfish skin gelatin using atomic force microscopy

ABSTRACT:  To determine the nanostructure of gelatin from catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) skin, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study gelatin aggregates. The gelatin was extracted at an optimized acid concentration after alkaline processing. First, the AFM imaging parameters were optimized to obtain high-quality images. Then height mode with a 2-dimensional plane, 3-dimensional topographical images, and error signal mode images, which removed slow variations in surface topography but highlighted the edges of sample features, were used to analyze the structure of particles. The results describe fish gelatin at a nanoscale level for the first time and are compared with AFM images of mammalian gelatins. Both annular pores with diameters averaging 118 nm and spherical aggregates with an average diameter of 267 nm were seen in the AFM images of fish gelatin. From the AFM images, we propose that the structures formed were determined by whether the solution penetrated into the gelatin molecules evenly or not during hydrolysis. A scheme for the formation of annular pores and spherical aggregates is proposed.     

Characterisation of frozen orange juice by ultrasound and wavelet analysis

Ultrasound technology was used to analyse the freezing behaviour of orange juice. The ultrasonic properties of orange juice, specifically velocity and attenuation coefficient, were characterised as the temperature was decreased from 20 to ?50 °C. The results were compared with NMR free induction decay data and correlated with the amount of unfrozen water present in the frozen sample. The velocities of longitudinal waves (P‐wave) and shear waves (S‐wave) in frozen orange juice were measured, yielding values of around 4000 and 2000 m s^?1 respectively. They were related to the amount of unfrozen water in the frozen sample. The elastic moduli of the samples at different temperatures were obtained from the measured ultrasonic velocities. Significant changes in the attenuation of the ultrasonic waves propagated through the frozen sample were observed as a result of ice nucleation and growth. Information about the spectral behaviour of the ultrasound signal was obtained by means of wavelet analysis. The analysis provided a direct measure of the spectral content of the ultrasonic waves over time and showed the variation in the ultrasonic velocity dispersion with temperature. Significant velocity dispersions occurred for frequencies less than 1 MHz. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry