蓝莓果渣花色苷超声提取工艺优化及组成分析

为了充分利用加工副产物蓝莓果渣,提高蓝莓的综合利用价值,超声辅助提取蓝莓果渣中花色苷提取工艺得到了研究优化。在考察了提取溶剂、超声功率、超声时间、料液比和pH 5个因素对花色苷提取得率影响的基础上,根据Box-Behnken(BBD)试验设计原理,通过响应面分析优化出超声辅助提取蓝莓果渣中花色苷的最佳工艺条件为:乙醇55%(v/v)、超声功率367.57W、超声时间18.49 min、料液比1:40 g/mL、pH=1。采用最佳提取工艺条件平均提取得率为4.12mg/g,与优化模型预测值4.13 mg/g基本一致(相对误差为0.24%),验证了模型的可靠性。采用高效液相色谱与质谱联用(HPLC-MS)对花色苷提取物进行成分分析,得到3种游离花青素、11种花色苷成分,其中蓝莓果渣中花色苷成分最多的是锦葵色素糖苷(43.20%)和飞燕草素糖苷(28.97%)以及牵牛花色素糖苷(17.50%)。该文为蓝莓果渣的有效利用提供了基础和依据。     

超声波法提取1-脱氧野尻霉素

研究了利用超声波强化法从桑叶中提取1-脱氧野尻霉素(DNJ).以乙醇溶液为浸提剂,超声波强化为辅助条件,提取了桑叶中的DNJ.考察了超声功率、料液配比、超声温度以及超声时间等因素对DNJ提取率的影响.结果表明:提取DNJ的最佳条件是超声功率125 W,每克桑叶浸提剂用量40 mL,超声温度70℃,超声时间20 min,DNJ的得率为0.091%,固形物中DNJ纯度为27.2%.     

贵州黔东南蓝莓中花青素的提取与含量测定

探究贵州黔东南蓝莓果中花青素的最佳提取工艺条件及其含量。以贵州省黔东南丹寨产的蓝莓果为原料,采用单因素分析方法考察了60%乙醇溶液中含盐酸的体积分数、料液比、超声提取水浴温度、超声提取时间对蓝莓中花青素提取效果的影响,在此基础上,通过正交试验探究花青素的最佳提取条件;以p H示差法测定蓝莓中花青素含量。结果:蓝莓中花青素的最佳提取工艺条件为:60%乙醇溶液中含盐酸的体积分数0.2%,料液比1∶5(g/m L),室温水浴下振荡提取30 min,再在超声功率为100 W、水浴温度60℃下超声提取50 min,花青素含量为1.91 mg/g,为贵州黔东南进一步地开发蓝莓的食用和药用价值提供科学依据。     

葡萄皮渣中提取、纯化葡萄多酚的方法研究

采用Folin-C方法检测葡萄多酚,通过正交实验初步确定从葡萄皮渣中提取多酚的最佳条件以1%HCl酸化甲醇(v/v)为提取剂,料液比130、70℃浸提时间50min、浸提两次.采用该条件葡萄皮渣中多酚的提取率可达到0.030‰.利用AB-8大孔吸附树脂可对葡萄多酚的粗提液进行纯化采用釜式(静态)吸附3h以上,10%乙醇溶液为淋洗剂,90%乙醇溶液为洗脱剂.     

正交试验法优化黑米黑色素的超声辅助提取工艺

以黑米为原料,优化黑色素的最佳超声辅助提取工艺。采用正交试验法,研究超声波功率、浸提时间、浸提剂体积分数及料液比(黑米︰乙醇溶液,m/V)对黑米色素提取率的影响。结果表明:在所考察的因素中,黑米黑色素的最佳提取工艺为A3B1C3D3。浸提黑色素宜选体积分数80%的乙醇溶液作为提取剂,超声波作用时间50min,料液比1:32,超声功率250W,该优化方法的提取率为4.5%,比传统的索式提取法的提取率提高了近3倍。     

米糠多糖的超声强化提取研究

采用超声波对米糠多糖的提取进行强化预处理,考察了超声波预处理次数、超声功率和浸提时间3个因素对多糖纯度和得率的影响,制得了纯度较高的米糠多糖.在超声处理次数450次,超声功率300 W,浸提时间3 h条件下提取的米糠多糖得率为2.04%,纯度达88.68%.     

