基于生命周期评价的瓦楞原纸产品碳足迹评价

依据PAS 2050:2011,采用B2B的方法利用eFootprint系统,对以废纸为原料生产的瓦楞原纸产品进行碳足迹评价。评价结果表明,生产1000 kg瓦楞原纸所排放的温室气体量为1226.79 kg CO2e,其中废纸制浆和抄纸过程是温室气体(GHG)主要排放过程,分别占GHG排放量的32.6%和54.1%;GHG排放主要来自能源消耗。因此造纸工业降低化石燃料利用比例及单位产品能耗是推动行业碳减排的必由之路。     

100%OCC生产的箱纸板碳足迹评价

依据PAS 2050商品和服务全生命周期的温室气体(GHG)排放评价规范及欧洲造纸工业联合会(CEPI)纸和纸板碳足迹评价框架文件,以"摇篮-到-大门"的方法对100%OCC生产的箱纸板碳足迹进行了评价。结果表明,生产1000 kg箱纸板排放的温室气体为1798.2 kg CO2e,产品碳存储为-41.4 kg CO2e,其中抄纸过程是主要排放过程,占GHG排放量的61.7%,排放源主要来自电力和蒸汽的消耗。因此造纸工业提高能源利用效率、降低单位产品能耗是推行低碳造纸的必由之路。     

纺织服装业碳排放量的估算及影响因素分析

在估算纺织服装业碳排放量的基础上,基于Kaya公式把影响纺织服装业的碳排放因素分为产业CO2排放、产业GDP、单位GDP能源消耗率和能源结构碳强度等因素进行分析,结果表明影响我国纺织服装行业碳排放量变化的主要因素是产业GDP,单位GDP能源消耗相对而言也是一个关注点,能源结构碳强度提高对碳排放量的减少具有重要作用。     

典型制浆造纸厂的CO2排放及碳强度的算法和分析

以在我国造纸工业最具代表性的一家制浆造纸联合工厂为研究对象,采用“造纸和纸制品生产企业温室气体排放核算方法与报告指南”和温室气体核算体系计算工具的方法,研究了温室气体种类、核算边界和方法、工厂能耗和碳排放总量以及碳强度。结果表明,2014年该工厂碳排放总量为430496.772 t CO₂,不包含生物质能源产生的碳排放;基于工厂的纸浆碳强度为0.228 t CO₂/t风干浆,为基于产品获得的各种纸浆碳强度的7.4%～56.9%;基于国民生产总值（GDP）的碳强度为1.08 t CO₂ e/1000 USD,为我国造纸工业平均水平的56.3%;基于销售额的碳强度为0.301 t CO₂ e/1000 USD,约为国际纸业公司的52.6%。结果也表明,影响企业碳强度的主要因素有原材料种类、能源结构、产品结构等,以及为在碳排放交易市场中获得更多的碳排放交易权空间,企业应进一步进行节能减排。     

林纸结合是振兴福建纸业的必由之路

当前世界纸和纸板产量中,利用木材纤维达94．7％,大家公认世界制浆造纸工业所需木材纤维原料资源应该是世界制浆造纸工业实现可持续发展的基本问题,以木材纤维为主要原料资源是制浆造纸工业自身技术、经济规律的要求。以木材纤维为主要原料资源,林纸经营一体化和规模化生产是现代制浆造纸工业的基本特征,也是当今世界制浆造纸工业发展趋势。近几年来我国造纸工业国产木浆仅200万吨／年左右,只占国内纸浆总产量的9％,要提高我国纸和纸板产品档次,增加中、高档纸和纸板比例,要提高纸和纸板产品质量,重塑中国现代化造纸工业,其发展…     

基于不同蒸煮技术的硫酸盐木浆制浆过程碳排放研究

本研究构建了制浆生产过程碳排放量与碳排放强度计算模型,并对DDS间歇蒸煮、卡米尔和横管连蒸系统3种典型蒸煮技术进行了分析。结果表明,DDS间歇蒸煮技术的碳排放强度低于卡米尔和横管连蒸系统,且3种典型蒸煮技术均为“零碳”技术,均存在一定减碳能力,其中基于DDS间歇置换蒸煮的制浆系统减碳量（1531.48 kgCO₂e/adt）强于卡米尔（1141.77 kgCO₂e/adt）和横管连蒸（924.52 kgCO₂e/adt）。碱回收系统所产生的能源满足蒸煮、洗筛和漂白等制浆全过程;制浆过程蒸煮和碱回收系统的碳排放量占比分别为26.78%、65.85%,是挖掘减碳能力的主要对象。     

