水解酸化-接触氧化处理OCC造纸废水的微生物特性

采用固定进水COD浓度、缩短水力停留时间的方法对水解酸化-接触氧化反应器进行启动,第14天CODCr总去除率达到88%;启动后对微生物特性进行研究,发现水解酸化段的微型动物种类比较单一,以能生活在溶氧不足且高有机浓度情况下的微生物为主,其中第1格室中好氧及兼性厌氧微生物数量最多,可达到5.2×105 CFU/mL,在后面的格室中逐渐减少至0.67×105 CFU/mL;接触氧化段沿水流方向,微生物的数量按照鞭毛虫-游泳型纤毛虫-固着型纤毛虫-轮虫的顺序出现,生物膜厚度在10～2613μm之间波动,并逐渐减小.     

Fenton法深度处理制浆造纸综合废水实验研究

采用Fenton法对造纸厂二级处理后出水进行深度处理,探讨了H2O2/Fe2+、H2O2投加量、体系pH值等条件对CODcr和色度去除效果的影响,实验结果表明:生化处理后采用Fenton高级氧化法,可使废水CODcr和色度进一步下降.当体系pH值2～3,H2O2/Fe2+摩尔比为5∶1,30%H2O2投加量为1mL/L时,出水CODcr可降低至50mg/L以下,色度去除率大于80%,可满足更为严格的造纸废水排放标准.     

混凝-生化法处理亚硫酸盐浆CEH漂白废水的研究

混凝静态实验表明在最佳条件下可去除69%CODcr,随着pH值的增加,AOX去除率逐渐升高,且增加硫离子可显著提高AOX的去除率.混凝-厌氧-好氧一体化反应装置,能有效地处理纸浆含氯漂白废水,在整个反应器停留时间为15 h时,出水CODcr、BOD5、AOX分别降为203mg/l、70 mg/l和0.92 mg/l,达到造纸行业GWPB2-1999排放标准,整个系统CODcr、BOD5、AOX毒性值去除率分别达88.1%,81.0%、98.4%、92%.GC-MS实验结果表明原废水污染物是以氯代酚为主的氯代有机物,厌氧单元通过还原脱氯及酸性水解,氯代有机物得到了基本的去除,使废水的毒性、AOX大大降低.COD、BOD主要在混凝、好氧单元得到了去除.废水经好氧处理后低分子量的酸性组分和烷烃类明显增加,表明污染物得到了进一步的氧化降解.     

UBF工艺处理废纸浆造纸废水

对上流式厌氧污泥床过滤器UBF(Upflow Blanket Filter)工艺处理废纸浆造纸废水进行了实验研究.实验表明,UBF反应器经过三个月达到稳定运行、培养出适合水质要求的厌氧污泥、运行结果表明、在进水CODcr为1800mg/L左右的条件下,出水CODcr一般在600~700mg/L,平均去除率稳定在65.7%左右.     

序批式生物膜反应器处理制浆中段废水

使用序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)对某厂的中段废水进行处理.初步研究了处理过程中进水方式、曝气量、进水容积负荷、处理周期等影响因素,并对各参数进行了优化.实验结果表明,SB-BR工艺对中段废水进行处理时,CODcr去除率达75.3%,BOD5去除率达76.6%.经SBBR处理后出水再混凝处理后,出水达到DB44/26-2001的二级排放标准.     

糖蜜酒精废水的两级UASB处理技术研究

研究了两级上流式厌氧污泥床(Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed,UASB)反应器处理糖蜜酒精废水的效果。进水COD负荷为28 kg/(m~3·d)时,污泥中微生物活性受到一定抑制,反应器运行效果变差,但仍能稳定运行。糖蜜酒精废水经稀释后进入一级UASB反应器,一级厌氧出水直接作为二级UASB反应器的进水。试验结果表明,经过两级厌氧消化,废水的COD和硫酸根总去除率分别稳定在65%和88%左右,二级厌氧出水COD浓度为9 000 mg/L左右,硫酸根浓度为300 mg/L。一级厌氧处理对COD和硫酸根的去除贡献较大,去除率分别为45%和70%左右,产气效果也较好,日产气量达到35 L左右,甲烷含量70%左右。出水硫化物浓度随进水硫酸根浓度增加而升高,最终一级厌氧出水达到568.8 mg/L,二级厌氧出水达到720mg/L。MPB电子流所占比重随进水COD负荷提升而增大,最大为85.8%。     

生物漂带接触氧化法处理废纸造纸废水

采用生物漂带接触氧化工艺处理废纸造纸废水.结果表明,当进水CODcr为256～363 mg/L时,出水CODcr≤100 mg/L;该工艺对CODcr的去除率较原废水站生化处理系统和自制曝气池均高出33.3%以上;气水比为5:1以上时,CODcr的去除率可达75%以上;工艺对浊度的去除效率较高,所需二沉池的有效容积较小.     