野玫瑰花与野生蓝莓混合酿酒前处理工艺研究

以浸提液吸光度为评价指标比较野玫瑰花3种保藏方法,采用单因素试验和正交试验确定野玫瑰花最佳浸提工艺条件,在此基础上,以5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%野生蓝莓含量替代2‰柠檬酸制备浸提溶剂,进行野玫瑰花浸提试验,确定野生蓝莓最佳含量。结果表明,速冻是野玫瑰花最佳保藏方法;最佳浸提工艺条件是料水比1:20,温度70℃,浸提时间1 h;浸提溶剂中野生蓝莓最佳含量为15%;野玫瑰花与野生蓝莓混合酿酒色、香、味俱佳。     

苦荞麦中芦丁的提取工艺研究

以苦荞麦为原料研究了芦丁的提取工艺,采用乙醇溶液浸提研究了溶剂体积分数、浸提温度、浸提时间等不同条件对产品提取率的影响。单因素水平研究结果表明:在60%的乙醇溶液、温度60℃、浸提时间4h的条件下,芦丁提取率达到最大,为4.05%。通过单因素试验和3因素3水平正交试验确定了各因素影响芦丁提取率的顺序:浸提时间>溶剂体积分数>浸提温度,最佳提取工艺为:70%的乙醇溶液、浸提温度60℃、浸提时间2h,芦丁提取率为3.91%。     

樟树多酚提取工艺的研究

以风干的樟树叶为原料,用双水相体系提取樟树叶多酚,采用二次回归正交旋转法研究5个影响因素(超声波功率、液料比、提取温度、浸提时间、超声波时间)对提取率的影响,并建立回归数学模型对试验结果进行分析.结果表明,樟树叶多酚最佳的提取工艺参数是超声功率为255 W,料液比为1:39(m:v),浸提时间为96 min,浸提温度20.9℃.该条件下,樟树叶多酚得率达到3.3%.     

苦荞麦麦皮粉中黄酮的提取工艺条件研究

采用乙醇溶液浸提、水溶液浸提、乙醇抽提3种方法提取苦荞麦麦皮粉中的黄酮类化合物。结果表明,乙醇溶液浸提的最佳提取工艺条件是A2B2C2D3,即用20倍75%乙醇在60～65℃下浸提4h;水浸提的最佳工艺条件是A1B2C3,即用20倍水量在50～55℃下浸提4h;乙醇溶液抽提的最佳工艺条件是95%的乙醇回流抽提10h。     

黑加仑、蓝莓复合果醋饮料的研发

本试验采用二次发酵法,通过对黑加仑、蓝莓复合果醋的酒精发酵及醋酸发酵的优化,最终确定黑加仑、蓝莓复合果醋的酒精发酵最佳工艺为:黑加仑果汁与蓝莓果汁3:2复合,在初始糖度8°BX、初始pH3.8、28℃发酵6d、。醋酸发酵最佳条件为:发酵温度35℃,通风量为l:0.10～0.15(V/V/min),酒精含量6.0%,接种量8.0%,初始pH5.5。黑加仑、蓝莓复合果醋饮料配方:12%复合果醋、5.5%白砂糖、2%蜂蜜、0.1%食盐、0.06%复合香料,评分为92分。工艺调整后的放大生产产品质量仍稳定、达标。产品具有食醋清香和黑加仑、蓝莓果香,酸味柔和,风味独特。     

蓝莓饮料总花色苷抗氧化性研究

目的 研究不同品牌蓝莓饮料总花色苷抗氧化性的差异。方法 将蓝莓饮料中的液体和果肉通过过滤分离, 通过DPPH和ABTS两种抗氧化性光谱检测方法检测液体和果肉的抗氧化性能力, 优化了果肉中花色苷的提取条件, 最后对比研究了不同品牌蓝莓饮料总花色苷抗氧化能力。结果 蓝莓饮料中果肉里花色苷提取条件为: 在100%超声功率下, 用60%酸性乙醇溶液进行超声提取, 30 min/次, 提取5次。市售的蓝莓饮料, 其总花色苷抗氧化性相差不大。结论 目前吉林省市场上不同品牌蓝莓饮料的总花色苷抗氧化性无显著差异。     

蓝莓总花色苷匀浆的提取条件优化及抗氧化活性

以抗氧化活性为示踪,以总花色苷提取率和2,2-吖嗪双(3-乙基-7-苯并噻唑啉磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基清除能力为指标,利用匀浆法对蓝莓鲜果中的花色苷进行提取,对匀浆提取过程中的各因素在单因素试验的基础上先后采用Plackett Burman和Box-Behnken试验设计进行优化,得到蓝莓总花色苷最佳工艺条件为pH2.5、乙醇体积分数75%、料液比1:17(g/ml)、提取时间20s、提取次数1次。在此条件下,蓝莓总花色苷平均提取率为1.132%,ABTS自由基清除能力为416.8μg/ml。     