造纸优势资源的发挥至关云南造纸工业发展的未来

云南有着丰富的制浆造纸资源，却形不成与之相适应的造纸工业框架。如何跟进我国日益加快的制浆造纸工业发展步伐?如何与国家走林纸一体化道路配套发展?如何解决我国造纸资源匮乏的至上命题?素有植物王国的云南赋有重要的历史使命和不可低估的作用。造纸优势资源的发展决定着云南造纸工业发展的未来。     

文化办公用纸(含新闻纸)单位产品能源消耗限额(摘要)

<正>1范围本标准规定了制浆造纸工业文化办公用纸(含新闻纸)单位产品能源消耗限额的技术要求、能耗统计范围、统计方法和计算方法、节能管理与措施。本标准适用于复印纸、胶版印刷纸、书写纸、轻型印刷纸、新闻纸等文化办公用纸(不包括制浆)生产企业进行能耗的计算、控制和考核以及对新建、改扩建生产线的准入考核。2规范性引用文件下列文件对于本文件的应用是必不可少的。凡是注日期的引用文件,仅所注日期的版本     

我国造纸工业能耗的发展变化与现状分析

宏观分析了我国造纸工业的能耗发展变化情况,吨纸标准煤能耗从1985年的1.76t,降低到2007年的0.46t;微观分析了我国不同纸机的能耗,不同原料、不同制浆设备、不同制浆方法的化学浆能耗,以及高得率浆和废纸浆的能耗。     

造纸工业能耗与先进节能技术装备（续）

结合“十二五”国家及造纸工业关于发展低碳绿色纸业规划要求,分析了制浆造纸过程能源消耗状况,重点讨论了当今国际上造纸工业提倡推广的先进、成熟、适用的节能技术与装备,为我国造纸工业实现“十二五”节能减排目标提供支持。     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Contribution of European research to risk analysis

The European Commission's, Quality of Life Research Programme, Key Action 1—Health, Food & Nutrition is mission-oriented and aims, amongst other things, at providing a healthy, safe and high-quality food supply leading to reinforced consumer confidence in the safety of European food. Its objectives also include the enhancing of the competitiveness of the European food supply. Key Action 1 is currently supporting a number of different types of European collaborative projects in the area of risk analysis. The objectives of these projects range from the development and validation of prevention strategies including the reduction of consumers risks; development and validation of new modelling approaches; harmonization of risk assessment principles, methodologies, and terminology; standardization of methods and systems used for the safety evaluation of transgenic food; providing of tools for the evaluation of human viral contamination of shellfish and quality control; new methodologies for assessing the potential of unintended effects of genetically modified (genetically modified) foods; development of a risk assessment model for Cryptosporidium parvum related to the food and water industries; to the development of a communication platform for genetically modified organism, producers, retailers, regulatory authorities and consumer groups to improve safety assessment procedures, risk management strategies and risk communication; development and validation of new methods for safety testing of transgenic food; evaluation of the safety and efficacy of iron supplementation in pregnant women; evaluation of the potential cancer-preventing activity of pro- and pre-biotic ('synbiotic') combinations in human volunteers. An overview of these projects is presented here.     

低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性

为研究低温带皮菜籽粕微粉的不同粒级部分的功能特性,以经低温脱脂的带皮菜籽粕为原料,经微粉碎后筛分成212~425μm、150~212μm和106~150μm的3个不同粒级的微粉样品,检测这些样品的吸水性、吸油性、乳化性和乳化稳定性、蛋白质体外消化率。结果表明:1 3个不同粒级的微粉样品之间的粗纤维含量存在显著差异,表明三者的结构组成成分有一定差异。23个微粉样品的乳化活性和乳化稳定性随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。33个微粉样品的蛋白质体外消化率随粒度级别的减小而显著增加(P0.01)。4不同粒级带皮菜籽粕微粉样品的吸水性与吸油性受其结构组成物质不同和粒度的双重影响,与粒度的相关性不明显。     

Microbiology of food taints

Fresh and processed foods are often spoilt by the presence of undesirable flavours and odours caused by microbial action. The aim of this paper is to review the current knowledge of microbiologically induced taints that occur in a wide range of foodstuffs, including meats, poultry, fish, crustaceans, milk, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, cereals and cereal products. Examples have been chosen where the compounds responsible for the taint have been identified and sufficient data obtained to demonstrate the involvement of microorganisms. However, in some cases the full identity of the causative organism may not have been elucidated. The types of microorganisms covered by this review include bacteria, fungi, yeasts, actinomycetes and cyanobacteria. Although cyanobacteria do not in general infect foods, their presence in aqueous systems and water supplies can lead to off-flavours in aquatic organisms and processed foodstuffs. Several examples of each of these processes are discussed. Wherever possible, the likely biosynthetic pathway used by the microorganism to produce the offending compound in a foodstuff is indicated.     