OCC造纸循环废水水解酸化预处理特性研究

采用ABR反应器水解酸化处理OCC造纸循环废水,研究了常温下不同进水HRT和pH值对反应器各格室水质参数的影响。研究结果表明,不同的HRT对反应器各格室pH值的影响不大,但是各格室CODCr去除率和VFA浓度因HRT不同而有不同的变化规律。在HRT为6时,反应器处于最佳的水解酸化状态,出水的BOD5／CODCr达到0．57。进水pH值对ABR的处理效果有明显影响,酸陛条件优于中性和碱性条件,反应器各格室CODCr,的去除率和VFA浓度在酸陆、中性和碱性条件下有不同的变化规律。进水pH值为6时,反应器的水解酸化效果最好,出水具有较好的可生化性。反应器微生物数量在从前到后各格室依次递减,且原生动物以游泳型纤毛虫为主,最常见的是表壳圆壳虫,其次是草履虫和扭头虫。     

造纸废水生物强化活性炭深度处理

以高效菌生物活性炭装置对某造纸集团污水处理厂出水进行深度处理中试试验.试验结果表明,在平均进水CODcr 149.99 mg/L、色度34.30倍时.CODcr、色度去除率均达到50%以上.经170d运行.证明生物活性炭工艺在造纸废水深度处理中能达到较好的处理效果.     

造纸废水的混凝-水解-接触氧化处理技术

研究了以混凝、厌氧酸化、生物接触氧化一体化反应器处理含氯漂折护望洋兴叹，水力停留时间为15h时，整个系统CODCr、BOD5、AOX、毒性值去除率分别达88.1%、81%、98.4%、92%。混凝单元主要去除大分子氯代有机物；厌氧单元通过还原脱氯及酸性水解，使氯代有机物得到了基本的去除；好氧单元对CODCr有较高的去除率。红外光谱的分析结果表明：废水中既有木素又有纤维素和半纤维素，虽然漂白废水厌氧处理技术不如好氧处理，但厌氧、好氧联合处理可有效地提高处理效果。     

Outfitting Textiles,Fashion + Architecture: The Convergence + Interplay of Construction + Engineering for the Human Form

Links between textiles, fashion, and architecture are examined in terms of their visual aesthetics and methods of realization. Both garments and buildings touch our everyday lives and can be seen as similar types of “outfits.” Pragmatic and expressive they provide protection and shelter while also reflecting taste and identity. As ever-new textiles and technologies are emerging, these are infiltrating both the world of fashion and that of architecture. Fashion references architecture, and architecture references fashion in human scale/proportions and harmony/balance of forms, while the correct choice of textile is crucial to their realization. Fashion is traditionally seen as being ephemeral and temporal and architecture as monumental and permanent but these notions are rapidly changing. Fashion is slowing down to embrace issues of sustainability, timelessness, and longevity while architecture is speeding up to take on aspects of flexibility, mobility, and change. It is proposed that the future will move towards a convergence that includes the bespoke where new textiles and technologies enable “outfits” to be made for wearing and for living in that are intimate and individual—tailored to suit and responsive to need.     

钠、镁离子对氯化钾结晶影响的研究

文章通过MSMPR结晶系统对纯氯化钾及加入2%的氯化镁后的溶液与加入光卤石母液后的溶液进行了氯化钾结晶动力学的研究,计算出了三种情况下氯化钾结晶的基本动力学关系式,分析钠、镁离子对氯化钾结晶过程中成核与生长速率的影响程度,为用光卤石生产氯化钾产品,提高其取得率及增大晶体粒度提供了理论依据.     

DDG+UASB+SBR工艺在玉米酒精糟液处理中的实践

利用DDG UASB SBR工艺处理玉米酒精糟液，运行稳定、可靠，处理效率高，投资少，占地面积小。酒精生产排放的废水BOD5，CODcr，SS平均浓度、pH值及酒精吨排水量均符合《污水综合排放标准)(GB8978-96)中酒精行业的有关规定。采用该工艺可提高企业经济效益，避免资源浪费，实现企业经济良性循环。(孙悟)     

The effect of the dietary Na+ + K+ − Cl− balance on the short-term energy and nitrogen metabolism of the growing pig

Three diets containing either 45, 72 or 218 mEq kg^?1 of the Na⁺ + K⁺ ? Cl^? balance were each given to four male growing pigs in a 13-day metabolism trial. The dietary Na⁺ + K⁺ ? Cl^? balance did not significantly influence the digestibility or metabolisability of gross energy and nitrogen or the extretion of urinary urea.     