Study of ultrasonic wave treatments for accelerating the aging process in a rice alcoholic beverage

This research focussed on the accelerated aging of a rice alcoholic beverage by applying two different levels of ultrasonic power. The rice alcoholic beverage was fermented with Saccharomyces sake. The control treatment was aged for one year in fired clay containers (standard aging) while two other treatments simulated aging by using 20 kHz and 1.6 MHz ultrasonic waves, respectively (accelerated aging). Comparisons were made of alcohol content, titratable acidity value, gas chromatography measurements of volatile aroma compounds, sensory evaluation and time of aging. Results showed that the 20 kHz treatment influences rice alcoholic beverage aging better than the 1.6 MHz treatment. The 20 kHz ultrasonic wave treatment has potential as a good alternative method for aging the alcoholic beverage. Further studies are needed to elucidate the best power range of ultrasonic waves for aging alcoholic beverages made of various materials.     

The profile in polyphenols and volatile compounds in alcoholic beverages from different cultivars of mulberry

Abstract: Mulberry fruits have different chemical compositions because of cultivar variation. In this study, polyphenol profile and volatile composition of alcoholic beverages produced from different mulberries of Da 10, Hongguo 2 hao, and Hongguo 1 hao were investigated. Statistically significant differences were detected in the chemical composition of the analyzed alcoholic beverage samples. The beverage of Da 10 possessed the highest content of total phenols, total flavonoids, and total anthocyanins, which was determined by spectrophotometry analysis, contrarily Hongguo 1 hao beverage showing the lowest. Phenolic acids and flavonols were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Protocatechuic acid was the main phenolic acid in all analyzed alcoholic beverage samples, and its concentration ranged from 8.20 mg L^?1 (Hongguo 1 hao beverage) to 29.98 mg L^?1 (Da 10 beverage). High level of flavonols was found in both Da 10 and Hongguo 2 hao beverage samples, whereas Hongguo 1 hao beverage sample was characterized with lower level of flavonols. Furthermore, volatile compounds were analyzed by solid phase microextraction‐gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis. The amount of esters varied widely among the 3 alcoholic beverage samples. The concentration of aliphatic alcohols in Hongguo 2 hao and 1 hao beverage samples was higher than Da 10 sample, whereas Da 10 beverage sample contained more aromatic alcohols than the others. Hongguo 1 beverage sample showed the highest concentration of acetic acid. This study demonstrated that quantitative differences of phenolic compounds and volatile compounds among cultivars were significant, which highly affected the quality of alcoholic beverage from mulberry. Practical Application: Mulberry fruits had different chemical compositions because of cultivar variation. The analyzed Da 10 cultivar of mulberry appeared to be a good raw material for alcoholic beverage‐making because of its high level of total sugar and acidity. This study demonstrated that alcoholic beverages from mulberry contain high amounts of polyphenols. These bioactive compounds may act synergistically to promote health, and reduce risk factors of chronic diseases.     

壳聚糖-山竹果皮提取液复合涂膜对蓝莓的保鲜效果

以‘北陆’蓝莓为试材,研究0.5%的壳聚糖（chitosan,CTS）结合1%山竹果皮提取液（mangosteen peel extracts,MPE）处理对其在低温（4±0.2）℃贮藏期间保鲜效果的影响。结果表明,CTS处理和CTS与MPE复合处理均能够减缓蓝莓果实贮藏期间硬度、可溶性固形物（TSS）含量以及含水量的下降,使果实呼吸高峰的出现时间推迟了7 d,减缓维生素C（V_C）含量及总酚含量的下降,同时延缓丙二醛（MDA）含量的上升。在贮藏后期（第49 d）,CTS和MPE复合处理仍使果实维持较高的DPPH·和ABTS +·清除率,分别比对照高8.9%和20.3%,使其保持了较好的抗氧化能力。其中,CTS与MPE复合处理的效果最好。结论:CTS与MPE复合涂膜处理能有效地保持蓝莓果实的贮藏品质及抗氧化活性,延缓其成熟衰老的进程。     

Physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of Korean traditional alcoholic beverage, yakju, enriched with mulberry