Analysis for organic residues from aids to polymerization used to make plastics intended for food contact

Polymers intended for food contact use have been analysed for organic residues which could be attributed to a range of substances employed as polymerization aids (e.g. initiators and catalysts). A wide range of polymers was extracted with solvents and the extracts analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The overwhelming majority of substances identified were not derived from aids to polymerization but were oligomers, additives and adventitious contaminants. However, a small number of substances were identified as initiator residues. These included tetramethylsuccinonitrile (TMSN) which was observed in two polymers and it derived from recombination of two azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) initiator radicals. Methyl benzoate, benzoic acid, biphenyl and phenyl benzoate were detected in one poly(methyl methacrylate) sample and in two polyvinylchlorides and they are thought to be derived from benzoyl peroxide initiator. TMSN was subsequently targeted for analysis of poly-(methyl methacrylate) plastics using proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (¹     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part II: Medium molecular weight permeants

Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of different medium molecular weight model permeants: bisphenol A, warfarin and anthracene, from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 microns-thick orientated polypropylene--OPP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. The characterization of permeation kinetics generally observed the permeation models previously reported to explain the experimental permeation results obtained for a low molecular weight group of model permeants. In general, the model permeants exhibited behaviour consistent with their relative molecular weights with respect to (a) the time taken to attain steady-state permeation into the food simulant in which they were more soluble, (b) their subsequent steady-state permeation rates, and (c) their partition between liquid paraffin and the OPP membrane.     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. I: Interlaboratory studies of methods of analysis

This paper describes the first part of a project undertaken to develop mussel reference materials for Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins. Two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin (dc-STX) in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the second part of the project: the certification exercise. In the first study, 18 laboratories were asked to measure STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and to identify as many other PSP toxins as possible with a method of their choice. In the second interlaboratory study, 15 laboratories were additionally asked to determine quantitatively STX and dc-STX in rehydrated lyophilized mussel and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The first study revealed that three out of four postcolumn derivatization methods and one pre-column derivatization method sufficed in principle to determine STX and dc-STX. Most participants (13 of 18) obtained acceptable calibration curves and recoveries. Saxitoxin was hardly detected in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels and results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 58% at a mass fraction of 1.86 mg/kg. Most participants (14 out of 18) identified gonyautoxin-5 (GTX-5) in a hydrolysed extract provided. The first study led to provisional criteria for linearity, recovery and separation. The second study revealed that 6 out of 15 laboratories were able to meet these criteria. Results obtained for dc-STX yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 3.49mg/kg. Results obtained for STX in the saxitoxin-enriched material yielded a CV of 19% at a mass fraction of 0.34mg/kg. Saxitoxin could not be detected in the PSP-positive material. Hydrolysis was useful to confirm the identity of GTX5 and provided indicative information about C1 and C2 toxins in the PSP-positive material. The methods used in the second interlaboratory study showed sufficiently consistent analysis results to undertake a certification exercise to assign certified values for STX and dc-STX in lyophilized mussel.     

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued "Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Control in Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry (Trial)" and Two Other Guiding Technical Documents

On December 27t＂, 2013, the Ministry of Environmenta Protection announced that, in order to implement ＂The Environmental Protection Law of the People＇ s Republic of China＂, improve the working system in environmenta protection technologies, and promote technologica advancement in pollution prevention, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sponsored the formulation of three guiding technical documents including ＂Feasible Technology Guidelines for Pollution Prevention and Contro n Wood Pulping Process of the Paper Industry （Trial）＂     

1~(st) Intelli-Tissue~ EcoEc Tissue Machine Supplied by PMP Group Successfully Put into Operation in China

正On April 29th,2014,Intelli-Tissue EcoEc tissue machine supplied by PMP Group successfully put into operation at Hebei Xuesong Paper Co.,Ltd.,this is the first such kind of paper machine of PMP Group in China.