新型钾离子筛K^＋—NH4^＋离子交换平衡研究

测定了0℃、25℃、50℃和75℃时新型钾离子筛的K -NH 4离子交换平衡数据,绘制出相应的离子交换等温线.结果表明:新型离子筛对钾离子的选择性高于对铵离子;随着温度的升高,离子筛对NH 4的选择性增加;50℃时新型钾离子筛的离子交换性能最好.     

Effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ on defluoridation in the electrocoagulation process

Because aqueous ions can influence the defluoridation of the electrocoagulation (EC) process, the effects of Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) were investigated. The behaviors and mechanisms of EC defluoridation in Ca(2+)-containing systems were different from those in Mg(2+)-containing systems. An increase in Ca(2+) concentration improved the defluoridation efficiency (ε(F)), but it could not change the optimal molar ratio of OH(-) and F(-) to Al(3+) (r(OH+F)). The highest ε(F) can usually be obtained at r(OH+F) = 3 for defluoridation. Only a small portion of Ca(2+) entered into the flocs, and Ca(2+) could not influence the mechanism of EC defluoridation. For the Mg(2+)-containing system, the optimal r(OH+F) increased with increasing Mg(2+) concentration. The optimal r(OH+F) was maintained at 3 after the Mg(2+) concentration was corrected using the obtained correction coefficient of 0.3435. About 50% to 70% of the total Mg(2+) entered into the flocs. From the XRD analysis, it was found that some Mg-Al-F layered double hydroxides (LDHs) were formed by Mg(2+), F(-), and Al(3+) during electrolysis. It is proposed for the first time that the formation of Mg-Al-F LDH is one of the mechanisms for EC defluoridation in systems containing both F(-) and Mg(2+).     

合成分子筛Na^＋-K^＋离子交换热力学的研究

通过测定对钾离子全交换容量为189.74mmol/100g的合成分子筛Na -K 离子交换等温线,绘制kielland图,并回归出Langmuir模型,依据热力学平衡原理,导出了粒状合成分子筛Na -K 离子交换过程平衡常数表达式,并计算出该过程的焓、吉布斯自由能和熵变化.进一步验证了合成分子筛Na -K 离子交换过程的自发性,且为放热反应,低温有利于钾离子的吸附.     

关于商高数(n+h)~2-n~2,2n(n+h),(n+h)~2+n~2

本文解决了一类商高数的Jes′manowicz猜测,即证明下列定理:设a=(n+h)~2-n~2、b=2n(n+h)、C=(n+h)+n~2,此处正整数n、h满足h~2=2n~2-1,则丢番图方程a+b~y=c~z仅有正整数解x=y=z=2。     

Comparing WHAM 6 and MINEQL+ 4.5 for the chemical speciation of Cu2+ in the rhizosphere of forest soils

Metal speciation data calculated by modeling could give useful information regarding the fate of metals in the rhizospheric environment. However, no comparative study has evaluated the relative accuracy of speciation models in this microenvironment. Consequently, the present study evaluates the reliability of free Cu ion (Cu2+) activity modeled by WHAM 6 and MINEQL+ 4.5 for 18 bulk and 18 rhizospheric soil samples collected in two Canadian forested areas located near industrial facilities. The modeling of Cu speciation was performed on water extracts using pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), major ions, and total dissolved Al, Ca, Cu, Mg, and Zn concentrations as input data. Four scenarios representing the composition of dissolved organic substances using fulvic, humic, and acetic acids were derived from the literature and used in the modeling exercise. Different scenarios were used to contrast soil components (rhizosphere vs bulk) and soil pH levels (acidic vs neutral to alkaline). Reference Cu2+ activity values measured by an ion-selective electrode varied between 0.39 and 41 nM. The model MINEQL+ 4.5 provided good predictions of Cu2+ activities [root-mean-square residual (RMSR)= 0.37], while predictions from WHAM 6 were poor (RMSR = 1.74) because they overestimated Cu complexation with DOC. Modeling with WHAM 6 could be improved by adjusting the proportion of inert DOC and the composition of DOC (RMSR = 0.94), but it remained weaker than predictions with MINEQL+ 4.5. These results suggested that the discrepancies between speciation models were attributed to differences in the binding capacity of humic substances with Cu, where WHAM 6 appeared to be too aggressive. Therefore, we concluded that chemical interactions occurring between Cu and DOC were key factors for an accurate simulation of Cu speciation, especially in rhizospheric forest soils, where high variation of the DOC concentration and composition are observed.