Mulberry fruits (Morus alba L.), rich in health beneficial compounds such as polyphenols, flavonoids, and anthocyananis, have traditionally been used as nutritional foodstuffs and fork medicines. In this study, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of a traditional Korean alcoholic beverage ``yakju' enriched with mulberry were evaluated. The beverage was enriched with smoothies prepared from Korean mulberry cultivars of Cheongilppong (CP), Suwonppong (SP), and Daesungppong (DP). In comparison to the control, an increase in alcohol content and total acidity and a decrease in sugar level in yakju enriched with mulberry were observed during 15 d of fermentation. The total polyphenol and total flavonoid content increased in the following order: DP yakju > SP yakju > CP yakju > control yakju. In contrast, the anthocyanin content decreased during the fermentation periods. The trans-resveratrol content of mulberry yakju increased during the fermentation and the resveratrol content of DP yakju (0.24 mg/L) was significantly higher than that of SP yakju (0.21 mg/L) and CP yakju (0.14 mg/L) on the 15th day of fermentation (P < 0.05). The antioxidant activities of mulberry yakju, which was assessed using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenozothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and reducing power assays, decreased during the 1st day of fermentation and increased into thereafter. The increase in antioxidant activities of mulberry yakju might have been affected primarily by the total flavonoid and total polyphenol content with increasing alcohol concentration, as a good extractor, during the fermentation; however, the antioxidant activities may have also been affected by the total anthocyanin content up to the 1st day of fermentation. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of a traditional Korean alcoholic beverage ``yakju' enriched with mulberry were investigated. This analysis is important for the potential applications of mulberry yakju as functional alcoholic drinks.     

两种工艺拐枣酒抗氧化成分及活性比较

以拐枣果梗为原料,制备拐枣露酒与发酵酒,测定拐枣酒中营养成分含量,并采用氧自由基吸收能力（ORAC）、铁离子还原能力（FRAP）、2,2'-联氨-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）与1,1-二苯基-2-苦肼基（DPPH）自由基清除能力4种方法对其抗氧化活性进行测定,旨在比较两种工艺拐枣酒抗氧化成分含量及抗氧化活性。结果表明,拐枣发酵酒中总多酚、总黄酮、抗坏血酸含量均高于拐枣露酒,拐枣露酒中具有较高的糖含量,发酵酒中残糖量少。两种工艺拐枣酒均具有很强的抗氧化能力,其抗氧化能力与之含有的总黄酮、总多酚及抗坏血酸含量呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）。拐枣酒的ORAC值在6.49～14.69 mmol/L之间,FRAP值在3.59～11.71 mmol/L之间,对ABTS、DPPH自由基的清除率均＞90%,半抑制浓度（IC50）值分别在7.10～20.30 μg/mL、23.40～52.30 μg/mL之间。拐枣露酒与拐枣发酵酒相比,发酵酒中营养成分含量更高,品质更佳,抗氧化能力更强。     

超声波强化提取决明子活性成分

对超声波提取决明子中蒽醌类化合物的工艺条件进行了探讨,研究了料液比、乙醇浓度、浸泡时间和超声波提取时间等对蒽醌类成分提取率的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为:料液比为0.005g/mL,用体积分数80%的乙醇溶液浸泡决明子3h,在400W的超声功率下提取80min后, 总蒽醌和游离蒽醌的提取率可达质量百分数0.596%和0.181%;其提取率明显比加热回流法和水煎煮法要高。     

响应面法优化欧李果汁与牛奶复合益生菌饮料发酵工艺

以欧李（Cerasus humilis）果汁与牛奶为主要原料制作复合益生菌饮料,以总抗氧化能力和活菌数为评价指标,经单因素试验分析发酵菌株、果浆浓度、脱脂牛奶添加量、糖度、接种量和发酵时间对发酵饮料的影响,并通过响应面试验对影响较大的4个因素进行优化,确定复合益生菌饮料最佳工艺。结果表明,最佳发酵工艺为发酵菌株植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）和嗜酸乳杆菌（Lactobacillus acidophilus）（1∶1）,欧李果汁添加量49%,脱脂牛奶添加量12.3%,糖度12 °Bx,接种量6%,发酵时间41 h。在此优化发酵工艺条件下,饮料总抗氧化能力为143.33 U/mL,活菌数为8.70 lg（CFU/mL）,色泽鲜艳呈粉红色,气味纯正,具有欧李果香,酸甜可口,滋味宜人。